Nishan (w'imyaka 28) yaje kwa muganga uwo munsi yumva afite stress cyane kandi ababaye. Akimara kwinjira mu cyumba, yikubise ijosi areba hasi, aguma acecetse igihe kirekire.
"Muganga, nasomye inkuru kuri interineti nijoro ivuga ku gitabo cya Richard Dawkins cyitwa 'The Selfish Gene'. Dukurikije ibyo, twese turi imashini gusa, nk'amarobo, twagenewe kororoka utunyangingo, dukora dukurikije utunyangingo twacu. Data na ba sogokuru bafite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso na diyabete. None se ibyo bivuze ko utunyangingo twanjye twagenewe kuntera indwara muri ubwo buryo? Ese nta bwisanzure dufite bwo kugenzura ubuzima bwacu?" Nishan yabajije afite ubwoba bwinshi.
Narebye Nishan ndamwenyura nishimye. "Nishan, ntugire ubwoba. Richard Dawkins, wanditse icyo gitabo, yakoresheje ijambo 'ubwikunde' nk'ikigereranyo cy'inyamaswa gusa. Ibyo ntibivuze ko tudafite umudendezo wo kubaho. Nubwo genes ari igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubuzima bwacu, ntabwo turi robo gusa. Dushobora kugenzura uburyo gens zacu zikora binyuze mu ngeso zacu nziza, imirire, n'imibereho myiza yo mu mutwe. Muri siyansi y'ubuvuzi, ibi byitwa epigenetics. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku isano iri hagati y'iki gitekerezo cya siyansi cy'ingirabuzimafatizo y'ubwikunde n'ubuzima bwacu nyakuri."
Utunyangingo (genes) ni iki?
Utunyangingo ni utunyangingo duto tw’ibinyabuzima tugizwe n’amabwiriza y’ibanga akenewe kugira ngo umubiri wacu wose uko wakabaye urusheho gukora. Tuba mu tunyangingo twa ADN turi mu tunyangingo twacu.
Izi ngirabuzimafatizo ntizigena gusa ibara ry'amaso yacu, uburebure, n'imiterere y'uruhu rwacu, ahubwo zinagena uburyo ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu burwanya indwara. Nubwo ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora gusa nk'ibice bidafite ubuzima, ni zo mbaraga nyamukuru zituma ubuzima bukomeza kubaho ku Isi.
Ese koko ingirabuzimafatizo ntizipfa?
Twese abantu turapfa umunsi umwe. Imibiri yacu ntabwo ihoraho. Ariko ingirabuzimafatizo ziri mu mibiri yacu ntizipfa. Zihererekanywa kuva mu bisekuru kugeza ku bindi binyuze mu bana bacu n'abuzukuru bacu.
Amwe mu magene ashobora kubaho imyaka miliyoni nta gihinduka mu mibiri y'inyamaswa n'abantu. Niyo mpamvu Richard Dawkins yise magene "immortal replicators." Guhitamo karemano byemeza ko magene akwiriye ibidukikije kandi ashobora gukwirakwira mu gisekuru gikurikira ari yo yonyine azabaho.
Imashini zikora ku buzima zitwara jeni (Imashini zo kurokoka)
Dukurikije igitekerezo cya "gene y’ubwikunde," imibiri yacu, yaba inyamaswa n’abantu, yagenewe kubungabunga no guha ingirabuzimafatizo zacu abakomoka ku gisekuru gitaha. Dawkins yise imibiri yacu "imashini zo kubaho" ku ngirabuzimafatizo.
- Kurya: Turarya kugira ngo tubone imbaraga dukeneye kugira ngo tubungabunge imibiri yacu kandi turinde uturemangingo twacu.
- Kwita ku nkoko:Inyamaswa zikora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zirinde abana bazo, kuko zizungura 50% by'uturemangingo twazo.
- Gukurura imibonano mpuzabitsina: Inyoni z'amababa zigaragaza ubwoya bwazo bwiza kugira ngo zikureho inyoni kandi zigaherere ingirabuzimafatizo zazo ku gisekuru gikurikira.
Irushanwa n'Ubufatanye mu Iterambere
Kurokoka kw'ubuzima ni irushanwa rihoraho. Iri rushanwa ribera ahanini hagati y'uturemangingo.
Isiganwa hagati y'inguge n'impala
Uturemangingo tw’inguge tugerageza kuyiha imbaraga zo kwiruka no kugira inzara zityaye. Kugira ngo inguge ibashe gufata umuhigo wayo no kubaho. Ku rundi ruhande, uturemangingo tw’inguge tugerageza kuyiha imbaraga zo kwihutisha no kwihisha. Bityo, uturemangingo tw’impande zombi tugerageza gutsinda utwe, kandi ibi byitwa ubwoko bw’intwaro bw’impinduka.
Ubufatanye mu by'Ihindagurika
Nubwo uturemangingo twikunda, rimwe na rimwe ubufatanye ni ingenzi kugira ngo uturemangingo tubeho. Urugero, iyo inzuki zirimo gukurura indabyo, zinyunyuza umutobe w'indabyo. Ubufatanye hagati y'inzuki n'indabyo bufasha mu gukomeza uturemangingo tw'impande zombi.
Utunyangingo twa Hox: Utunyangingo tw'igihe cya kamere
Utunyangingo twa Hox ni itsinda ry'ingenzi cyane ry'utunyangingo tugena imiterere y'umubiri (umutwe, igituza, n'amaguru) by'inyamaswa.
Izi genes zakomeje guhinduka cyane mu myaka amagana na miriyoni. Isano iri hagati ya genes za Hox zigena imiterere y'umubiri w'isazi n'igenes za Hox zigena imiterere y'umubiri w'umuntu ryanatunguye abahanga mu bya siyansi. Izi ni imiterere y'igihe nyacyo, kandi iki ni igihamya gikomeye cy'uko ubuzima bwose ku Isi bwakomotse ku mukurambere umwe.
Ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubwikunde n'imyitwarire y'abantu
Inyuma y'imyitwarire yacu myinshi hari amabwiriza atangwa n'ubwonko kugira ngo habeho kubaho kwa za jeni.
- Urukundo rw'ababyeyi: Ababyeyi biteguye kwigomwa icyo ari cyo cyose ku bw'abana babo kuko uturemangingo twabo tuba turi mu bana. Mu bijyanye n'uturemangingo, ibi byitwa "guhitamo urubyaro".
- Urukundo n'ishyingiranwa: Iyo duhisemo uwo tuzabana, duhitamo umuntu ufite ubuzima bwiza kandi ufite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwiza, tugamije kubyara abana bakomeye.
🚨 Amabwiriza yo kwirinda no gutanga inama ku buvuzi
Niba hari indwara ziterwa n'uturemangingo mu muryango wawe, ni ngombwa kuzimenya.
Ibihe aho ugomba guhita ugana muganga no gusaba inama:
- Niba hari abantu benshi bo mu muryango wa hafi barwaye kanseri, indwara z'umutima, cyangwa impyiko zidafite ubushobozi bwo kuvura bakiri bato.
- Niba impande zombi z'umuryango w'abashakanye bashaka kurushinga zifite indwara z'amaraso zikomoka ku rurango nka Thalassemia.
- Niba urimo uhura n'ingaruka zo gukuramo inda mu gihe utegereje umwana.
Ibyo gukora n'ibyo udakwiye gukora
| ✔️ Ibintu byo gukora (Gukora) | ❌ Ntugakore ibyo udakwiye gukora |
|---|---|
| Menya neza amateka y'umuryango wawe. | Ntugatinye gutekereza ko kuba mu muryango wawe hari indwara, nawe uzarwara indwara imwe. |
| Kugenzura ingaruka mbi z'uturemangingo binyuze mu mirire myiza no kubaho ubuzima burangwa n'ibikorwa. | Ntugahangayike cyane utekereza ku ndwara ziterwa n’uturemangingo utabanje kugirwa inama n’ibipimo by’abaganga. |
| Niba bibaye ngombwa, shaka inama ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'umubiri w'umuntu ukoresheje inama z'abaganga. | Irinde gusimbuka ibizamini byatanzwe na muganga wawe mu gihe utwite. |
❓ Hari ibindi bibazo ushobora kuba ufite (FAQ)
Ese gene y'ubwikunde isobanura ko twese tuvuka turi ubwikunde? ▼
Oya. Ijambo 'ubwikunde' rikoreshwa hano mu gusobanura ingeso karemano y'uturemangingo yo guha kopi zatwo abakomoka ku gisekuru gitaha, ntabwo ari ukugaragaza ibitekerezo by'abantu cyangwa imyitwarire myiza. Mu by'ukuri, iyi nyigisho isobanura ko ubufatanye n'ubwitange hagati y'abantu n'inyamaswa akenshi bifasha uturemangingo kubaho.
Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wanjye ufite indwara y’uturemangingo, nanjye nzayirwara koko? ▼
Oya. Nubwo amateka y'umuryango ashobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara, ntabwo yemeza ko uzayirwara 100%. Indwara nyinshi, nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, n'indwara z'umutima, ziterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Ni ukuvuga ko, uretse imiterere y'uturemangingo, ibintu biturutse hanze nk'imibereho yawe, imirire, imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'imihangayiko nabyo bigena niba iyo imiterere y'uturemangingo ikora cyangwa idakora.
Ese gupima imiterere y'uturemangingo bishobora kumenya indwara hakiri kare? ▼
Yego. Dukurikije siyansi y’ubuvuzi iriho ubu, ibizamini bya genetike hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cy’amaraso bishobora kugaragaza indwara z’uruhererekane ushobora kuba ufite mu kaga ko kurwara mu gihe kizaza (urugero: impinduka za genetike za BRCA1/BRCA2 zigena ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere). Uku kubimenya hakiri kare bigufasha gufata ingamba zikenewe mu buvuzi no guhindura imibereho yawe kugira ngo wirinde iyi ndwara.
Ese guhindura ingirabuzimafatizo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga nka CRISPR ni byiza? ▼
CRISPR-Cas9 ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rishobora gukata no guhindura ADN neza. Ubu irimo gupimwa mu buvuzi kugira ngo ivure indwara zikomeye za genetiki nka hemophilia na sickle cell anemia, kandi iragenda neza cyane. Ariko, haracyari ubushakashatsi bukomeye bwa siyansi n'amabwiriza hirya no hino ku isi ku bijyanye n'umutekano wayo n'amahame mbwirizamuco.
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