Ese ubona amabara neza kurusha andi? Reka tuvuge kuri Tetrachromacy!

Ese wigeze wibaza niba ushobora kubona amabara menshi kurusha amabara arindwi y'umukororombya? Cyangwa wigeze ujya impaka n'inshuti yawe ku ibara ry'ikanzu, ukavuga uti "Oya, oya, iri ni iri bara," cyangwa "Oya, oya, iri ni ryo bara?" Niba ari byo, ushobora kuba ufite imbaraga zidasanzwe kandi zidasanzwe. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga ku bushobozi bwo kubona amabara mu buryo budasanzwe. Ibi tubyita tetrachromacy.

Tetrachromacy ni iki?

Muri make, tetrachromacy ni indwara idakunze kugaragara, yoroshye cyane yo kureba amabara, ikaba igaragara gusa ku bagore bamwe na bamwe. Si indwara, ni ikimenyetso.

Imbere mu maso yacu, hari igice cyitwa retina. Gifite ubwoko bwihariye bw'uturemangingo tubona urumuri. Utwo turemangingo twitwa photoreceptors. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'utwo turemangingo. Bumwe ni cones, ubundi ni rods. Uduti tudufasha kubona mu mukara n'umweru no mu rumuri ruto. Ututingi ahanini ni two dushinzwe kubona amabara.

Ubusanzwe, twese dufite ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'imboni mu maso yacu. Dukoresheje utu dutatu, dushobora gutandukanya no kumenya amabara agera kuri miliyoni.

Ariko, abantu bafite tetrachromacy bafite ubwoko bune bw'uturemangingo tw'amabara mu maso yabo. Kubera ako karemangingo ka kane k'amabara, bashobora kubona amabara miliyoni amagana, ari yo menshi inshuro ijana kurusha umuntu usanzwe. Tekereza, bashobora kubona amabara ibihumbi n'ibihumbi atandukanye bitewe gusa n'ibara ry'umutuku tubona.

Iyi selile ya kane y’umukara ikora ite?

Ubwa mbere, reka turebe ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'ingirabuzimafatizo twese dusanzwe dufite.

• Ifite umutuku wiyongera (L-cones): Izi zitwa 'L' (ndende) cones kuko umutuku ufite uburebure bw'uburebure.
• Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvamo icyatsi kibisi (M-cones): Izi zitwa 'M' (Medium) cones kuko ziba ziri hagati mu buryo bwo kureba.
• Ifite imiterere y’ubururu (S-cones): Izi zitwa 'S' (Short cones) cones kuko ubururu bufite uburebure bw’umurambararo bugufi.

Umuntu ufite tetrachromacy afite ubwoko bwa kane bw'uturemangingo tw'inyuma (cone cell) hiyongereyeho ubwo bwoko butatu. Ubusanzwe ibi birushaho kuba byoroshye kumenya imiterere iri hagati y'umutuku n'icyatsi kibisi, cyangwa orange. Iyi ngirabuzimafatizo y'inyuma iterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo .

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti, ni gute wabona amabara menshi ukoresheje akaremangingo kamwe k’inyongera? Tekereza urimo gushushanya. Ufite amabara atatu y’ibanze (umutuku, ubururu, icyatsi). Ushobora gukora amabara menshi uyavanga. Noneho niba ufite ibara rya kane ry’ibanze (urugero, umuhondo), ni amabara angahe mashya washobora gukora? Ibyo ni byo biba mu bwonko. Amakuru aturuka ku karemangingo k’inyongera ahuzwa n’amakuru aturuka ku tundi turemangingo tw’inyongera, maze ubwonko bugakora isi y’amabara irambuye cyane.

Kuki ibi bikunze kuba ku bagore gusa?

Iki ni cyo gice gishimishije cyane cy'ibi. Impamvu yabyo ifitanye isano na chromosomes zacu.

Ingirabuzimafatizo zigenzura uturemangingo tw’ingirabuzimafatizo tudufasha kubona umutuku n’icyatsi kibisi ziherereye kuri kromosomu ya X.

Nkuko mubizi, umugabo afite chromosome imwe ya X na chromosome imwe ya Y (XY). Rero, iyo gene iri kuri iyo chromosome imwe ya X ihindutse, uturemangingo twose tw’umutuku/icyatsi tuzahinduka. Niyo mpamvu abagabo bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kutabona amabara.

Ariko, abagore bafite chromosome ebyiri za X (XX). Bityo, chromosome imwe ya X ishobora kugira gene isanzwe naho indi chromosome ya X ikaba ifite gene yahinduwe. Muri icyo gihe, amaso y'umugore ashobora gukora uturemangingo dusanzwe tw'inyuma n'utundi turemangingo tw'inyuma duterwa na gene yahinduwe. Abagore bagera kuri 12% bafite iyi gene.

1. Akaremangingo ka kane k’umugozi kagomba kuba gafite ubushobozi bwo kumva inshuro zitandukanye: Iyo akaremangingo gashya k’umugozi gafite ubushobozi bwo kumva amabara amwe n’andi matsinda y’umugozi, ubwonko ntibuzabona andi makuru y’inyongera. Bityo nta tandukaniro rizabaho.

2. Ubwonko bukeneye inzira enye z'amabara: Ubwonko bw'umuntu ubusanzwe bwagenewe gutunganya amakuru hakoreshejwe inzira eshatu z'amabara. Rero nubwo haba hari akaremangingo ka kane k'ingirabuzimafatizo, niba ubwonko budafite inzira ya kane yo kwakira ayo makuru, ntibushobora kubyaza umusaruro ubwo bushobozi bwiyongereyeho.

Kubwibyo, abantu bafite ubwo buryo bwo kubona amabara menshi ni bake cyane.

None se, ntushobora gukora ikizamini kuri interineti kugira ngo urebe niba ufite ubwo bushobozi?

Nushakisha kuri interineti "Ese ufite tetrachromacy?" uzasangamo ibizamini byinshi. Ariko nta na kimwe muri byo gifatika .

Impamvu y'ibi ni iyoroshye. Ecran iri kuri terefone yawe, tableti, cyangwa mudasobwa igizwe n'imiyoboro itatu y'amabara gusa: Pikseli z'umutuku, icyatsi kibisi, n'ubururu (RGB). Rero, ntibishoboka gupima amaso yawe ukoresheje imiyoboro ine y'amabara kuri ecran ikoresha imiyoboro itatu y'amabara gusa.

Ibipimo nyabyo bya tetrachromacy bikorwa n'abahanga mu bya siyansi muri laboratwari, hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kandi bihenze , isuzuma rya ADN, n'ahantu hagenzurwa urumuri.

Ni gute umuntu ufite tetrachromacy abona isi?

Iki ni ikintu kidukomereye gusobanukirwa neza. Kubera ko amabara ari ubunararibonye bwihariye. Icyo ubona nk'umutuku si ibara rimwe n'iryo mbona. Hari itandukaniro rito.

Ariko iyo ubirebye mu mibare, dore itandukaniro.

Iyo urebye iyi mbonerahamwe, ubona itandukaniro, si byo se? Ni ubushobozi butangaje cyane. Aba bantu bashobora kubona amabara menshi inshuro ibihumbi amagana mu ndabyo, mu gishushanyo, cyangwa izuba rirenze kurusha uko umuntu usanzwe yabibona.

Niba rero ukeka ko ufite ubwo bushobozi, nubwo bigoye kubyemeza, shimishwa nuko isi ubona ifite amabara menshi. Mu by'ukuri ni impano idasanzwe ituruka ku bidukikije. Niba wumva ufite ikibazo cyangwa impinduka mu ibara ryawe, ni byiza kubibwira muganga wawe, cyane cyane umuganga w'amaso .