Impungenge ababyeyi benshi bakunze kugira ni ukumenya niba umwana wabo muto avuga atinze kurusha bagenzi babo. Hari igihe kugereranya umwana wawe na mukuru we cyangwa babyara be bishobora gutera impungenge zikomeye: “Kuki umwana wanjye ari we wenyine uhanganye n’ibibazo?” Ese ibi ni ibisanzwe koko, cyangwa ni ikintu ukwiye guhangayikishwa na cyo? Reka turebere hamwe insanganyamatsiko yo gutinda kw’ururimi hano muri Nirogi Lanka.
Ese abana bose ni bamwe? Uburyo bwo kuvuga busanzwe
Mbere na mbere, ni ngombwa kumva ko atari abana bose bameze kimwe . Nk’uko nta bikumwe bibiri bisa, umuvuduko abana bagera ku ntambwe z’iterambere—nk’ukuvuga cyangwa kugenda—uratandukana cyane bitewe n’umwana umwe. Ushobora no kubona iri tandukaniro mu bana bawe. Nubwo bamwe bavuga hakiri kare, abandi bafata igihe kirekire. Kubwibyo, ijambo "ibisanzwe" rikubiyemo ibintu byinshi, cyane cyane iyo bigeze ku iterambere ry’ururimi.
Ariko, ibi ntibivuze ko ugomba kwirengagiza impungenge zawe. Nk'umubyeyi, niba wumva ufite impungenge nke ku iterambere ry'umwana wawe, ni byiza buri gihe gushaka ubuyobozi bw'inzobere. Nubwo amabwiriza akurikira atari amategeko akaze, ni nk'ibimenyetso by'ingirakamaro ku byo abantu benshi biba byitezweho mu myaka itandukanye kugira ngo bigufashe kumenya ikibazo gishobora gutuma umwana atinda mu rurimi .
Umwana w'imyaka ibiri - Ni iki wakwitega?
Reka turebe icyo muri rusange twiteze ku mwana w'imyaka ibiri ku bijyanye n'ururimi. Nyamuneka ntugire ubwoba; ibi ni ibipimo ngenderwaho by'iterambere.
- Interuro z'amagambo abiri: Umwana wawe agomba gutangira kurema interuro zoroshye z'amagambo abiri, nka "ndashaka amazi," "ndashaka umuceri," "Mama agiye," cyangwa "zana umupira."
- Gusobanukirwa amabwiriza yoroshye: Bagomba kuba bashobora gukurikiza amabwiriza yoroshye, y'intambwe ebyiri, nko “Fata igipupe ukishyire ku ntebe.”
- Gutanga amazina y'ibintu byoroshye: Bagomba kuba bashobora kuvuga amazina y'ibintu bisanzwe bikoreshwa buri munsi nka "umupira," "igikombe," "imbwa," cyangwa "injangwe."
- Amagambo: Amagambo yabo agomba kuba arimo nibura amagambo 50, nubwo ashobora kuba menshi kurushaho.
- Gusobanukirwa: Nibura kimwe cya kabiri (50%) cy'ibyo umwana wawe avuga kigomba kumvikana kuri wowe, umubyeyi we. Nubwo umuntu utazi cyangwa nyogokuru ashobora kugorwa no kubyumva, wowe nk'umubyeyi ugomba gusobanukirwa icyo umwana wawe ashaka.
Izi ni intambwe z'ingenzi z'iterambere ryitezwe ku mwana w'imyaka ibiri.
Kuva ku myaka ibiri kugeza kuri itatu - Iterambere ryinshi!
Hagati y'imyaka ibiri n'itatu, amagambo umwana wawe aziyongera vuba, kandi ubushobozi bwe bwo gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo buzatera imbere cyane. Ku myaka itatu, muri rusange twiteze kubona ibi bikurikira:
- Interuro z'amagambo atatu: Bagomba kuba bashobora kuvuga mu nteruro z'amagambo atatu nka “Mama arimo kurya,” “Ndimo gukina,” cyangwa “ndashaka umupira munini.”
- Amagambo menshi: Bagomba kuba bafite amagambo arenga 200! Muri make, bagomba kuba bakoresha kandi bazi amagambo menshi ku buryo bigoye kubara.
- Gusobanukirwa byagutse: Ubu, si wowe wenyine, ahubwo n'abaganira nabo kenshi (nk'abasogokuruza cyangwa bene wabo ba hafi) bagomba gusobanukirwa hafi 75%—cyangwa bitatu bya kane—by'ibyo bavuga.
- Gusobanukirwa inyito z’ibanze: Bagomba gusobanukirwa ibitekerezo by’ahantu nka “kuri,” “munsi,” “imbere,” na “hanze.” Urugero, niba uvuze uti “Shyira igikinisho ku meza” cyangwa “Kura umupira munsi y’igitanda,” bagomba kuba bashobora gusobanukirwa no gukurikiza icyo cyerekezo.
- Gukoresha inyito: Bazatangira gukoresha inyito nka “Jyewe,” “wowe,” “we/we,” na “ni byo” mu mvugo yabo.
Niba wumva ko umwana wawe ataragera kuri izi ntambwe, inzira nziza ni ukuganira n'umuganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuzima.
Kuki bamwe mu bana bagira ikibazo cyo gutinda kuvuga? (Impamvu zishobora gutera gutinda kw'ururimi)
Ni ibisanzwe kwibaza uti “Kuki ibi biba ku mwana wanjye?” cyangwa “Impamvu ni iyihe?” Hari ibintu byinshi bishobora gutuma ururimi rutinda. Ntugatinye; si buri mpamvu ireba umwana wawe, ariko ni ngombwa kumenya neza.
- Ibibazo byo kumva: Iki ni cyo kintu cya mbere dusuzuma. Umwana ashobora kugira ibibazo byo kumva, urugero nk'indwara ya "Glue Ear" aho amazi yiyongera mu muyoboro w'amatwi abuza kumva neza. Tekereza kuri ibi: niba adashobora kumva amagambo neza, ni gute yakwiga kuvuga?
- Indwara zo mu mikurire: Gutinda kuvuga rimwe na rimwe bishobora kujyana n'indwara zo mu mikurire, nka Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Ariko, ibuka ko atari ko gutinda kuvuga kose guterwa n'indwara zikomeye nk'izo. Umuganga ni we wenyine ushobora gutanga isuzuma ry'ukuri, bityo rero irinde gufata umwanzuro wawe bwite.
- Kutagira uburyo bwo gushishikariza ibidukikije: Kudahuza mu rugo—nk'ukuganira, gukina, cyangwa gusomera umwana—bishobora gutera gutinda. Abana biga ururimi ahanini batega amatwi abandi kandi bakigana.
- Ibibazo by'imikorere y'imitsi yo mu kanwa: Intege nke cyangwa ibibazo byo guhuza imitsi yo mu kanwa, ururimi, cyangwa iminwa bishobora kugora umwana kuvuga amagambo neza.
- Abavuga batinze: Bamwe mu bana, bakunze kwitwa “Abavuga batinze,” bagera ku zindi ntambwe zose z’iterambere—nk’ukugenda, gukina, no gusobanukirwa—ku gihe, ariko imvugo yabo iratinda. Abenshi muri abo bana amaherezo bahura na bagenzi babo.
- Amateka y'umuryango: Hari igihe amateka y'umuryango yo gutinda kuvuga ashobora kugira uruhare.
Ni ryari ugomba guhangayika kandi ni iki wakora?
Niba wumva umwana wawe ari inyuma y'intambwe zavuzwe haruguru, ntugakomerekezwe bucece. Shaka gahunda yo kubonana na muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga w'abana. Iyi ni yo ntambwe y'ingenzi cyane ushobora gutera.
Muganga azagutega amatwi kandi asuzume umwana wawe.
Bashobora gusuzuma amatwi kugira ngo barebe niba nta kibazo cyo kumva. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, bashobora kohereza umwana wawe ngo akorerwe ikizamini cy’ubuhanga mu by’amatwi.
Byongeye kandi, hashingiwe ku isuzuma ryabo ry’ubuvuzi, bashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’ururimi. Aba bahanga bahuguwe mu gufasha abana bafite ibibazo bijyanye no kuvuga, kumva ururimi no kuvugana. Bashobora gutanga ubuyobozi bwihariye ku mwana wawe.
Wibuke ko kubimenya hakiri kare no kubikemura bitanga umusaruro mwiza. Ntugatinye, kandi ntugatinde ukoresheje uburyo bwo "gutegereza urebe"—shakisha inama z'abaganga b'inzobere vuba.
Icyo ababyeyi bashobora gukora mu rugo
Uretse serivisi z’ubujyanama bw’abaganga n’ubuvuzi bw’inzobere, hari ibintu byinshi byoroshye ariko bifite ingaruka ushobora gukorera mu rugo kugira ngo bifashe umwana wawe mu iterambere ry’ururimi.
- Vugana n'umwana wawe buri gihe: Iyi ni intambwe y'ingenzi cyane. Sobanura ibyo ukora byose n'ibyo ubona byose mu mvugo yoroshye kandi isobanutse neza.Urugero, vuga ibintu nka “Mama arimo guteka amata yawe ubu,” “Reba iyo ndabyo nziza kandi ifite amabara menshi,” cyangwa “Reka tujye kwiyuhagira.” Nubwo batagusubiza, komeza ikiganiro.
- Soma ibitabo kandi werekane amashusho: Fata ibitabo bifite amashusho manini kandi afite amabara menshi maze uganire ku byo ubona hamwe. Vuga ibintu nk'ibi: “Iyi ni imbwa; reba, imbwa ivuga ngo ‘woof woof’.” Ni byiza gusoma igitabo kimwe inshuro nyinshi ku munsi; abana bato bakunda gusubiramo, kandi bibafasha kubika amagambo mashya vuba cyane.
- Muririmbe indirimbo n'imivugo y'abana bato: Abana bakunda kumva imivugo n'indirimbo by'abana bato by'incuke. Kuririmba bibafasha kwigiramo imiterere y'ururimi no kubaka amagambo yabo nta nkomyi.
- Umva witonze ibyo agerageza: Iyo umwana wawe agerageje kuvuga ikintu, mutege amatwi cyane. Niba yavuze nabi ijambo, ntukamukosore umubwira uti “Ibyo si byo.” Ahubwo, subiramo ijambo neza kandi werekane ko wasobanukiwe icyo yashakaga kuvuga. Urugero, niba umwana wawe avuze “wa-wa” asaba amazi, vuga gusa uti “Urashaka amazi? Dore amazi yawe.”
- Baza ibibazo, ariko ntugahatire gusubiza: Aho guhora ubaza uti “Iki ni iki?”, akenshi ni byiza kubishyira ku rutonde rw’ibintu. Koresha interuro nka “Iyi ni imodoka nini, itukura.” Bazasubiza igihe bazaba biteguye.
- Yagura icyo bavuga: Niba umwana wawe avuze "imodoka," ushobora kuvuga uti, "Yego, iyo ni imodoka nini itukura, si byo se? Igenda yihuta cyane." Kongeramo amagambo y'inyongera ku gitekerezo cyabo cy'umwimerere ni uburyo bwitwa kwagura .
- Gabanya igihe cyo kureba televiziyo (Television, terefone, tableti): Ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka ibiri, kureba televiziyo bishobora kuba imbogamizi ikomeye ku iterambere ryiza ry'ururimi. Igihe cyo kureba televiziyo gisimbura ibihe by'agaciro umara uganira, ukina, kandi uganira na bo. Gushyikirana imbonankubone no gukina imbonankubone ni ingirakamaro cyane.
- Kina hamwe: Gukina ni ingenzi mu kubaka ubuhanga mu rurimi. Kina wigize nk'ukoresha ibipupe, wigane amajwi y'inyamaswa, cyangwa uganire ku byo wubaka mu gihe ukina n'udukingirizo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
Hanyuma, ibuka ko buri mwana akura ku muvuduko we no mu buryo bwe. Ntugahangayikishwe no kubagereranya n'abandi bana buri gihe. Ariko, nk'umubyeyi, niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa impungenge nkeya—niba wibwira uti “Ese umwana wanjye aratinze kuvuga?”—ndakwinginze ntukirengagize iyo myumvire.
Ikintu cyiza wakora ni ukuganira n'umuganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga w'abana ibibazo byawe. Bazaguha ubuyobozi bukwiye.
Gushaka ubufasha n'ubuyobozi hakiri kare, bishobora gutuma umwana wawe avuga neza kandi yizeye. Ntugahangayike, ntabwo uri wenyine muri uru rugendo! Ababyeyi benshi bahura n'ibibazo nk'ibyo. Igikuru ni uguhora umenya amakuru no gufata ingamba zikenewe mu gihe gikwiye. Abafatanyabikorwa bawe muri Nirogi Lanka bari hano kugufasha.
Gutinda k'ururimi, kuvuga kw'abana bato, iterambere ry'imivugire, gukura k'ururimi rw'umwana, umwana w'imyaka ibiri, umwana w'imyaka itatu, Umuganga w'imivugire
