Ese umwana wawe ni umugome cyane kandi ntagandukira ibintu byose? Reka twige ibyerekeye ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)!

Ese hari igihe umwana wawe yanga kukumva agatangira kurwana? Ni ibisanzwe ko abana bitwara muri ubu buryo bakiri bato, cyane cyane iyo bafite imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu, ndetse n'iyo bamaze gukura gato (hagati y'imyaka 13 cyangwa 14). Ariko niba uku gutsimbarara no kutumvira bikomeje amezi arenga atandatu, kandi bisa nkaho ari ibisanzwe ugereranyije n'imyaka yabo, bishobora kuba indwara yitwa ODD. Reka tubiganireho birambuye, ntugahangayike, nitumara gusobanukirwa ibi bintu, hari uburyo twagufasha.

ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) ni indwara yo mu mutwe aho umwana agaragaza ingeso yo kudashyigikirana, kutumvira, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kwanga abantu bakuru (nk'ababyeyi n'abarimu) . Iyi myitwarire ishobora kubangamira cyane ibikorwa by'umwana bya buri munsi, imibanire ye n'iy'ishuri.

Tekereza, ubwiye umwana wawe gushyira ibikinisho ku ruhande nyuma yo gukina. Hanyuma akavuga ati "Sinshobora, wowe ubwawe ubishyire kure," cyangwa akigira nk'utakumva. Ni ibisanzwe ko ibi bibaho rimwe cyangwa kabiri. Ariko niba ibi bintu bibaho buri gihe, mu gihe kirenga amezi atandatu, kandi bikomeye kandi bidahuye n'imyaka y'umwana , twagombye gutekereza ku bintu bidasanzwe.

Igikuru ni uko atari buri mwana wese ufite ODD uba ari "umwana mubi". Iyi ni indwara idashobora kwitabwaho kandi isaba kuvurwa.

Ni ibihe bindi bibazo by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bishobora kubaho kuri ODD?

Abana benshi n'urubyiruko bafite indwara ya ODD nabo bafite indi ndwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi zo mu mutwe. Ibi nabyo ni ingenzi kuko byose bigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kubavura.

• Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD): Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara kuri ODD.
• Indwara zo guhangayika: Urugero, ibintu nk'ubwoba budafite ishingiro n'indwara yo kwiheba ishingiye ku bwenge (OCD) .
• Itandukaniro mu myigire: Abana bamwe bashobora kugira ingorane mu myigire.
• Indwara z'amarangamutima: Indwara nk'ihungabana .
• Indwara zo kugenzura impulse.

Abana bagera kuri 30% bafite ODD nyuma bazarwara indwara ikomeye cyane yitwa Conduct Disorder (CD) . Iyo ODD idasuzumwe neza kandi ivurwa, ibi bimenyetso bishobora gukomeza kugeza mu bantu bakuru.

Indwara yo mu mutwe (CD) ni iki? Ese ni mbi kurusha ODD?

Indwara y'imyitwarire (CD) ni indwara aho umwana cyangwa umuntu ukiri muto yitwara nabi ku bandi kandi agahora yica amategeko n'amahame yemewe muri sosiyete . Dushobora kuvuga ko ikabije gato kurusha ODD.

Bimwe mu biranga abana bafite CD ni ibi bikurikira:

• Gusubiramo amategeko akomeye. Urugero, guhunga mu rugo, kutumva iyo ubwirwa kutajya hanze nijoro, no gusiba ishuri.
• Kugira ubugome mu buryo bubangamira abandi. Tekereza ibintu nko gutoteza abandi bana, kurwana, cyangwa guhohotera inyamaswa.
• Kubeshya, kwiba no gusenya ibintu by'abandi nkana .

Abana bafite CD bakunze gukomereka cyane, kandi bagorwa no kumvikana n'inshuti zabo.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya ODD na ADHD?

Izi ndwara ebyiri zikunze kwitiranywa. Abana bagera kuri 40% bafite ADHD (indwara yo kudashaka kwita ku bintu/gukora cyane) bashobora no kugira ikibazo cyo kudakora neza cyangwa ikibazo cy’imyitwarire gifitanye isano na cyo. Nubwo byombi bishobora kubana, ni indwara ebyiri zitandukanye.

• ODD ivuga ku myitwarire y'umwana n'uburyo akorana n'ababyeyi be, abavandimwe be, abarimu be n'inshuti ze.
• ADHD ni indwara y’imitsi ituma umwana ahora asa n’aho ahugiye mu mikorere ye, akagira ingorane zo kuguma mu buryo buteguye ibintu, kandi agahora adatuje.

Mu magambo make, umwana urwaye ADHD ashobora kutumvira bitewe no kubura umutuzo no kutagira icyo yitaho. Ariko umwana urwaye ADHD akunda kwica amategeko nkana, gutongana no kwanga .

Ni bande bakunze kwibasirwa n’indwara ya ODD? Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Indwara ya ODD ikunze kugaragara mu bana no mu rubyiruko. Ariko rimwe na rimwe ishobora no kwibasira abantu bakuru. Akenshi itangira ahagana ku myaka 8. Hari abana bakura iyo bakuze, cyangwa bakagenda bakira iyo bavuwe neza. Ariko kuri bamwe, ibi bimenyetso bishobora gukomeza kugeza bakuze.

Nubwo ODD ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bahungu kurusha abakobwa mu bwana, igira ingaruka ku bagabo n'abagore bombi kimwe mu gihe cy'ubukure.

Ibintu bishobora gutera umwana wawe kugira ikibazo cyo kutagira ubumuga birimo:

• Guhohoterwa cyangwa kutitabwaho n'abana.
• Niba umubyeyi cyangwa umurera afite ikibazo cyo kwiheba , cyangwa afite ibibazo byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa inzoga .
• Guhura n'urugomo.
• Kugira imyitwarire ihora ihinduka no kutagira ubuyobozi bw'abantu bakuru.
• Ubudahangarwa mu muryango. Urugero, ababyeyi batandukana, kwimuka kenshi, guhindura amashuri kenshi.
• Ibibazo by'ubukungu by'umuryango.
• Niba ababyeyi bafite cyangwa bafite ibibazo by’imyitwarire mibi, ADHD, cyangwa izindi ngorane z’imyitwarire.

Ni mu rugero rungana iki ibintu bitazwi neza?

Abashakashatsi bavuga ko hagati ya 2% na 11% by'abanaIngaruka za ODD. Impamvu y'ubu buryo bwinshi ni uko bamwe mu bana bashobora gufatwa nk'abafite ikibazo cy'imyitwarire mibi, kandi iyo ndwara ntimenyekana neza mu bana bato. Ubwinshi bwa ODD bugabanuka uko imyaka igenda ishira.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya ODD? Ubimenya ute?

Ibimenyetso bya ODD bikunze gutangirira ku myaka 8. Ibi bimenyetso biguma ku rugero ruhoraho hagati y’imyaka 5 na 10, hanyuma akenshi (nubwo atari buri gihe) bigatangira kugabanuka.

Nubwo ibi bimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ahantu henshi, nko mu rugo no ku ishuri, bishobora kugaragara cyane mu rugo cyangwa ku ishuri .

Ibimenyetso bya ODD bishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Uburakari n'umujinya.

2. Gutongana no kutumvira.

3. Impamvu yo kwihorera.

Byongeye kandi, abana benshi barwaye ODD bashobora kugira ihindagurika ry’amarangamutima, kurakara vuba, kwiyizera nabi, ndetse bashobora no gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge n’inzoga.

Uburakari n'uburakari

Ibi bimenyetso ni bimwe mu bigize indwara ya ODD. Niba umwana wawe afite ODD, ushobora kubona ibintu nk'ibi:

• Arakara vuba.
• Guhorana uburakari no kugaragaza inzika .
• Ndetse n'ibintu bito cyane abandi bakora bishobora kugukomeretsa kandi bigatuma urakara .
• Kurakara no kuvuga mu buryo butubashye .

Impaka n'imyitwarire yo kutumvira

Iki nacyo ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cya ODD. Umwana wawe ashobora kwitwara gutya:

• Gutongana n'abantu bakuru cyane.
• Banga nkana kumvira ibyifuzo n'amategeko.
• Bashinja abandi amakosa yabo.
• Kugerageza kurakara no kubabaza abandi nkana .

Impamvu yo kwihorera

Dore bimwe mu bimenyetso bya ODD bigaragaza kwihorera:

• Kugira inzika no gushaka kwihorera.
• Iyo urakaye kandi ukababara, uvuga amagambo mabi kandi akomeretsa .

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ODD?

Nta mpamvu imwe ihari itera ODD. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibinyabuzima, imiterere y'uturemangingo, n'ibidukikije .

Ingaruka z'uturemangingo

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hafi 50% bya ODD ari imiterere y’umubiri . Abana benshi n’urubyiruko bafite ODD bafite abo mu muryango wabo ba hafi bafite ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nk’indwara z’ibyiyumvo, indwara zo guhangayika, n’indwara z’imico . Nanone, abana benshi bafite ODD bafite izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe, nka ADHD, ubumuga bwo kwiga, kwiheba, no guhangayika, bityo bikaba byitezwe ko hashobora kuba hari isano iri hagati y’izi ndwara.

Impamvu z'ibinyabuzima

Ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe bwerekana ko ibibazo by’imyitwarire bishobora guterwa n’impinduka mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’ubwonko. Byongeye kandi, ODD ishobora guterwa n’ibibazo by’imiti yitwa neurotransmitters, ifasha kohereza ubutumwa hagati y’uturemangingo tw’imitsi mu bwonko . Iyo iyi miti idakora neza cyangwa idakora neza, ubutumwa ntibushobora kunyura mu bwonko neza, kandi ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho.

Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije

Ubuzima bw'umuryango burangwa n'akajagari , ihohoterwa rishingiye ku bana, n'imyitwarire idahwitse ku babyeyi bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya ODD. Kwangwa n'abo mu rungano , amatsinda mabi y'abo mu rungano , ubukene , ihohoterwa ryo mu gace , n'ibindi bintu bihindagurika mu mibereho cyangwa mu bukungu nabyo bishobora kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya ODD.

Icy'ingenzi: Kuba umwana afite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi ntibisobanura ko azarwara indwara ya ODD. Nanone, ODD ishobora kubaho nta na kimwe muri ibi. Ibi ni ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago gusa.

Wamenya ute ko ufite indwara ya ODD? (Isuzuma)

Abahanga mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe basuzuma indwara ya ODD iyo umwana agaragaje nibura ibimenyetso bine mu byavuzwe mu gitabo cy'indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5) mu gihe kirenga amezi atandatu . Ibimenyetso bigomba kandi kuba bikomeye bihagije ku buryo bibangamira ubuzima bw'umwana bwa buri munsi .

Niba umwana wawe agaragaza ibimenyetso bya ODD, agomba kubonana n'umuganga w'imitekerereze y'abana n'ingimbi cyangwa abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe . Aba bahanga mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bakoresha ibiganiro n'isuzuma byagenewe umwana wawe kugira ngo barebe niba afite ikibazo cyo mu mutwe.

Akenshi, abaganga b'indwara zo mu mutwe n'abashakashatsi mu by'imitekerereze babona amakuru aturutse ku babyeyi, abavandimwe, inshuti n'abarimu kugira ngo basobanukirwe neza imyitwarire y'umwana.

Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'umwana wawe cyangwa inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'umwana wawe azakenera gusuzuma umwana wawe neza no gutandukanya indwara ya ODD n'izindi ndwara zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa, nko:

• Imyitwarire yo kwigaragambya mu buryo bworoheje cyangwa buringaniye.
• ADHD itaravurwa (indwara yo kudashaka kwita ku bintu/gukora cyane) .
• Indwara z'amarangamutima.
• Indwara zo guhangayika na OCD (indwara yo kwiheba no guhangayika).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya ODD?

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya ODD buterwa n'ibintu byinshi, urugero:

• Imyaka y'umwana wawe.
• Ubukana bw'ibimenyetso.
• Ubushobozi bw'umwana bwo kwitabira no kwihanganira ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe.
• Niba umwana afite izindi ndwara nka ADHD, ubumuga bwo kwiga, cyangwa OCD.

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ya ODD bugomba kuba bukubiyemo umwana, umuryango wawe, n'ishuri umwana yigamo .

Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bugizwe n'ibi bintu bikurikira:

• Amahugurwa ku micungire y'ababyeyi (PMT).
• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze (ubuvuzi bwo kuvugana).
• Ibikorwa by’ishuri.

Amahugurwa ku micungire y'ababyeyi (PMT)

Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura imyitwarire inyuranye ifitanye isano na ODD. Butoza ababyeyi uburyo bwo guhindura imyitwarire y'abana babo mu rugo bakoresheje uburyo bwiza bwo kubashyigikira kugira ngo bagabanye imyitwarire idakwiye kandi bongere imyitwarire myiza.

Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwa gahunda z'amahugurwa. Izi akenshi ziba zigizwe n'amasomo menshi mu gihe cy'ibyumweru byinshi. Muri ayo masomo, ababyeyi biga kumenya imyitwarire igoramye ndetse n'imikoranire myiza no gutanga ibihano bikwiye cyangwa ibitekerezo byiza.

Uburyo bwa PMT bwagaragaye ko bufasha cyane kugabanya ibibazo by'imyitwarire mu miryango itandukanye, mu byiciro bitandukanye.

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze

Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze ni ijambo rusange risobanura uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bugufasha kumenya no guhindura ibyiyumvo, ibitekerezo, n'imyitwarire ifite ibibazo. Gukorana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, nk'inzobere mu by'imitekerereze cyangwa indwara zo mu mutwe, bishobora gutanga ubufasha, uburezi, n'ubuyobozi ku mwana wawe n'umuryango wawe.

Bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kuvura indwara ya psychotherapy bushobora gufasha kuvura indwara ya ODD ni:

Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire mu bwenge (CBT)

Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bufite gahunda, bushingiye ku ntego, kandi bushingiye ku muntu ku giti cye . Umuganga afasha umwana gusuzuma byimbitse ibitekerezo bye n'ibyiyumvo bye. Umwana yumva uburyo ibitekerezo bye bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa bye. Binyuze muri CBT, umwana ashobora kwiga kureka ibitekerezo n'imyitwarire mibi no kugira imiterere myiza y'imitekerereze n'ingeso . Amahugurwa yo gucunga uburakari ashingiye kuri CBT afasha cyane abana bafite ibibazo byo gucunga uburakari. Ku bana bakuru, amahugurwa yo gukemura ibibazo no gufata imyanzuro ni ingirakamaro.

Ubuvuzi bwibanda ku muryango

Ubu buvuzi ni ubw'abana bafite ODD n'ababitaho. Muri ubu buvuzi, umwana n'umuryango bitabira ibiganiro byo kuvura hamwe kugira ngo bahabwe uburere bwo mu mutwe ku bijyanye na ODD, bateze imbere ubumenyi mu itumanaho, kandi bateze imbere ubumenyi mu gukemura ibibazo.Kwiga. Ibi bishobora gufasha kumenya ibintu biri mu rugo bigira uruhare mu imyitwarire y'ubugizi bwa nabi cyangwa bikayirushaho gukomera.

Ingamba zo mu ishuri

Ingamba zo gufasha zifasha kunoza akazi ko mu ishuri, imibanire n'abandi, n'ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kuvura indwara ya ODD.

Izi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo:

• Guha abarimu b'umwana uburezi n'ibikoresho kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imyitwarire mu ishuri.
• Amayeri yo gukumira imyitwarire ihungabanya cyangwa irushaho kuba mibi iyo myitwarire.
• Ubundi buryo bwo gufasha umwana wawe gukurikiza amategeko y'ishuri n'imibanire myiza yemewe.

Hari imiti ivura indwara ya ODD?

Nubwo nta miti yemewe ku mugaragaro yo kuvura indwara ya ODD, umuganga w'umwana wawe cyangwa umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe ashobora kuguha imiti yo kuvura izindi ndwara ashobora kuba afite, nka ADHD, OCD, cyangwa kwiheba . Iyo izi ndwara zitavuwe, zishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bya ODD birushaho kwiyongera.

Ni iyihe gahunda y'ejo hazaza ya ODD? (Ibisobanuro)

Abana bafite ikibazo cy’ihungabana bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye ku ishuri, mu rugo no mu mibanire n’abandi.

Indwara yoroheje cyangwa iri hagati y’indwara ya ODD ikunze kwiyongera uko umuntu agenda akura. Ariko, indwara zikomeye zishobora kuvamo indwara y’imyitwarire .

Igipimo cyo kurwara indwara ya ODD gishobora kuba kibi bitewe no kubura ubuvuzi n'ubufasha bw'ababyeyi. Ariko, iyo habayeho kuvurwa neza n'izindi ndwara zifata indi ntera (nka ADHD cyangwa OCD), ubuvuzi bw'umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa umuryango, ndetse no kurera neza, hashobora kubaho umusaruro mwiza.

Ese ODD ishobora kwirindwa?

ODD ishobora kutakwirindwa burundu. Ariko, kumenya no gukora ku bimenyetso bikimara kugaragara bishobora kugabanya stress ku mwana no ku muryango. Bishobora kandi gufasha gukumira ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano n'iyi ndwara. Imiryango ishobora kandi kwiga icyo gukora mu gihe ibimenyetso byongeye kugaruka.

Byongeye kandi, gushyiraho urugo rwiza, rushyigikira kandi ruhamye bishobora gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso no gukumira imyitwarire mibi.

Ni gute wakwita ku mwana ufite ikibazo cy'uburwayi bw'imburagihe? Inama ku babyeyi

Niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cy’uburwayi bw’ingorabahizi, uretse gutanga ubuvuzi bw’inzobere, dore uburyo bumwe na bumwe ushobora kumufasha wowe n’umwana wawe:

• Ubanze ku byiza: Shimira umwana wawe iyo agaragaje ubworoherane cyangwa inkunga, umuhe ibitekerezo byiza , kandi ushimire n'igikorwa cyiza gito cyane.
• Fata umwanya wo kuruhuka niba ari ngombwa: Niba wumva ko urimo urushaho kugorana n'umwana wawe aho kumugira mwiza, haguruka gato.Uru ni urugero rwiza ku mwana. Niba umwana ahisemo kuruhuka kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu bibi birushaho kuba bibi, mushyigikire.
• Jya uhora uhoraho: Shyiraho imipaka ijyanye n'imyaka yawe, kandi ikwiye, hamwe n'ingaruka ku myitwarire mibi. Shyira mu bikorwa buri gihe. Jya uhora uhoraho ku mategeko. Ntukavuge ikintu kimwe uyu munsi n'ikindi ejo.
• Witeho: Komeza gukora ibintu wishimira n'ibikorwa ukunda, kandi witeho (kwitaho) . Korana n'abandi bantu bakuru bashinzwe kwita ku mwana wawe, kandi ugerageze gushaka ubufasha bwabo. Niwaba umeze neza gusa ni bwo ushobora gufasha umwana wawe.
• Shaka inama kwa muganga: Niba umwana wawe yanduye indwara ya ODD, ariko imyitwarire ye ikarushaho kuba mibi cyangwa ikabangamira ubuzima bw'umuryango cyangwa iy'ishuri, vugana n'inzobere mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Niba umwana wawe agaragaza imyitwarire yangiza abandi (abandi bana cyangwa inyamaswa) , shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse.

Amaherezo, ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Guhangana n'abana b'abagome kandi bahungabanya cyane bishobora kuba ingorabahizi ku babyeyi. Nubwo ari ibisanzwe ko abana bato n'abana bato rimwe na rimwe bagaragaza imyitwarire yo kubarwanya, imyitwarire idashira kandi ibangamira ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder).

Ni ingenzi cyane gutangira kuvurwa indwara ya ODD hakiri kare . Intambwe ya mbere mu kuvura ni ukuganira na muganga cyangwa umujyanama mu by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe . Ntutinye kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe. Ntabwo uri wenyine , kandi hari abantu benshi bashobora kugufasha guhangana n'iki kibazo.

Wibuke ko ODD atari ikosa ry'umwana cyangwa iryawe. Ubisobanukiwe, ushobora gufasha umwana wawe ubigiranye urukundo, kwihangana, n'ubuyobozi bukwiye.

` ODD, Imyitwarire mibi, Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bw'umwana, Abana batumvira, Inama ku babyeyi, Gukomera, Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire