Ese hari igihe wumva ko uburyo utekereza n'uko wumva ibintu bitandukanye gato n'iby'abandi? Cyangwa wabonye ko umwana wawe yiga, akitwara neza, kandi agasabana n'abandi mu buryo butandukanye n'ubw'abandi bana? Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri ubu bwoko bw'impinduka mu bwonko. Hari izina ryihariye ry'ibi: 'Neurodivergent'. Iyi si indwara, ariko ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya.
Mu by'ukuri se, uburyo bwo kugabanya imitsi y'ubwonko ni iki?
Mu magambo make, "Neurodivergent" bivuze ko bitewe n'uburyo ubwonko bw'umuntu bukora butandukanye, yiga, akumva, kandi akabona isi mu buryo butandukanye n'abandi bantu benshi. Ibi bivuze ko aba bantu bashobora kugira imbaraga n'ibibazo bidasanzwe abandi badafite.
Iri si ijambo ry’ubuvuzi. Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu kuvuga ku budasa bw’ubwonko bw’abantu, hatakoreshejwe amagambo "busanzwe" na "ubudasanzwe." Kuko nta muntu n'umwe ushobora gutanga ibisobanuro na bimwe by’uko ubwonko bw’umuntu bukwiye gukora "busanzwe."
Hanyuma, abatari abantu badafite ubwonko butandukanye bitwa "Neurotypical." Ni ukuvuga abadafite itandukaniro ridasanzwe rigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubwonko bwabo, kandi bakunze gutekereza nk'abantu benshi muri sosiyete.
Iri jambo ryaje rite?
Ijambo "neurodivergent" rikomoka ku ijambo "neurodiversity." Iri jambo ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu 1998 n'umuhanga mu by'imibanire y'abantu wo muri Ositaraliya witwa Judy Singer. Yashakaga kuvuga ko ubwonko bwa buri wese bukura kandi bugakora mu buryo bwe bwihariye.
Tekereza nk'ibikumwe byacu. Ndetse n'impanga zisa zifite ubwonko butandukanye. Rero, ntabwo bishoboka kuvuga neza icyo "ubwonko busanzwe" ari cyo.
Igitekerezo cy’ubusumbane bw’imitsi bivuze ko itandukaniro mu mikorere y’ubwonko atari indwara cyangwa inenge, ahubwo ari ubudasa karemano buri mu bigize ikiremwamuntu.
Ese ubu ni ubumuga?
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyo gusobanukirwa hano ni uko kuba umuntu utandukanye n'abandi mu mitsi bitavuga ko afite ubumuga. Ariko, bamwe mu bantu batandukana n'abandi mu mitsi bashobora guhura n'ingorane zitandukanye bitewe na sisitemu mu muryango wacu, mu ishuri no mu kazi. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo sisitemu igenewe abantu benshi "bafite ubumuga bwo mu mitsi".
Tekereza kuri izi ngero ebyiri.
1. Ikiganiro cy'akazi:Bamwe mu bantu ba Neurodivergent bagorwa no gusabana n'abandi. Bityo bashobora kudakora neza mu kiganiro cy'akazi. Ariko, iyo sosiyete ikora ikizamini gipima ubushobozi bwabo aho kuba ikiganiro, uwo muntu yahita abona akazi byoroshye. Iyo amaze kubona akazi, ashobora no kuba umucungamari mwiza muri sosiyete bitewe n'uburyo yita ku tuntu duto kandi akabasha kwibuka utuntu duto.
2. Ahantu harangwa urusaku: Hari abantu badashobora kwihanganira urusaku rwinshi. Bityo rero, ibiro byuzuye abantu birabababaza cyane. Ariko, iyo uhaye uwo muntu ecouteur nziza zigabanya urusaku, ashobora kwibanda ku kazi ke neza akaba umukozi mwiza mu ikipe.
Muri izi ngero zombi, inkunga n'amacumbi byabahaye byabafashije gutsinda imbogamizi zabo. Ibi ni nko kubaka inzira aho kubaka ingazi ku muntu ukoresha intebe y'abamugaye. Bisobanura kwemera ibyo batandukaniyeho no kumuha ibikoresho akeneye kugira ngo agere ku ntego ze.
Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugaragara mu bantu bafite ubwonko butandukanye?
Abantu biyita ko bafite ubwonko butandukanye akenshi baba bafite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi bikurikira: Ariko, ibuka ko ibi atari ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubuvuzi, bityo abantu bafite indwara zitari muri uru rutonde, cyangwa se abantu bose bafite izo ndwara, bashobora kwiyita ko bafite ubwonko butandukanye.
| Imiterere | Intangiriro ngufi |
|---|---|
| Indwara ya Autism Spectrum (ASD) | Impinduka mu mibanire n'abantu, itumanaho, n'imyitwarire. |
| Indwara yo kudakora cyane (ADHD) | Kugorwa no gukomeza kwita ku bintu, gukora cyane no gukora ibintu ukoresheje imbaraga nke. |
| Kunanirwa gusobanya (dyslexia) | Kugorwa no gusoma no kumenya inyuguti. |
| Kudakora neza (Discalculia) | Ingorane mu mibare n'imirimo ijyanye n'imibare. |
| Kudakora neza kw'imitsi (dyspraxie) | Kugorwa no guhuza imigendere y'umubiri. |
| Indwara ya Tourette | Amajwi cyangwa ingendo zitagenzurwa (tics). |
| Indwara zo mu mutwe nka Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Bipolar Disorder | Ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku bitekerezo, amarangamutima, n'imyitwarire. |
Namenya nte ko njye/umwana wanjye afite Neurodivergent?
Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite impinduka nk'izi, ikintu cya mbere kandi cyiza cyo gukora ni ukuganira na muganga w'umuryango wawe (umuganga). Arashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi niba bibaye ngombwa. Ibi bizagufasha kumenya niba hari ikibazo cy'uburwayi gitera imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe guhinduka.
Wibuke ko gutandukana kw'imitsi n'ubwonko bidashobora kwirindwa, kuvurwa cyangwa gukira. Ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukura k'ubwonko bwa buri wese. Ariko, niba hari indwara ibitera (nka ADHD), irashobora gucungwa. Hariho uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire, imiti, na gahunda zishobora kugufasha gukoresha neza imbaraga zawe no gutsinda mu buzima.
Ni gute twafasha umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kutagira ubwonko?
Niba ufite umuntu ubana n'indwara z'ubwonko mu muryango wawe, mu nshuti zawe, cyangwa mu kazi, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo umufashe.
- Tega amatwi: Aba bantu bakunze kumva ko nta muntu ubasobanukiwe. Rero batege amatwi. Batume bumva ko wubaha ibitekerezo byabo n'amahitamo yabo.
- Vugana mu buryo bworoshye kuri bo: Hari abantu bakunda kuvugana binyuze mu butumwa bugufi cyangwa ubutumwa bugufi aho kuvugana imbonankubone. Bahe umwanya n'amahirwe yo kubikora.
- Ntukiyitirire: Irinde amagambo nka "ufite imikorere ikomeye" cyangwa "ufite imikorere mike." Aya magambo akenshi apima gusa uko witwara nk'umuntu usanzwe.
- Abantu bose si kimwe:Ndetse n'abantu babiri bafite indwara imwe (urugero: autism) bashobora gutandukana rwose. Rero ntugatekereze ko abantu bose ari bamwe bitewe n'umuntu umwe.
- Ntukibwire ko udafite ubushobozi cyangwa ubwenge: Abantu badafite ubushobozi bwo kuvuga ibintu bitandukanye bashobora gusa n'abandi bitewe n'uko batandukaniye. Ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko badafite ubushobozi cyangwa ubwenge buke. Fata buri wese icyubahiro.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kugabanya imikorere y'ubwonko si indwara cyangwa inenge. Ni uburyo ubwonko bwacu bukora butandukanye.
- Aba bantu bafite imbaraga zidasanzwe abandi badafite, ndetse n'ibibazo bahura na byo mu buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
- Amagambo ashobora guhindura ubuzima bw'umuntu. Kwemera umuntu nk'"utandukanye" bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwigirira icyizere no kwishima kwe kuruta kumwita "urwaye" cyangwa "ufite inenge."
- Abantu bahindura imikorere y'imitsi bashobora kugira icyo bageraho mu rwego urwo arirwo rwose iyo basobanuwe neza, bashyigikiwe, kandi bagahabwa ubufasha bukenewe.
- Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite gushidikanya kuri ibi, ntimuzigere mufata ibyemezo ubwanyu. Ni ngombwa cyane kugisha inama muganga wawe (umuganga) kugira ngo akugire inama .











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