Urabyumva ko umukobwa wawe w'imyaka ibiri n'igice avuga bike ugereranyije na mukuru we wari ufite icyo gihe, si byo se? Nk'uko ushobora kuba ubizi, abana bato biga ubumenyi bw'ururimi—ni ukuvuga uburyo bwo kuvuga no kumva—mu bihe bitandukanye no ku muvuduko utandukanye. Ibi ni ukuri no ku bavandimwe bo mu muryango umwe. Rero, nk'umubyeyi cyangwa se, ni byiza cyane ko wumva ufite ubwoba cyangwa gushidikanya. "Ese umwana wanjye avuga nk'uko bikwiye bitewe n'imyaka ye?" Iki ni ikibazo ababyeyi benshi bibaza. Kubwibyo, reka tuvuge uyu munsi kuri uku gutinda k'ururimi. Reka tuganire neza ku "bisanzwe" kuri iki gihe n'igihe twagombye guhangayikishwa gato.
Ni iki twagombye kwitega ku mwana w'imyaka ibiri?
Noneho reka turebe icyo twakwitega ku mwana wawe mu bijyanye n'ururimi—ni ukuvuga ubushobozi bwo kuvuga—igihe azaba afite imyaka ibiri gusa. Ariko, nyamuneka wibuke ko aya ari amabwiriza rusange. Buri mwana aratandukanye. Hari abana bashobora kuba bari imbere gato cyangwa inyuma y'izi ntambwe. Bamwe bashobora kuvuga mbere, abandi nyuma gato. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko, kwita kuri izi ngingo ni ingenzi cyane kuri wowe no ku mwana wawe.
- Gutangira gukoresha interuro z'amagambo abiri: Muri iki kigero, ushobora kubona umwana wawe agerageza guhuza amagambo abiri kugira ngo akore interuro ngufi, nka "Mama umuceri," "Ndashaka amazi," "Gira umupira," "Sala ugiye," cyangwa "Oya mwana." Niba umwana wawe agerageje kugaragaza icyo ashaka akoresheje amagambo abiri, nubwo bigoye, ni ikimenyetso cyiza cy'iterambere ry'ururimi rwe. Kugaragaza ibyo akeneye, ibyo akunda, n'ibyo yanga ukoresheje interuro nka "Ndakwinginze cyane," "Oya ibyo," cyangwa "Umupira wanjye" na byo biri muri iki cyiciro.
- Ubushobozi bwo kumva no gukurikiza amabwiriza yoroheje y'intambwe ebyiri: Umwana wawe agomba kuba ashobora kumva no gukurikiza amabwiriza abiri yoroshye yikurikiranya. Urugero, niba uvuze uti "Fata igikinisho cyawe ukishyire mu gasanduku," reba niba asobanukiwe hanyuma ugerageze gukora intambwe zombi - gufata imodoka ukayishyira mu gasanduku. Urundi rugero rwaba "Ambara inkweto zawe usohoka." Ushobora kuba ukeneye kumufasha gato mbere na mbere, ariko icy'ingenzi ni uko abyumva kandi akagerageza kubikora. Ibi bigaragaza ko ashobora kumva, kumva, kwibuka no gukora ibyo ategetswe. Ubu bushobozi ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo umuntu yige indimi kurushaho.
- Ubushobozi bwo kumenya no kwita amazina ibintu byoroshye: Iyo werekanye ibintu bisanzwe byo mu rugo cyangwa ibikinisho byabo ukababaza uti "Iki ni iki?", bagomba kuba bashobora kuvuga nibura bike, nka "Umupira," "Imodoka," "Imbwa," "Intebe," cyangwa "Icupa ry'amata." Bashishikarize kuvuga no kuvuga amazina y'ibintu babona n'ibyo bakunda. Ibi bibafasha kwagura amagambo yabo.
- Amagambo y'amagambo nibura 50: Kugeza ubu, ubwenge bwabo buto bwagombaga kuba bwarabitse nibura amagambo 50. Biragoye kubara neza, sibyo? Ariko niba witaye ku magambo bakoresha kenshi n'amagambo mashya bongera mu mvugo yabo, ushobora kubona igitekerezo kidasobanutse neza. Hari igihe amagambo yabo ashobora kuba adasobanutse neza, cyangwa imivugire yabo ishobora kuba idatunganye. Ariko kuba bagerageza gukoresha amagambo kugira ngo bigaragaze ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi.
- Imvugo yumvikana nibura 50% ku babyeyi: Nibura kimwe cya kabiri (50%) cy'ibyo umwana wawe avuga kigomba kumvikana kuri wewe—mama cyangwa se—cyangwa undi wese urera umwana kenshi. Abandi, nk'abavandimwe cyangwa abaturanyi, bashobora kutumva ibyo bavuga byose, kandi icyo si ikibazo gikomeye muri iki gihe. Kubera ko umarana nabo igihe kinini, uba uzi neza "ururimi rwabo ruto." Rero, niba ushobora kumva nibura 50% by'ibyo bashaka kuvuga, bishobora gufatwa nk'urwego rwiza.
Icyo umuntu yakwitega hagati y'imyaka ibiri n'itatu (ku myaka 3)
Uko umwana arengeje imyaka ibiri yegereje imyaka itatu, amagambo ye atangira kwiyongera vuba, kandi ubushobozi bwe bwo gusobanukirwa ibintu buriyongera cyane. Reka turebe icyo twakwitega ku mwana ku myaka itatu.
- Ubushobozi bwo gukoresha interuro z'amagambo atatu: Nk'uko bakoreshaga interuro z'amagambo abiri mbere, ubu bagomba kuba bashobora gukoresha interuro z'amagambo atatu nka "Mama arya umuceri," "Papa yagiye ku kazi," "Ndashaka umupira," cyangwa "Imodoka nini." Hari abana batangira gukoresha interuro z'amagambo ane cyangwa atanu. Ibi bigaragaza umuvuduko ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuvuga burimo gutera imbere.
- Amagambo 200 cyangwa arenga (ni menshi cyane ku buryo atabasha kubarwa!): Kugeza ubu, umubare w'amagambo umwana azi wagombaga kuba wariyongereye cyane. Mu by'ukuri, agomba kumenya amagambo menshi kuruta ayo ushobora kwicara ukayabarura byoroshye—agera kuri 200 cyangwa arenga. Bafata amagambo mashya vuba cyane muri iki gihe. Bahora bongeramo amagambo mashya mu byo uvuga n'ibyo yumva hafi ye.
- Imvugo yumvikana nibura 75% ku bandi: Nubwo twavuze ko 50% ihagije ku babyeyi mbere y'imyaka itatu, hafi bitatu bya kane (75%) by'ibyo umwana avuga bigomba kumvikana ku bo abwira, ndetse no ku muntu utamuzi neza. Imvugo ye itangira kumvikana neza.
- Ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa inyito z’amagambo: Bagomba kuba bashobora kumva no gukora ku magambo nka "hejuru," "munsi," "imbere," na "hafi." Urugero, niba uvuze uti "Shyira igipupe munsi y'intebe," bagomba kuba bashobora kubyumva no kubikora. Niba uvuze uti "Shyira igitabo ku meza," nabo bagomba kubyumva. Kubyumva bigaragaza ko bumva ururimi rwabo ku rwego rwiza.
- Gutangira gukoresha inyito: Bagomba gutangira gukoresha inyito nka "Njyewe," "wowe," "we," "twe," na "ni byo" mu mvugo yabo. Bazakoresha aya magambo bavuga ibintu nka "Ndashaka," "Uraza," cyangwa "Ibyo ni byiza." Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi mu iterambere ry'ururimi.
"Wibuke ko nta tegeko rivuga ko buri mwana azagera kuri izi ntambwe muri iki gihe. Ariko ibi nibyo tubona muri rusange. Niba umwana wawe asa n'aho ari inyuma gato y'izi ntambwe, mukomeze kubyitondera mbere yo guhangayika."
Wakora iki niba ugishidikanya cyangwa niba umwana asa n'uwasigaye inyuma?
Ukurikije ibyo twaganiriyeho, niba wumva ko umwana wawe ataragera kuri uru rwego rw'ururimi, cyangwa niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ubwoba bukomeye, nyamuneka vugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga w'abana. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.
Hari igihe bishobora kuba ntacyo bimaze na gato. Hari abana bakura ubwo bumenyi bw'ururimi buhoro buhoro; ibyo bishobora kuba ari uko umwana wawe ameze. Ariko, iyo habayeho gutinda k'ururimi, gutabara hakiri kare, inkunga, no gutozwa bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bw'umwana wawe bwo kuvuga no kwiga mu gihe kizaza.
Umuganga azakubaza ibisobanuro birambuye ku mwana wawe, arebe imivugire ye n'imyitwarire ye, hanyuma amusuzume. Bashobora kukwohereza mu isuzuma ry'amatwi, kuko iyo batumva neza, biragoye kwiga kuvuga.
Nanone, nibiba ngombwa, umuntu ashobora koherezwa kwa muganga w’indwara zo kuvuga no kuvuga. Aba baganga bahawe amahugurwa yihariye yo gufasha abana bafite ikibazo cyo gutinda k’ururimi.
Ntugatinye ibi byose. Byose birimo gukorwa kugira ngo umwana wawe ahabwe ubufasha bwiza. Uko bimenyekana kare, niko byoroha kumufasha, kandi umusaruro urushaho kuba mwiza.
Ibintu byoroshye ushobora gukora uri mu rugo
Mbere yo kujya kwa muganga, hari utuntu duto ushobora gukora mu rugo kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe kunoza ubumenyi bwe mu rurimi:
- Vugana n'umwana wawe kenshi: Sobanura icyo ukora n'icyo ubona ukoresheje amagambo yoroshye. Urugero, "Mama arimo guteka umuceri ubu," cyangwa "Reba iyo nyoni nziza."
- Soma ibitabo: Reba ibitabo bifite amashusho y'amabara menshi hamwe, muganire ku biri muri byo. Ndetse no kureka umwana wawe agatega amatwi ni intambwe ikomeye.
- Umva umwana wawe: Iyo agerageje kuvuga ikintu, umutege amatwi wihanganye. Gerageza kumva icyo ashaka kuvuga.
- Baza ibibazo kandi utange ibisubizo: Baza ibibazo byoroshye nka, "Umupira uri he?" cyangwa "Wakwifuza kurya iki?" Batere inkunga igihe bagerageza gusubiza.
- Kina hamwe: Kuvuga no kwigisha amagambo mu gihe ukina bigira akamaro cyane.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Rero, ba mama na ba se, ni byiza cyane kwita ku mivugire y'umwana wawe n'imikurire ye y'ururimi. Wibuke ko buri mwana atandukanye, ariko niba ukeka ko hari igihe cyatinze, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga.
“Niba ufite gushidikanya na gato, ntukicare gusa ngo utekereze ko ‘bishobora kuba ntacyo bitwaye.’ Vugana na muganga kandi ureke gushidikanya. Icyo ni cyo kintu cyiza ushobora gukorera umwana wawe.”
Ntugatinye, ahubwo komeza witondere. Wifurije umwana wawe ahazaza heza!
Amatagisi: Gutinda k'ururimi, imvugo y'umwana, ingorane zo kuvuga, gutinda k'iterambere, iterambere ry'ururimi rw'umwana, inama z'ababyeyi, inama z'abaganga
