Ese umwana wawe abona isi mu buryo butandukanye? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara yo gupima ibyiyumvo (SPD) | Nirogi Lanka

Ese wigeze ubona abana bamwe, cyangwa abantu bakuru, bababazwa cyane n'umugozi muto urekuye ku myenda yabo? Cyangwa wenda batera hejuru iyo bumvise urusaku ruke? Bishobora no kuba ari umwana wawe. Tekereza kuri ibi: hari abana barira umunsi wose iyo ishati yabo y'ishuri imeze nk'aho ifunze gato. Impamvu y'ibyo ishobora kuba ingorabahizi kurusha uko ubitekereza. Ibi bizwi nka Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) .

Indwara yo Gutunganya Ibyumviro (SPD) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, SPD ni indwara aho ubwonko bwawe buhura n'ingorane mu gutunganya no gusubiza amakuru wakiriye binyuze mu byumviro byawe - kureba, amajwi, impumuro, uburyohe, no gukoraho. Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo ubona ibikukikije gusa, ahubwo no ku buryo uhuza ibikorwa byawe by'umubiri.

Nubwo abaganga n'ababyeyi bakunze kumenya iyi ndwara mu bana bato, ishobora no kwibasira abantu bakuru. SPD ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bafite indwara z'imitsi n'imitsi itandukanye, nka Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) cyangwa Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Ariko, birashoboka ko SPD ibaho ubwayo.

Muri iki gihe, SPD ntabwo ishyirwa mu cyiciro cyemewe cy’ubuvuzi mu bitabo bisanzwe byo gusuzuma indwara. Ariko, abaganga ubu bemeza ko kumenya no gutanga ubufasha kuri iyi ndwara ari ingirakamaro cyane, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite imikorere ya buri munsi igira ingaruka zikomeye.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko hafi umuntu umwe muri buri bantu 5 kugeza kuri 20 muri rusange ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kuvurwa n’indwara yo kumva no gushishoza (SPD). Ubu burwayi buri hejuru cyane mu bantu bafite indwara z’imitsi n’imitsi.

Ni gute abantu barwaye SPD babona isi, kandi ni ubuhe bwoko bwayo?

SPD si indwara "ikwiranye n'abantu bose"; igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye. Reka turebe ubwoko bw'ibanze bw'ibibazo byo gutunganya imyakura.

Uburyo bwo kumva ibintu bikabije (SOR)

Iyo ufite SOR, ukira vuba cyane iyo ubonye uburyo bwo kumva ibintu byinjira mu mutima, cyane, cyangwa igihe kirekire kurusha abandi. Ingaruka abantu benshi birengagiza cyangwa babona ko zoroshye kwihanganira zishobora kukubabaza cyangwa zikagutera agahinda.

Ese umwana wawe yanga kwambara imyenda ifite ibirango, gupfuka amatwi ye aramutse abyumvise, cyangwa se agahangayika iyo akozeho gato? Ibi ni ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya SOR, kandi ni ngombwa kwibuka ko ibyo bikorwa atari imyitwarire igamije.

Kudasobanukirwa neza kw'amatwi (SUR)

Ibi ni ibinyuranye na SOR. Ushobora gukenera imbaraga nyinshi cyane z'ibyiyumviro kugira ngo ubimenye cyangwa ubyitabire na gato. Hari igihe ushobora kuterekana ibyiyumvo, bigatuma utinda cyangwa udakora neza.

Urugero, ese wabonye umwana ananirwa kugira icyo akora iyo aguye cyangwa yakomeretse cyane? Cyangwa se wenda ntahindukire iyo ahamagawe mu izina cyangwa ngo agaragaze ko adashishikajwe n'ibikinisho? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya SUR.

Irari ry'Ibyiyumviro (SC)

Abantu bafite irari ry’ibyumviro bashaka cyane gukangurwa cyane. Ariko, bitandukanye n’abandi babona ibyishimo nyuma yo guhabwa iyi nkunga, ushobora gusanga gukangurwa mu by’ukuri gutuma wumva udafite icyo ukora cyangwa udafite amahoro.

Tekereza umuntu uhora yimuka, asimbuka, agwa mu bintu, cyangwa ashyira ibintu mu kanwa ke. Akenshi, iyi myitwarire iba igamije guhaza ibyifuzo by'ibyiyumvo bigoye guhaza.

Indwara yo kwitandukanya n'amarangamutima

Ibi bibaho iyo ugorwa no gusobanura itandukaniro rito riri hagati y’ibitekerezo by’abantu. Urugero, niba ufite ikibazo cyo kumva , ushobora kugorwa no gusobanukirwa neza ibyo wumva—nk’uko bigoye gutandukanya amagambo runaka hagati y’urusaku rw’inyuma.

Indwara yo mu mwanya wayo

Ufite iyi ndwara, ushobora kugorwa n'aho umubiri wawe uhagaze mu kirere. Ibi bikunze gutera ingorane mu guhagarara neza no kuringaniza ingingo z'umubiri. Ushobora gusanga uhora wishingikirije ku nkuta kugira ngo zigushyigikire cyangwa ugorwa no kugumana imiterere ihamye wicaye.

Kudakora neza kw'imitsi (dyspraxie)

Ibi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imitsi. Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buhanga bwawe bw’imitsi —nk’ukwiruka, gusimbuka, cyangwa kuzamuka ingazi—ndetse no ku buhanga bwawe bwiza bw’imitsi , bigatuma imirimo nko kwandika, gupfunyika ibipfundo by’ishati, cyangwa gukoresha imikasi bigorana.

Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bisanzwe bya SPD

Ibimenyetso biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko bwa SPD. Nubwo bitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi, ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo:

• Guhora unaniwe, nko kugonga ibintu cyangwa kujugunya ibintu ku buryo bworoshye.
• Guhangayikishwa cyane n'imyenda imwe n'imwe cyangwa ibirango by'imyenda bitera ububabare buhoraho.
• Kuziba cyangwa kuruka bitewe n'imiterere y'ibiryo runaka.
• Gukenera gukorakora cyangwa gukora ku buso n'imiterere yabwo buri gihe.
• Kugorwa no kubahiriza imipaka y'umuntu ku giti cye, nko kunama cyane cyangwa gukorakora ku bandi.
• Guhangana gukomeye, guhunga, cyangwa gukonjesha mu buryo butunguranye, urusaku rwinshi, cyangwa amatara yaka cyane.
• Arwana n'imirimo y'ingufu nke nko gufata ikaramu, gufunga imigozi y'inkweto, cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu gikoni.

SPD ishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bumwe cyangwa ku buryo bwinshi bwo kumva icyarimwe, kandi ubukana bw'ibi bimenyetso buratandukanye cyane.

Ni iki gitera SPD, kandi ni nde uri mu kaga?

Nubwo impamvu nyayo ya SPD itaramenyekana, abashakashatsi bemeza ko iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije .

SPD ifitanye isano rikomeye n'ihindagurika ry'imitsi n'izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe. Ikunze kugaragara hamwe na:

• Indwara ya Autism Spectrum (ASD)
• Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD)
• Indwara ya Bipolar
• Gutinda mu iterambere
• Indwara yo kudasobanukirwa neza ibyiyumvo (DMDD)
• Indwara yo kwiheba no guhangayika (OCD)
• Schizophrenia
• Indwara zihariye zo mu myigire

Menya neza ko bishoboka ko umuntu yagira SPD nubwo yaba adafite indi ndwara y’imitsi cyangwa indwara zo mu mutwe.

Ni gute abaganga bapima indwara ya SPD?

Kubera ko SPD itarashyirwa mu cyiciro cyemewe cy’ubuvuzi gifite ibipimo bihamye, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwirengagizwa. Ariko, muri Nirogi Lanka, abaganga bacu barushijeho gusobanukirwa iyi ndwara n’akamaro ko gutanga ubufasha bujyanye n’igihe n’uburyo bwo kuvura.

Niba wumva imyitwarire y'umwana wawe mu bijyanye n'ibyumviro idasanzwe, abana bawe bashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w'indwara z'imitekerereze (OT) . Aba bahanga bashobora kureba uburyo umwana wawe ahura n'ibibazo bitandukanye mu bijyanye n'ibyumviro kugira ngo barebe niba afite indwara yo gucika intege mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (SPD). Kugira ngo bagufashe gusuzuma neza ibimenyetso by'umwana wawe, imiterere ye, n'amateka ye y'ubuvuzi. Bitewe n'ibyo umwana wawe akeneye byihariye, abana bawe bashobora no kukwohereza ku bandi bahanga kugira ngo bagusuzume neza.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura bwa SPD buhari?

Nubwo nta "muti" uhoraho wa SPD ubaho, uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura mu kazi bugira akamaro kanini mu kuvura ibimenyetso. Ubu buryo ni ingenzi cyane cyane iyo indwara igira ingaruka ku mibereho yawe ya buri munsi cyangwa ku mwana wawe.

Abavuzi b'abana mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'imyororokere biyemeje gufasha umwana wawe mu buryo bukurikira:

• Guhura n'intambwe z'iterambere (urugero, ubuhanga bwo gukora neza no gukoresha neza imitsi).
• Kunoza uburyo bwo kwiyitaho no gukora ibikorwa bya buri munsi.
• Guteza imbere ubuhanga bwo gukina no gusabana n'abandi.
• Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwigenzura no gusubiza imyitwarire.

SPD ishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyiciro cyose cy'ubuzima. Abavuzi b'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi batanga ingamba zihariye zo gufasha abantu b'ingeri zose guhangana n'ibibazo by'ubwuzu.

Ubuvuzi bwo guhuza imikorere y'amatwi

Ubu buryo ni bwo bukoreshwa cyane kandi bufite icyo bugeraho mu kuvura SPD. Bukubiyemo gukorana n'umuganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi kugira ngo atange ibitekerezo byihariye, bifashe wowe cyangwa umwana wawe kwiga kumenyera no gusubiza neza ibidukikije bye.

Ubusanzwe, ibi bikubiyemo gukora ibikorwa byihariye by’ibyumviro bigamije kugufasha kugenzura uburyo ibyumviro byawe bifatwa. Uziga gutunganya ibitekerezo byawe utiriwe wumva uremerewe, ariko kandi ukagira ubumenyi bufatika bwo guhangana n’ibibazo kugira ngo umenye amakuru y’ibyumviro uhura na byo mu buzima bwawe bwa buri munsi.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe bushobora kongera cyane ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, guteza imbere imyitwarire myiza, no kugabanya urugero rw'imihangayiko.

Ingamba zo mu rugo no ku ishuri

Ku bana bari mu kigero cyo kujya mu ishuri, umuganga w’indwara ashobora kubagira inama yo gukoresha imyitozo ngororamubiri ya buri munsi ndetse n’ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu rugo no mu ishuri. Izi nyandiko zagenewe gufasha umwana wawe gukomeza kwibanda no gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda umunsi wose.

Urugero, umwana ufite SPD mu ishuri ashobora kungukirwa na:

• Gukoresha ecouteur zigabanya urusaku kugira ngo ugabanye ibintu bibangamira amatwi.
• Gukoresha ibikoresho byo guceceka kugira ngo bifashe gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu runaka.
• Kugira ikiruhuko cyagenwe cyo gukora ibikorwa byo kwimuka, nko kugenda, kuzunguruka, cyangwa kuzunguruka.

Umuganga w’umwana wawe w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima bw’imyororokere azagufasha ku buryo bwiza bwo kumufasha mu bijyanye n’ibyo akeneye.

Ubuvuzi bw'akazi ku bumenyi bw'imitsi myiza n'iy'umubiri

Niba umwana wawe afite ikibazo cyo kudakora neza cyangwa indwara zo mu myanya ndangagitsina, ashobora gukenera ubufasha bwo kongera ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora imitsi no kuyikoresha neza. Umuganga w’inzobere mu by’ubuzima azakorana n’umwana wawe kugira ngo akuze ubwo bushobozi—kuva ku mirimo yo kwandika ku matwi, gushyira ibipfundo ku myenda, cyangwa gukoresha imikasi, kugeza ku mirimo yo gukora imitsi nko kuzamuka ingazi, gutera umupira, cyangwa kugendera ku igare.

Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?

Niba wowe cyangwa umwana wawe mwarafashwe n'indwara yo kuvura ibyiyumvo, mushobora gukenera guhura buri gihe n'umuganga w'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi. Uko abana bakura, ibidukikije byabo n'ibyo bakeneye mu myigire yabo birahinduka, bivuze ko gahunda yabo yo kuvura ishobora gukenera guhindurwa buri gihe.

Ibibazo by'ingenzi ugomba kubaza muganga wawe

Bishobora kuba ingirakamaro kuganira n'umuganga wawe ibi bikurikira:

• Ni ubuhe buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura SPD buhari?
• Ni izihe ngamba zo kwita ku mwana wanjye mu rugo?
• Ni iki nkwiye kwitega ku bijyanye n'icyerekezo cy'igihe kirekire ku mwana wanjye?
• Ese ushobora gutanga ubuyobozi ku bijyanye no kumenya niba ubwishingizi bwanjye butanga serivisi zo kuvura?

Kubana na SPD

Kubana na SPD bishobora kugorana, ariko hamwe n'ubwitabire bukwiye butangwa n'ikipe yo muri Nirogi Lanka, ushobora guhangana n'izi mbogamizi neza. Kumenyera no gusobanukirwa ni ingenzi. Nk'umubyeyi, guharanira ibyo umwana wawe akeneye ku ishuri no mu zindi nzego ni ingenzi kugira ngo akomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Tekereza kwinjira mu itsinda ry’abaterankunga kugira ngo uhuze n’abandi bahuje ubunararibonye. Menya ko SPD idacunzwe ishobora kongera ibyago byo kwiheba, ibibazo by’imyitwarire, no kwigunga. Niba ugize ikibazo cyihutirwa, nyamuneka hamagara 911 cyangwa serivisi z’ubutabazi bw’ibanze zo mu gace utuyemo ako kanya.

Ibiryo bya nyuma byo gufata

Twese tubona isi ituzengurutse mu buryo bwihariye. Abantu benshi bakora umunsi wabo batitaye ku makuru y’ibyumviro bahabwa. Ariko, ku babana n’indwara yo gukurura ibyiyumvo (SPD), ubuzima bwa buri munsi bushobora kuba ikibazo gikomeye.

Uko urushaho kumenya byinshi kuri SPD, niko urushaho gusobanukirwa uburyo umwana wawe ahura n’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibintu byihariye bimutera kumva bigira ingaruka. Ubu bumenyi bushobora kugufasha guhuza n’umwana wawe mu buryo butari bushoboka mbere.

Wibuke ko abaganga b'inzobere mu kuvura indwara z'akazi bafite ibikoresho byo kugufasha wowe cyangwa umwana wawe kumenyera no gutera imbere nubwo hari izi mbogamizi zo kumva. Barasobanukiwe ko SPD igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye, kandi bazakorana nawe kugira ngo bakore gahunda yihariye kandi yihariye yo kuvura. Hamwe no kwihangana, urukundo, n'ubufasha bukwiye , uru rugendo rurushaho kugenzurwa neza.

Nirogi Lanka Ibisobanuro: Indwara yo Gutunganya Ibitekerezo, SPD, imbogamizi mu by'ibyumviro, iterambere ry'umwana, Ubuvuzi bw'akazi, Autism, ADHD