Reka twige byose kuri Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 mu buryo bworoshye.

Ese umwana wawe anyotewe cyane kandi ahora yihagarika? Ese yatangiye kunyara nijoro? Cyangwa arimo kugabanya ibiro nubwo yaryaga neza? Ntugafate ko ibi bintu ari ibisanzwe. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya mbere by'indwara yitwa Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1. Iyi ni indwara y'ubuzima bwose ishobora kwibasira abana bato, abakiri bato, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'abantu bakuru. Ariko ntugahangayike, tuzabiganiraho birambuye.

Mu magambo make, Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere ni iki?

Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ni indwara iterwa n'ikibazo cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu. Mu by'ukuri, ni indwara iterwa n'ubwiyongere bw'umubiri . Ubusanzwe, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu burwanya mikorobe zitera indwara. Ariko muri iki gihe, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwacu bugenda nabi bugatangira gusenya uturemangingo two mu ipanjisi yacu dukora imisemburo ya insuline.

Tekereza ko insuline ari urufunguzo rufungura imiryango y’uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu. Kugira ngo isukari (glucose) mu byo turya yinjire mu turemangingo nk'ingufu, uru rufunguzo rwa insuline ni ngombwa cyane. Rero iyo utwo turemangingo twangijwe, ikorwa rya insuline rihagarara burundu. Icyaba gihari ni uko isukari iri mu maraso idashobora kwinjira mu turemangingo kandi ikirundanya mu maraso. Ibi tubyita urugero rw’isukari nyinshi mu maraso (hyperglycemia). Ibi iyo bitagenzuwe, bishobora kwangiza umubiri cyane.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere? Ubimenya ute?

Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bitangira buhoro buhoro kandi bishobora gukomera mu minsi mike cyangwa ibyumweru bike. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe afite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa cyane kujya kwa muganga vuba bishoboka kugira ngo aguhe inama.

Ibi bimenyetso byihutirwa bigaragaza indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga yitwa Diabete Ketoacidosis (DKA). Nubona ikintu nk'iki, jya mu bitaro byita ku barwayi ba ETU vuba.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Impamvu ni iyihe?

Abahanga mu bya siyansi ntibaramenya impamvu nyayo itera diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ariko bemeza ko iterwa n'uruvange rw'imiterere y'uturemangingo n'ibidukikije .

Mu magambo make, umuntu ashobora kuba afite imiterere y’uturemangingo (genetic) ituma arwara iyi ndwara. Hanyuma, virusi cyangwa ikindi kintu kiri mu bidukikije gishobora gutuma ubwirinzi bw’umubiri butera icyo gitero kitari cyo.

Iyo hari umuntu mu muryango ufite iyi ndwara, ibyago byo kurwara abandi biba biri hejuru gato.

• Iyo nta muntu n'umwe mu muryango uyifite, ibyago ni 1 kuri 250.
• Iyo umubyeyi ayirwaye, ibyago biri hagati ya 1 kuri 25 na 1 kuri 100.
• Iyo se afite iyo ndwara, ibyago ni 1 kuri 17.
• Iyo ababyeyi bombi bayirwaye, ibyago bishobora kuba hagati ya 1 kuri 10 na 1 kuri 4.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere?

Isukari nyinshi mu maraso idagenzuwe mu gihe kirekire ishobora kwangiza ibice bitandukanye by'umubiri. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kugumana isukari mu maraso mu rugero rukwiye.

Ingorane zishoboka:

• Ibibazo by'amaso: ibintu nko kutabona neza (retinopathy), indwara ya cataract.
• Ibibazo by'ibirenge: Kubura ibikomere mu maguru, ibikomere bidakira kandi bikaba bikomeye.
• Indwara z'umutima n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Indwara y'impyiko: Kwangirika kw'impyiko uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Kwangirika kw'imitsi (Neuropathy): Ibintu nko kugira ibinya no gucika intege mu ngingo.
• Indwara z'uruhu: Uruhu rwumye, indwara zikunze kwandura.
• Ingaruka zo kurwara indwara yo mu bwonko ziyongera.

Aho gutinya ibi bintu, ibuka ko ushobora kwirinda ibi bibazo hafi ya byose ugenzura neza urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe. Nanone, kubana n'iyi ndwara bishobora gutera stress no kwiheba. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwita ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe bw'umubiri . Shaka inama kwa muganga nibiba ngombwa.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma neza iyi ndwara?

Gusuzuma diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 akenshi biroroshye. Muganga wawe azakora ibi bizamini:

• Isuzuma rya glucose mu maraso: Iyo indwara igaragaye, urugero rw'isukari rukunze kuba ruri hejuru cyane.
• Ikizamini cya A1c (Ikizamini cya hemoglobine ya Glycosylated): Iki gipimo cy'isukari mu maraso yawe mu mezi atatu ashize.
• Ikizamini cy’umubiri urwanya indwara: Iki gikoreshwa mu kwemeza niba ufite diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 cyangwa 2. Iyo mu maraso harimo uturemangingo tw’umubiri tujyanye na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, byemezwa ko ari ubwoko bwa 1.

Byongeye kandi, ushobora no gukora ibintu nko gupima inkari kugira ngo urebe niba hari ketone mu nkari.

Bivurwa bite kandi bigacungwa bite?

Kubana na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa mbere bivuze ko ugomba gufata insuline buri munsi kugira ngo ubeho. Ibi ntibishoboka ukoresheje ikinini. Insuline irarokora ubuzima bw'aba barwayi. Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura ni ugutuma igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso kiguma mu rugero rwiza.

Iki si ikintu ugomba gukora wenyine. Itsinda ry’abaganga b’indwara z’imitsi n’indwara za diyabete bashobora kugufasha. Ariko ugomba gufata ibyemezo buri munsi. Hari ibice bitatu by’ingenzi mu micungire:

1. Kuvura insuline

2. Gukurikirana isukari

3. Uburezi n'ubukangurambaga bikenewe (Uburezi)

Uburyo bwo gufata insuline

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa insuline. Buratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo ikora vuba n'igihe imara mu mubiri. Ushobora gukenera gukoresha ubwoko burenze bumwe. Hari uburyo bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwo kubona insuline:

• Gutera inshinge nyinshi ku munsi (MDI): Gutera insuline mu gipimo cy'ibinure kiri munsi y'uruhu inshuro nyinshi ku munsi ukoresheje syringe.
• Ikaramu ya insuline: Iki ni igikoresho gisa n'ikaramu kiza cyuzuyemo insuline mbere. Biroroshye gukoresha kuruta inshinge.
• Pompe ya insuline: Iki ni igikoresho gito gitanga insuline mu mubiri ku gipimo gikenewe umunsi wose binyuze mu muyoboro muto ushyizwe munsi y'uruhu.
• Insulini ihumekwa:Hariho kandi ubwoko bwa insuline ihumekwa mu kanwa, nk'iy'ihumekwa ikoreshwa n'abarwayi ba asima.

Ingano ya insuline ukeneye ishobora guhinduka umunsi ku wundi, bitewe n'imyaka, igihe urwaye, cyangwa mu gihe utwite.

Gukurikirana urugero rw'isukari

Ugomba kwitondera urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe umunsi wose.

• Igipimo cy'isukari mu maraso: Igikoresho gipima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso gifata igitonyanga gito cy'amaraso mu rutoki.
• CGM (Gukurikirana Isukari mu Buryo Buhoraho - CGM): Uburyo buhora bupima urugero rw'isukari mu maraso buri minota mike hakoreshejwe agakoresho gato gashyirwa munsi y'uruhu maze kohereza amakuru kuri telefoni yawe cyangwa ikindi gikoresho. Ubu buboneka muri Sri Lanka.

Muganga wawe azaguha urugero rw'isukari mu maraso. Icy'ingenzi ni ukugerageza kuguma kuri urwo rugero.

Ese iyi ndwara ishobora gukira burundu?

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti uhari wa diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ariko abahanga mu bya siyansi bakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gukumira iyi ndwara cyangwa kugenzura uko igenda ikura.

Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byateye imbere, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ubuvuzi bwo gutera urubyaro, ariko butera ibyago byinshi.

• Gutera uturemangingo tw’isugi: Gutera uturemangingo dutera insuline gusa.
• Gutera impyiko mu gihe cy'impyiko: Ibi bikunze gukorwa icyarimwe ku barwayi bakeneye guterwa impyiko.

Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora guteza akaga bukiri mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi kandi butaboneka kuri buri wese.