Tekereza ko ugize impanuka mu buryo butunguranye uri kugenda mu muhanda, cyangwa umuntu uri mu rugo akagira ububabare mu gituza agatakaza ubwenge. Muri iyo mimerere, ikintu cya mbere dukora dufite ubwoba ni uguhamagara 1990. Mu minota mike, imbangukiragutabara iraza ifite siren. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku muntu uri muri iyo mbangukiragutabara, usa n'umuganga, ariko atari umuganga, kandi wahawe amahugurwa atangaje yo kurokora ubuzima bwawe. Uwo ni umuganga w'inzobere witwa paramedic.
Mu by'ukuri ni nde mukozi w'ubutabazi bw'ibanze?
Muri make, umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima ni umuhanga mu by’ubuzima wabigize umwuga utanga ubuvuzi bwihutirwa mbere yo kujyanwa kwa muganga mu gihe habaye impanuka cyangwa impanuka. Mu by’ukuri, ni umwe mu bashinzwe ubutabazi bwa mbere. Ni ukuvuga ko ari bo ba mbere bagera aho habaye ikibazo cy’ubutabazi bakabafasha.
Aba bantu bari mu gitutu gikomeye kandi bagomba gufata ibyemezo bikomeye mu masegonda make. Bahita bafata icyemezo cy’uko umurwayi amerewe, imiti bamuha, n’icyo bakora kugira ngo barokore ubuzima bwabo kugeza bageze kwa muganga.
Wibuke ko umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi atari umuganga. Ariko bashobora gukora ibintu byinshi nk’ibyo bakora mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU) ry’ibitaro imbere muri ambulance. Ibi byongera cyane amahirwe yo kurokora ubuzima bw’umurwayi.
Itsinda ry’Abakozi b’Ubutabazi bw’Ingoboka (EMS) n’abanyamuryango baryo
Iyo uhamagaye ikigo cyita ku butabazi bwihuse nko mu 1990, itsinda ry’abakozi bashinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (EMS) riraza. Ikigo cyita ku butabazi bwihuse ni nk'umuyobozi w'iki kigo. Hari n'abandi bagize iri tsinda. Reka tumenye bike kuri bo.
| Urwego rw'umwuga | Ukora iki? (Byoroshye) |
|---|---|
| Umukozi ushinzwe ubutabazi bwihutirwa (EMR) | Uyu ni umuntu ufite imyitozo yoroheje. Ashobora gufasha mu bikoresho bike, nko gushyira igitutu ku gikomere kugira ngo amaraso ahagarike no gukora CPR mu gihe umuntu yakubiswe. |
| Umuhanga mu by'ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (EMT) | Aba bantu bafite amahugurwa yihariye kurusha EMR. Bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho by'ibanze biri muri ambulance kugira ngo umurwayi akomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza kugeza ageze kwa muganga. Bamwe mu baganga ba EMT bafite amahugurwa ahanitse nabo bemerewe gukora ubuvuzi bugoye kurushaho. |
| Indwara z'ubutabazi | Uyu ni umuntu watojwe cyane kandi wujuje ibisabwa mu ikipe. Ashobora gukoresha ibikoresho byose bigezweho mu modoka y’imbangukiragutabara, gukora ubuvuzi bugoye bwihutirwa, kugenzura abandi banyamuryango, no kuyobora ikipe. |
Itandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati ya EMT na Paramedic
Ubu ubizi, EMT n'umukozi w'ubutabazi bw'ibanze ni abantu babiri batandukanye. Nubwo bombi bakora akazi keza ko kurokora ubuzima, amahugurwa y'umukozi w'ubutabazi bw'ibanze ni ingenzi cyane. Bityo, bafite uburenganzira n'ubumenyi bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho biri muri ambulance no gukora ubuvuzi bugoye (nko gutera imiti mu mitsi) bushobora kwangiza umurwayi mu gihe bikozwe nabi. EMT ntiyemerewe gukora ibintu nk'ibyo.
Umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi akora iki?
Ibintu umuganga w’inzobere akora mu gihe cy’ubutabazi ni byinshi cyane. Dore bimwe mu byo ashobora gukora kugira ngo akomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza kugeza igihe ajyanywe kwa muganga:
- Gukusanya amaraso: Ingero z'amaraso zishobora gukusanywa kugira ngo hakoreshwe ibizamini bikenewe.
- Gusubiza umutima mu gihaha (CPR): CPR ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo umuntu ahumure yagize ikibazo cy'umutima.
- Gutanga umunyu mu mitsi (IV fluids): Umunyu ushobora gutangizwa no kugumana umuntu ufite amazi make mu mubiri.
- Gufasha mu guhumeka: Umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka ashobora gufashwa mu bintu nk'udupfukamunwa two mu maso n'imiti y'ubuhumekero y'ubukorano.
- Gukora no gusoma ibizamini bya EKG: Hashobora gukorwa Electrocardiograms (EKGs) zigenzura imikorere y'umutima, ibisubizo bigasobanurwa, kandi hagatangira kuvurwa.
- Kugarura umuvuduko w'umutima: Umuntu ufite umutima utera nabi ashobora kugarura umuvuduko w'umutima we binyuze mu guhindagurika kw'amaraso mu buryo bw'amashanyarazi no mu buryo bwo kuvura indwara.
- Kugenzura kuva amaraso menshi: Kuva amaraso menshi bishobora guhagarikwa hakoreshejwe imbaraga zikomeye ku gikomere no gukoresha ibikoresho nka tourniquets.
- Gutuza imvune: Iyo ikintu nk'ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru cyavunitse, imigozi cyangwa udupira bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo bikomeze kugenda.
- Gutanga imiti:Imiti ishobora gutangwa mu buryo butandukanye, nko guterwa mu mitsi cyangwa mu mitsi.
- Gufasha mu kubyara: Bahuguwe mu gufasha mu kubyara byihutirwa, ndetse no mu gihe habayeho ibibazo.
Bakorera he?
Akenshi tubona abaganga b’inkeragutabara bari mu modoka z’imbangukiragutabara cyangwa kajugujugu zikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa. Bahora bari mu rugendo. Bagera aho ari ho hose, bavuye ku mpanuka mu muhanda ugana iwawe.
Byongeye kandi, bamwe mu bakozi b'ubutabazi bakora no mu zindi nzego. Urugero:
- Ahantu hahurira abantu benshi hashobora kubaho impanuka, nko mu mikino n'ibitaramo by'umuziki.
- Bakora kandi mu bitaro bimwe na bimwe no mu bigo byita ku barwayi bihutirwa.
Ni gute waba umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi?
Uyu mwuga usaba ubwitange n'amahugurwa menshi. Inzira isanzwe yo kuba umuganga wita ku buzima bw'abarwayi ku isi ni iyi ikurikira. (Iyi nzira ishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'igihugu).
1. Uburezi bw'ibanze: Ni ngombwa kuba warize kugeza ku rwego rwa A kandi ukaba ufite ubumenyi buhagije mu masomo ya biology. Kubona icyemezo cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze nka CPR nabyo ni akarusho.
2. Amahugurwa ya EMT: Mbere yo kuba umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi, ugomba kwitoza nka EMT. Kugira ngo ubigereho, ugomba kwiga amasomo yihariye.
3. Uburambe mu kazi nka EMT: Nyuma yo guhabwa icyemezo cya EMT, ugomba kugira uburambe mu gukora nka EMT mu gihe runaka (kuva ku mezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 2).
4. Kwiga amasomo y’ubutabazi bw’ibanze: Nyuma y’ibyo, uzagira amahirwe yo kwiga impamyabumenyi, impamyabumenyi cyangwa impamyabumenyi kugira ngo ube umutabazi w’ibanze. Ibi bishobora gufata kuva ku mwaka umwe kugeza kuri ine.
5. Kubona impamyabumenyi/abahawe uruhushya rw'igihugu n'urwa leta: Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo, ugomba gutsinda ibizamini byanditse n'iby'imyitozo no kubona uruhushya rwemewe n'amategeko (uruhushya) rwo gukora nk'umuganga wita ku buzima bw'abarwayi.
6. Kubona akazi: Nyuma yo kurangiza ibi byose ni bwo ushobora gutangira gukora nk'umuganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuzima.
Uru rugendo ubusanzwe rumara imyaka myinshi. Ibi bigaragaza ubumenyi n'amahugurwa bafite mbere yuko baza muri iyi serivisi.
Iyo habaye ikibazo cyihutirwa cy’ubuvuzi, abaganga b’inkeragutabara ni bo batandukanya ubuzima n’urupfu mu bihe bikomeye. Buri munota urahambaye. Ndetse n’intera ngufi ugera ku bitaro ishobora gutinza ubuvuzi bumwe na bumwe. Muri ako kanya, abaganga b’inkeragutabara baraza bakaguha ubuvuzi burokora ubuzima.
Bitewe n'imimerere yawe, ushobora kutabona cyangwa ngo uvugishe neza umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuvuzi, ariko ushobora kwizera ko bafite amahugurwa n'uburambe byo kukwitaho igihe ukeneye ubufasha cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima ni umuhanga mu by’ubuzima wabyigiye cyane utanga ubuvuzi bwihutirwa mbere yo kugera kwa muganga.
- Bari mu itsinda ry’abakozi bashinzwe ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (EMS) kandi bafite amahugurwa n’impamyabushobozi byo hejuru kurusha abandi banyamuryango, nka EMTs na EMRs.
- Bashobora gukora ubuvuzi bugoye, nko gukora EKGs, gutanga imiti iterwa mu mitsi, gufasha guhumeka, no guhagarika kuva amaraso menshi, muri iyo mbangukiragutabara.
- Igikorwa cyabo cyihuse kandi cy’ubuhanga ni ingenzi cyane mu kurokora ubuzima bw’umurwayi mu gihe cy’impanuka.
- Iyo uhamagaye serivisi nka 911 mu gihe cy’impanuka, umuyobozi w’itsinda uza kugufasha akenshi aba ari umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubutabazi.
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