Ese wumva amaguru n'amaboko yawe arimo gutakaza imbaraga buhoro buhoro? Iyi ishobora kuba indwara y'imitsi itera imikorere y'umubiri (MND)!

Ese wigeze wumva amaguru yawe arimo gucika intege igihe wazamukaga ingazi, amagambo yawe arimo gucika intege igihe wavugaga, cyangwa ikintu kikugwa gitumo? Ushobora gutekereza ko ibi ari ibisanzwe, ariko niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje, ni byiza kugira impungenge gato. Kuko ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere by'indwara yitwa indwara ya moteri neurons (MND) . Reka tubiganireho birambuye uyu munsi.

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko (MND) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, indwara y’imitsi ifata imitsi (MND) ni itsinda ry’indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi yacu. Ituma imitsi ifata imitsi igenda ipfa buhoro buhoro. Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti izi mitsi ifata imitsi ni izihe. Izi ni uturemangingo tw’imitsi tugenzura imitsi yacu. Izi mitsi ifata imitsi ni ingenzi mu mikorere yacu yose, kuva mu guhumeka, kuvuga, kumira no kugenda.

Tekereza, ubutumwa buturuka mu bwonko bwacu (bwitwa upper motor neurons ) buza mu ruti rw'umugongo rwacu. Kuva aho, ubwo butumwa bunyura mu mitsi yo hasi y'umubiri wacu. Utu tunyangingo two hejuru y'umubiri ni two tubwira utwo tunyangingo two hasi tuti: "Sawa, noneho hindura uyu mutsi utya."

None se, bigenda bite iyo iyi mitsi yo hasi idashobora kohereza ubutumwa ku mitsi? Imitsi itangira gucika intege buhoro buhoro no kugabanuka (gucika intege kw'imitsi) . Nanone, iyo imitsi yo hejuru idashobora kohereza ibimenyetso ku mitsi yo hasi, imitsi irakomera kandi igakora cyane ( hyperreflexia ). Ibi bituma bigorana gukora ingendo ku bushake, kandi ziba buhoro cyane. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, dushobora no gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugenda no kugenzura izindi ngendo.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko nta muti uhari wo kuvura indwara z'imitsi itera imitsi. Izi ni indwara zigenda zirushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ariko hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugabanya ingaruka z'iyi ndwara.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa MND buriho?

Abaganga bashyira MND mu byiciro hakurikijwe niba igira ingaruka ku mitsi yo hejuru y'imyakura, imitsi yo hasi y'imyakura, cyangwa byombi. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa MND:

`Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)`

Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane ya MND. Hari n'abantu bayita indwara ya Lou Gehrig . ALS ifata imitsi yo hejuru n'iyo hasi. Ibi bishobora gutuma imitsi itakaza ubushobozi bwo kuyigenzura vuba, amaherezo bigatera ubumuga . Abaganga benshi rimwe na rimwe bakoresha amagambo ALS n'indwara y'imitsi yo mu mutwe mu buryo butandukanye.

`Indwara y'ubumuga igenda irushaho kwiyongera (PBP)`

Ibi nibyo bitugabaho igitero.Imitsi yo hasi ihuza n'umutwe w'ubwonko (agace ka bulbar). Umutwe w'ubwonko bwacu ugenzura imitsi ikenewe mu bintu nko kuvuga, guhekenya no kumira. Irindi zina rya PBP ni ``progressive bulbar atrophy``.

`Indwara y'imisemburo yo mu ruhande rw'imbere (PLS)`

Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mitsi yo hejuru y'umubiri gusa. Akenshi, iyi ndwara ibanza gufata amaguru. Hanyuma ikagira ingaruka ku maboko, ku maboko no ku gituza. Amaherezo, ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi ikoreshwa mu kuvuga, kumira no guhekenya ibiryo.

`Kugabanuka kw'imitsi mu buryo burambye (PMA)`

Ifata gusa imitsi yo hasi y'umubiri. Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo, kandi ikunda kugaragara bakiri bato kurusha izindi ndwara zifata abantu bakuru. Ibimenyetso bya mbere ni intege nke mu maboko, hanyuma zigakwirakwira mu gice cyo hasi cy'umubiri. Ishobora no kugira ingaruka ku gice cyo hasi cy'umubiri no mu guhumeka.

Kugabanuka kw'imitsi yo mu mugongo (SMA)

Iyi ni indwara umuntu avukana ifata imitsi yo hasi y’ingirabuzima fatizo. Ifatwa kandi nk'imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera impfu z'abana bato . Impinduka mu miterere ya gene ya `SMN1` zituma poroteyine ya `SMN` ibura. Ibi bihita bingiza imitsi yo hasi y’ingirabuzima fatizo, bigatera imitsi gucika intege no gupfa.

Indwara ya Kennedy

Bifitanye isano na gene iri kuri chromosome ya X ku bagabo. Biterwa n'impinduka mu gene ya androgen receptor . Uko igihe kigenda gihita, intege nke zitangira mu maboko no ku maguru, akenshi zitangirira mu gice cy'ikibuno cyangwa mu rutugu. Ububabare no kubura ibinure mu maboko no ku maguru nabyo bishobora kubaho.

Indwara ya polio (PPS)

Ibaho ku bantu bamaze gukira indwara ya poliyo. Ishobora kubaho nyuma y’imyaka mirongo ine barwaye. Polio ishobora kwangiza cyane imitsi ikora. Ibimenyetso bya PPS birimo intege nke z’imitsi n’ingingo, umunaniro, ububabare bwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita, imitsi ihindagurika kandi igatakaza imbaraga, ndetse no kunanirwa kwihanganira ibicurane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya MND?

Ibimenyetso bya MND ntibigaragara mu buryo butunguranye, ahubwo biza buhoro buhoro. Mu ntangiriro, bishobora kutagaragara neza.

Ibimenyetso bya mbere

• Kugorwa no kuzamuka ingazi cyangwa gusitara kenshi bitewe n'intege nke z'amaguru cyangwa utuguru.
• Imvugo idasobanutse neza (dysarthria) .
• Kugorwa no kumira ibiryo .
• Kugabanuka k'uburyo umuntu afata ikintu runaka. Urugero, bishobora kugorana gupfunyika ishati, gufungura icupa, cyangwa ibintu ufite mu ntoki bishobora kugwa hasi buri gihe.
• Imitsi irahindagurika kandi ikagira imitsi ishyushye .
• Kugabanya ibiro bitewe n'amaboko n'amaguru binanutse.
• Kunanirwa guhagarika guseka cyangwa kurira mu bihe bitabereye (ingaruka za pseudobulbar) . Ibi ni nko guseka iyo ubabaye, cyangwa kumva ubabaye iyo wishimye.

Ibindi bimenyetso

Uretse ibi bimenyetso by'ibanze, hari n'ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara:

• Kugorwa no guhumeka (guhumeka nabi) .
• Kugorwa no guhumeka igihe uryamye ku buriri.
• Kwandura indwara zo mu gituza kenshi.
• Indwara zo gusinzira (gusinzira nabi) .
• Kutamenya no kudafata ibintu neza .
• Urujijo .
• Umutwe wo mu gitondo .
• Umunaniro .

Ni iki gitera indwara ya MND?

Nkuko twabivuze mbere, MND iterwa n'ibibazo bya moteri neurons zacu. Izi selile zigenda zihagarara gukora neza uko igihe kigenda gihita. Nyamara, abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza impamvu ibi bibaho .

MND ni umurage w'umuntu

Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe za MND zikomoka ku murage, bivuze ko zihererekanywa mu bagize umuryango binyuze mu turemangingo. Muri ibi bihe, indwara iterwa n'impinduka mu turemangingo kamwe. Izi ndwara zishobora kuragwa mu buryo bwinshi bw'ingenzi:

• ``Autosomal dominant``: Muri iki gihe, nubwo waba warazwe kopi imwe y'uturemangingo twahinduwe n'umwe mu babyeyi barwaye, haracyari ibyago byo kurwara iyi ndwara.
• "Autosomal recessive": Muri iki gihe, kugira ngo ugire indwara, ugomba kubona kopi ebyiri za gene yahinduwe ivuye ku babyeyi bombi.
• `Umurage ufitanye isano na X`: Muri ibi, umubyeyi aba afite iyi gene kuri chromosome ya X maze akanduza abana be b'abahungu indwara.

Izindi mpamvu

Indwara za MND zitari iz'umurage zishobora guterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo virusi, uburozi, imiterere y'uturemangingo, n'ibintu bidukikije .

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara indwara ya MND?

MND ikunze kwibasira abantu bari hagati y’imyaka 60 na 70. Ariko, ishobora kwibasira abana n’abantu bakuru b’imyaka iyo ari yo yose. Niba umuvandimwe wawe wa hafi afite MND, cyangwa indwara isa nayo yitwa frontotemporal dementia , uba uri mu kaga ko kurwara MND.

Ni gute abaganga bapima indwara ya MND?

MND ishobora kugorana kuyisuzuma hakiri kare, kuko nta kizamini cyihariye cyayo. Iyo ugize intege nke z'imitsi buhoro buhoro nta bubabare cyangwa ngo ugire icyo wumva, muganga wawe ashobora gukeka ko MND ari yo.

Ibibazo byabajijwe na muganga

Ushobora kwibaza ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni ibihe bice by'umubiri byangiritse ?
• Ibimenyetso byatangiye ryari?
• Ibimenyetso bya mbereBite?
• Ese ibimenyetso byarahindutse uko igihe cyagiye gihita?

Ibizamini byakozwe

Hashobora gukorwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane indwara:

• Electromyography (EMG): Iyi nyandiko igaragaza imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imitsi yawe. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya niba ikibazo kiri mu mitsi, imitsi, cyangwa aho imitsi ihurira.
• Inyigo ku mikorere y'imitsi: Ibi bipima uburyo imitsi yohereza impulses vuba.
• Isuzuma rya MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): Isuzuma rya MRI ry’ubwonko, rimwe na rimwe na MRI y’umugongo, rikorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibimenyetso bimwe.

Kugira ngo muganga agaragaze ko hari izindi ndwara, ashobora gusaba ko akorerwa ibindi bipimo:

• Gupima amaraso
• Ibipimo by'inkari
• Gupfuka umugongo (gutobora lumbar)
• Ibipimo by'uturemangingo

Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibimenyetso bya MND biragaragara cyane ku buryo hari igihe indwara ishobora gupimwa nta bipimo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura MND?

Nta muti cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura indwara y’imitsi yo mu bwonko ihari . Ariko, abashakashatsi bakomeje kwiga uburyo bwizewe kandi bufite akamaro bwo kuvura iyo ndwara.

Uzakenera gukorana n'itsinda ry'abaganga kugira ngo bagufashe guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe. Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya MND bushobora kuba burimo:

• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Ibi bifasha kugumana imbaraga z'imitsi yawe no gutuma ingingo zawe zirushaho koroha.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kumira , ushobora guhabwa ibiryo binyuze mu muyoboro (gastrostomy tube) winjijwe mu rukuta rw'inda ujya mu gifu.

Imiti

Imiti imwe ifasha abantu benshi barwaye MND kugabanya ibimenyetso byabo:

• Baclofen: Igabanya imitsi igoramye kandi ikagabanya imitsi icikagurika.
• Phenytoin cyangwa quinine: Igabanya imitsi icikagurika.
• Glycopyrrolate: Kugabanya amacandwe.
• Imiti igabanya kwiheba: Ifasha mu gihe cy'ihungabana.
• Benzodiazepines: Ku bubabare bugaragara uko indwara ikomeza.

Ku bantu barwaye ALS, hari imiti ibiri ishobora gufasha kongera igihe cyo kubaho no kugenzura igabanuka ry'imikorere y'umubiri: riluzole na edaravone .

Abantu benshi kandi bitabira igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi .

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba ufite ikibazo nk'intege nke z'imitsi, gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya mbere cya MND, ugomba kujya kwa muganga. Ushobora kuba udafite MND, ariko kubona isuzuma ryimbitse vuba bishoboka ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ubone ubuvuzi n'ubufasha ukeneye.

Nanone, niba ufite mwene wanyu wa hafi urwaye indwara ya MND cyangwa indwara yo kwibagirwa imbere mu gihe cy'ihungabana ry'umubiri (frontotemporal dementia) kandi ukaba ufite impungenge ko nawe ushobora kurwara iyi ndwara, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga. Muganga wawe ashobora no kukwohereza ku mujyanama mu by'imiterere y'umubiri kugira ngo baganire ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho.

Ni iki wakwitega mu gihe ubana n'iki kibazo?

Indwara y'imitsi ifata imiyoboro y'amaraso ni indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, bityo ni ngombwa gushaka umuganga usobanukiwe n'uburwayi bwawe kandi akagufasha kubona uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara yawe.

Ni ngombwa kandi kugira uburyo bwo kugufasha . Uko indwara yawe igenda ikura, ushobora gukenera ubufasha bwiyongereye buturutse ku bandi kugira ngo ukore ibintu bikugora. Vugana n'inshuti n'umuryango, cyangwa ubaze muganga wawe uburyo bwo kubona ubufasha mu gace utuyemo. Wibuke ko utari wenyine.

Imyaka yo kubaho y'umuntu urwaye MND ni iyihe?

Ikibabaje ni uko indwara z’imitsi yo mu bwonko zishobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyo kubaho kwawe . Izi ni indwara zigenda zikura uko igihe kigenda gihita ndetse zikanatuma umuntu apfa. Ariko, igihe bifata kugira ngo ugere kuri iyo ngingo gitandukanye bitewe n’umuntu ku giti cye. Hari abantu bamara imyaka myinshi, rimwe na rimwe ndetse n’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, mbere yo gupfa bazize ingaruka z’izo ndwara. Muganga wawe ashobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa neza uko indwara yawe izagenda/uko izagenda.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane - icyo ugomba kuvuga

Kumenya ko urwaye indwara y’imitsi yo mu bwonko (MND) bishobora gutera ubwoba kandi bigukomereye . Wibuke ko atari wowe ubyitayeho . Nta kibi wakoze. Kandi ntibihindura uwo uri we - ariko bishobora guhindura ubuzima bwawe gato. Nubwo ushobora guhura n’ibibazo uko indwara igenda itera imbere, hari uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha gucunga ingaruka. Ishingikirize ku nshuti zawe n’umuryango wawe kugira ngo bakufashe. Niba ugorwa no guhangana nabyo cyangwa ukeneye ubufasha bwiyongereye, vugana na muganga wawe. Bashobora kugufasha kubona ibikoresho ukeneye, kandi bakareba neza ko ubona ubufasha ukeneye uko igihe kigenda gihita.

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