Ntushobora kureba kure nawe? Reka twige ibijyanye na myopia!

Hari igihe ushobora kutabona ibintu biri kure neza, sibyo? Mu ishuri, inyuguti ziri ku kibaho zisa n'izidasobanutse neza, cyangwa iyo ureba televiziyo, wumva ushaka kwegera. Iyi ni indwara abantu benshi bagira, ariko ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo bwa buri munsi. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri ubu buryo bwo kutareba hafi, abaganga bita (Myopia) . Nta kintu na kimwe cyo gutinya, tuzabivugaho mu buryo bworoshye, mu buryo ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Myopia ni iki?

Mu magambo make, Myopia ni igihe tubona ibintu biri hafi yacu, nko mu gihe dusoma igitabo cyangwa tureba kuri telefoni yacu, neza, ariko ibintu biri kure - nka bisi mu muhanda, umuntu uri kure, cyangwa ikibaho mu ishuri - ntibigaragara neza. Tekereza urimo kugenda mu muhanda kandi bigoye gusoma umubare wa bisi iturutse kure, ariko ubona neza inyuguti ziri ku kinyamakuru mu ntoki zawe. Ibi ni ibintu bisa.

Amaso yacu akora nk'agafoto gato. Imirasire y'urumuri ituruka hanze yinjira mu jisho kandi igomba guhuriza hamwe (kwibanda) kuri ecran yitwa retina iri inyuma y'ijisho. Icyo gihe ni bwo dushobora kubona ishusho isobanutse neza. Nk'uko kamera ikora ishusho iyo urumuri rugeze kuri filime.

Ariko, imirasire y'urumuri yinjira mu jisho ry'umuntu urwaye Myopia ntiyibanda neza kuri retina. Ahubwo, yibanda gato imbere ya retina . Niyo mpamvu ibintu biri kure bisa n'ibidasobanutse neza kandi bitagaragara neza. Hari impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi zibitera:

1. Ijisho rishobora kuba rirerire gato kuruta uko bisanzwe (uburebure bw'ijisho bwiyongera).

2. Cyangwa kwiyongera k'ubugari bw'igice kibonerana kiri imbere y'ijisho, ni ukuvuga cornea , cyangwa lens iri imbere mu jisho.

Uko byagenda kose, ingaruka ni uko urumuri rwibanda ahantu hatari ho kandi kureba kure kukagabanuka.

Tubimenya dute? Ni ibihe bimenyetso?

Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe, cyangwa wowe ubwawe, afite iyi ndwara, komeza witondere ibi bimenyetso. Niba ufite kimwe cyangwa byinshi muri ibi, ugomba guhangayika.

• Ibintu biri kure biragaragara: Iki ni cyo kimenyetso kigaragara cyane kandi kigaragara. Niba uri umwana ujya mu ishuri, ushobora kwitotomba ko udashobora kubona ibyanditse ku kibaho mu ishuri. Cyangwa ushobora kureba televiziyo hafi cyane, cyangwa ushobora kudashobora kubona ibimenyetso kure iyo ugenda.
• Gufata ibintu nk'ibitabo n'ibikinisho hafi cyane y'isura yabo: Iyo babifashe hafi cyane y'isura yabo iyo basoma igitabo, bareba telefoni zabo, cyangwa bashushanya, nabyo ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'indwara yo kutagira ubwenge. Kuko babona gusa ibintu biri hafi yabo neza.
• Gukubita cyangwa guhumeka kenshi:Hari abantu bakubita amaso bagerageza kureba kure. Ibi ni byo twita 'gukubita amaso'. Hari n'abantu bashobora no guhumbya amaso kenshi cyangwa bakayakanda.
• Kuribwa umutwe no kubabara amaso: Amaso yawe agomba gukora cyane kugira ngo yibande kuko udashobora kubona neza. Ibi bishobora gutera kuribwa umutwe, kubabara amaso, no kumva ufite igitutu mu maso yawe. Ibi bikunze kubaho cyane nyuma y'ishuri cyangwa nyuma yo kumara igihe kinini ureba mudasobwa.
• Kutagira ubushake cyangwa kwitabwaho mu masomo y'ishuri: Hari igihe abana badasobanukirwa amasomo kuko batabona ibiri ku kibaho. Ibi bishobora gutuma badashishikazwa no kwiga ndetse bigatuma batamenya kwibanda ku masomo.

Tekereza umukobwa wawe Nimali aza ku ishuri akavuga ati “Mama, sinshobora kubona neza ibyo mwarimu arimo kwandika ku kibaho.” Cyangwa, ukabona umuhungu wawe Amal afashe igitabo hafi y’amaso ye mu gihe arimo gusoma, nk’aho isura ye yakandagijwe ku gitabo. Mu bihe nk’ibi, ugomba gutekereza gato kuri ibi (Myopia).

Kuki duteza imbere ubwo buryo bwo kutareba hafi?

Biragoye kumenya impamvu imwe gusa ibi. Ubusanzwe, ni uruvange rw'ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare muri ibi.

• Ingirabuzimafatizo: Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Niba ababyeyi bawe cyangwa abandi bantu bo mu muryango wawe barwaye indwara ya myopia, wowe n'abana bawe mushobora kuyirwara. Ibi bivuze ko ari ikintu gishobora guhererekanywa mu bisekuruza bitandukanye.
• Uko dukoresha amaso yacu n'ibintu bidukikije: Iki nacyo cyabaye ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane muri iki gihe.
• Gukora akazi kenshi hafi y’aho umuntu akorera: Gukora akazi kenshi hafi y’aho umuntu akorera, nko gusoma ibitabo, kureba kuri mudasobwa, gukina imikino kuri telefoni igendanwa, cyangwa gukora kuri tableti, bishobora gutera umunaniro w’amaso mwinshi. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ibi bishobora no gutera kandi bikarushaho kwiyongera kwa myopia.
• Kumara umwanya muto hanze: Iki nacyo ni ikintu gishya cyavumbuwe, ariko ni ingenzi cyane. Byagaragaye neza ko abana bakina kandi bakamara umwanya hanze, cyane cyane ku zuba ry’izuba, bafite ibyago bike byo kurwara indwara ya myopia. Bivugwa ko kumara nibura amasaha abiri hanze ku munsi ari byiza. Bityo rero, kuguma mu nzu, ufungiye ku nkuta enye, bisa nkaho atari byiza cyane ku maso.
• Impinduka ziterwa n'imyaka: Myopia ikunze gutangira mu gihe cy'ishuri. Akenshi itangira kugaragara hagati y'imyaka 6 na 14. Hanyuma, mu gihe cy'ingimbi, ubu burwayi bwo kutabona bushobora kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ubusanzwe iyi ndwara ishobora gukomeza kugeza mu myaka ya za 20, nyuma yaho igakomeza guhagarara.

Mu magambo make, ingirabuzimafatizo zigira ingaruka ku mikurire y'amaso yacu, kandi ibintu dukorana n'amaso yacu umunsi wose ndetse n'ibidukikije dutuyemo nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri ibi.

Wamenya ute neza niba ufite ibi? (Isuzuma)

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mufite kimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, ikintu cyiza kandi cy'ingenzi ni ukubonana n'umuganga w'amaso cyangwa umuganga w'amaso . Bashobora kugusuzuma bakakubwira neza niba ufite iyo ndwara n'uburemere bwayo (imbaraga ni izihe).

Iki kizamini cy'amaso ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye cyane, kandi nta cyo ugomba gutinya.

• Ubwa mbere, bakubaza ibijyanye n'amaso yawe n'uko hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite ibibazo by'amaso.
• Hanyuma usabwa kureba imbonerahamwe y'amaso irimo inyuguti, imibare, cyangwa amashusho (ku bana) hanyuma ukayasoma. Ibi bikorwa ufunze ijisho rimwe.
• Hanyuma, bakoresha ibikoresho byihariye (nk'icyuma gipima urumuri (phoropter) na retinoscope) kugira ngo bayobore urumuri mu jisho kugira ngo barebe niba urumuri rwibanze neza n'ubwoko bw'ikirahure kizagufasha kubona neza.
• Hari igihe ibitonyanga by'amaso bivubura amaso bikoreshwa mu kwagura imboni. Ibi bituma ubona neza retina n'imitsi y'amaso. Ibi bishobora gutuma amaso atabona neza by'igihe gito ndetse n'ibara ry'ubururu mu maso iyo ugiye hanze, ariko bizashira nyuma y'igihe runaka.

Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza, muganga ashobora kukubwira neza niba ufite Myopia, niba ari yo, niba ukeneye indorerwamo cyangwa lentile zo kuyikosora, ndetse n'umubare wayo.

None se, ni iki cyakorwa kuri ibi, uburyo bwo kuvura no gucunga?

Ku bw'amahirwe, hari uburyo bwiza kandi bworoshye bwo kuvura indwara ya myopia. Ubu buryo bukora binyuze mu gushyira urumuri rwinjira mu jisho mu buryo butaziguye kuri retina.

1. Indorerwamo (Indorerwamo z'amaso)

Ubu ni bwo buryo bworoshye, bworoshye kandi bwizewe bukoreshwa n'abantu benshi. Iyo wambaye indorerwamo zifite indorerwamo zifatanye n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, bifasha kwerekeza imirasire y'urumuri kuri retina. Hanyuma ushobora kubona neza uri kure.

• Ku bana, indorerwamo akenshi ni zo nziza kandi za mbere kuko zoroshye kuzikoresha, kuzibungabunga, kandi zoroshye kwambara.
• Mu guhitamo indorerwamo, ubu ziza mu buryo butandukanye, amabara atandukanye, n'amashusho yoroheje. Bityo rero ushobora guhitamo iyo ukunda n'iyo ijyanye n'isura yawe. Icy'ingenzi ni ugukoresha indorerwamo zakozwe neza kandi zifite umubare ukwiye.

2. Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses

Izi ni lenzi nto, ntoya zishyirwa mu jisho, hejuru y'ijisho. Ni amahitamo meza ku bantu badashaka kwambara indorerwamo, cyane cyane abakina siporo, cyangwa abahangayikishijwe n'uko zisa.

• Ariko niba ukoresha indorerwamo z'amaso (contact lenses), ugomba kuzisukura neza , witondere cyane igihe uzishyiramo no kuzikuramo, kandi ugakoresha imiti ikwiye. Bitabaye ibyo, ushobora kwandura indwara z'amaso.
• Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa contact lenses ntizikwiriye buri wese. Nanone, abaganga bakunze kuzigira inama abana bakuru (ingimbi n'abangavu) n'abantu bakuru. Ibyo kandi bisaba amahugurwa n'ubumenyi bukwiye.

3. Kubaga hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubiza ibintu mu mubiri (Refraction)

Ibi bisaba gukoresha umurasire wa laser kugira ngo uhindure burundu imiterere y'ishusho y'umura, bityo urumuri rube rwibanda neza kuri retina. LASIK ni ubwoko buzwi cyane bwo kubaga.

• Ariko, ubu buryo bwo kubaga bukunze gukorwa gusa ku bantu bari hagati y’imyaka 18 na 21 bafite amaso adahindagurika (bivuze ko umubare w’indorerwamo utarahinduka mu mwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri). Ntabwo bukorerwa ku bana bato, kuko amaso yabo aracyakura.
• Ibi kandi ntibikwiriye buri wese. Ni ku muganga w’amaso ugomba gufata icyemezo niba wujuje ibisabwa.

Igikuru ni ukuganira n'umuganga w'amaso kugira ngo aguhitiremo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura wowe cyangwa umwana wawe. Azagusuzuma amaso yawe kandi atekereze ku bintu byose, harimo imyaka yawe, imibereho yawe, n'ibyo ukeneye, kugira ngo aguhe igisubizo cyiza.

4. Uburyo bwo kugenzura Myopia (Kugenzura Myopia)

Vuba aha, habonetse uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura ukwiyongera kw'indwara ya myopia, cyane cyane mu bana. Ubu buryo ntibuhagarika burundu indwara ya myopia, ahubwo bugabanya ukwiyongera kwayo.

• Ibitonyanga by'amaso bya Atropine ku gipimo gito: Byagaragaye ko ibi bitonyanga by'amaso bigabanya cyane kwiyongera kwa myopia iyo bikoreshejwe buri munsi.
• Indorerwamo zidasanzwe zo mu bwoko bwa "contact lenses": Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa "multifocal contact lenses" bufasha mu kugenzura "myopia" mu bana.
• Ubumenyi bw'amagufwa (Orthokeratology): Muri ibi, amacupa yihariye yo kuvura arambarwa nijoro mu gihe usinziriye. Aya macupa ashyira igitutu ku mboni y'umugongo mu ijoro ryose, kandi iyo amacupa akuwe mu gitondo, ushobora kubona neza umunsi wose nta ndorerwamo. Ibi bishobora kandi kugenzura uko indwara ya myopia ikomeza kwiyongera.

Ushobora kandi kubaza umuganga w'amaso kuri ubu buryo bwo kugenzura (Myopia).

Ese birashoboka gukumira ko ubwo buryo bwo kutareba hafi bubaho cyangwa kugabanya iterambere ryabwo?

Biragoye kwirinda burundu indwara ya myopia, cyane cyane iyo ari indwara ivukanwa. Ariko hari ibintu bike dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye iterambere ryayo no kugira amaso yacu agire ubuzima bwiza:

• Gukina no kumarana umwanya hanze: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Byagaragaye ko gukina, gutembera no kumarana umwanya hanze ahantu hari izuba ryinshi byibuze isaha imwe ku munsi, byaba byiza amasaha abiri, ari byiza cyane ku maso y'abana.
• Ha amaso yawe ikiruhuko cyo kutabona neza: Ha amaso yawe ikiruhuko igihe usoma ibitabo, ukorera kuri mudasobwa, cyangwa ureba telefoni yawe. Hari ikintu cyitwa "itegeko rya 20-20-20." Ibyo bivuze ko,Buri minota 20, reba ikintu kiri kure cyane (hafi metero 20) byibuze amasegonda 20. Ibi biha imitsi y'amaso yawe ikiruhuko kandi bikagabanya umunaniro.
• Kora ahantu hafite urumuri rwiza: Mu gihe usoma ibitabo cyangwa wiga, menya neza ko icyumba gifite urumuri ruhagije. Gukorera mu rumuri ruto cyangwa kureba televiziyo si byiza ku maso yawe. Nanone, shyira ibintu nk'ibitabo na ecran ahantu runaka kure y'amaso yawe.
• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri: Shyiramo imboga (nk'ikaroti, epinari), imbuto (nk'amacunga, ipapayi), n'amafi (nk'amafi ya salmon, mackerel, na tuna) birimo vitamine (cyane cyane vitamine A, C, na E) n'imyunyungugu myiza ku buzima bw'amaso.
• Suzuma amaso yawe buri gihe: Nubwo nta kibazo kirimo, ni byiza ko muganga w’amaso asuzumisha amaso y’abana bawe nibura rimwe mu mwaka. Muri ubwo buryo, ibibazo byose bishobora kumenyekana hakiri kare.

Ibi bintu bishobora kutabuza burundu iterambere rya myopia, ariko bishobora gufasha kugabanya iterambere ryayo no gutuma amaso yawe ahora afite ubuzima bwiza.

Ni ryari tugomba kubonana na muganga?

Muri ibi bihe, ni ngombwa ko udatinda kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso:

• Niba umwana wawe agaragaza kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru (urugero, kuvuga ko atabona ikibaho, gupfukama, gufata ibitabo hafi y'isura ye igihe asoma, cyangwa guhora yinubira umutwe).
• Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe abonye impinduka mu kureba kwe , cyangwa niba areba nabi cyangwa akareba kabiri.
• Niba ufite ibindi bibazo nko kubabara amaso, gutukura, cyangwa kuyarya .
• Nubwo nta kibazo kirimo, ni byiza ko umwana wawe abanza gupimwa amaso (hagati y'imyaka 3-5). Hanyuma, ujye umusuzuma buri gihe nk'uko muganga yabigusabye.
• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango ufite indwara ya myopia cyangwa izindi ndwara z'amaso, ni byiza ko abana bapimwa hakiri kare.

Wibuke ko amaso ari urugingo rw'agaciro kandi rufite ubushobozi bworoshye bwo kumva. Niba rero ufite gushidikanya, ni byiza gushaka inama kwa muganga. Ntukongere ikibazo ukora icyo wumva ushaka cyose.

None se, ni ibihe bintu twagombye kwibuka muri iyi nkuru? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kureba hafi, cyangwa Myopia, ni indwara abantu benshi, cyane cyane abana bari mu kigero cy'amashuri, bashobora kugira. Si indwara ikomeye, ariko ni ngombwa kuyimenya no kuyivurwa no kuyicungwa.

• Menya ibimenyetso: Menya ibintu nko kutareba hafi, gupfuka amaso, gusoma ibitabo hafi cyane, no kubabara umutwe kenshi, cyane cyane ku bana bawe.
• Shaka inama kwa muganga: Niba ushidikanya, jya kwa muganga w’amaso hanyuma ugenzure amaso yawe.
• Kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye:Ibisubizo byoroshye nk'indorerwamo n'ama-contact lenses bishobora gufasha kugenzura iki kibazo no kubona neza. Menya kandi uburyo bwo kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'indwara ya myopia mu bana.
• Wite ku maso yawe: Ibintu byoroshye nko gukinira hanze, kuruhuka imirimo yo hafi, no gukora ahantu hafite urumuri rwiza bishobora gutuma amaso yawe ahora ameze neza.

Rero, niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mubona ko mufite iki kibazo, nyamuneka ntimugatinye cyangwa ngo mugire ubwoba. Shaka umuganga w'amaso vuba bishoboka kandi ubone inama n'ubuvuzi bikenewe. Hanyuma wowe n'umwana wawe mushobora kubona iyi si nziza neza kandi munezerewe!

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