Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, bakubwira "gufata icyitegererezo cy'inkari" si byo se? Ese wigeze wibaza icyo iki kizamini cyoroshye, aho ushyira inkari nke mu gikombe gito, gishaka mu by'ukuri? Hari abantu batekereza ko gisuzuma gusa indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari. Ariko ukuri ni ukwimbitse cyane kuruta ibyo. Iki cyitegererezo gito cy'inkari gishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ku bintu byinshi biri mu mubiri wawe, nk'indwara z'impyiko, ibibazo by'umwijima, na diyabete. Reka tubiganireho uyu munsi.
Iki gipimo cy'inkari (Urinalysis) ni iki?
Muri make, isuzuma ry'inkari ni urukurikirane rw'ibizamini bipima inkari zawe bikareba ibintu bitandukanye birimo. Hari ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'iki kizamini.
1. Isuzuma ry'amaso: Ibi bikubiyemo kureba ibintu nk'ibara ry'inkari n'uko zigaragara cyangwa zitagaragara.
2. Ikizamini cya Dipstick: Agace gatwikiriwe n'imiti yihariye gashyirwa mu nkari kandi ibintu bitandukanye bipimwa hifashishijwe uburyo ibara rihinduka.
3. Isuzuma rya Mikorosikopi: Icyitegererezo gito cy'inkari gishyirwa munsi ya mikorosikopi kugira ngo harebwe ibintu nk'uturemangingo na bagiteri bitabonwa n'amaso.
Akenshi, icyo ugomba gukora ni ugutanga icyitegererezo cy'inkari kwa muganga. Hanyuma, bakacyohereza muri laboratwari bagakora ibizamini byavuzwe haruguru. Hari igihe muganga ashobora gukora ikizamini cya dipstick mu cyumba cye maze akaguha ibisubizo ako kanya.
Iki kizamini kirashaka iki?
Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'indwara umuganga wawe akeka, ni we uzafata icyemezo cyo gukora ibi bizamini bitatu byose cyangwa kimwe cyangwa bibiri gusa. Reka turebe icyo buri kimwe muri ibi bizamini gishaka.
1. Ikizamini cyo kureba
- Ibara: Inkari nziza akenshi ziba zifite ibara ry'umuhondo woroshye kugeza ku ibara ry'umuhondo wijimye. Iri bara riratandukanye bitewe n'ingano y'amazi unywa. Rishobora kuba ridafite ibara iyo unyoye amazi menshi, cyangwa umuhondo wijimye iyo unyoye amazi make. Ariko, iyo zifite ibara ridasanzwe, nk'umutuku cyangwa umukara, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara.
- Umucyo: Ubusanzwe inkari ziba zisukuye, ariko iyo zibaye ibicu, bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu.
2. Ikizamini cyo gupima (dipstick)
Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ikizamini. Aka gace gato ka pulasitiki gashobora guhishura amabanga menshi y'umubiri wawe.
| Ni iki kirimo kugeragezwa? | Icyo bishobora gusobanura |
|---|---|
| Ubushyuhe (pH) | Igipimo cy'aside mu nkari kirapimwa. pH iri hejuru ishobora kugaragaza ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa indwara y'inkari (UTI). pH iri hasi ishobora kugaragaza indwara ya diyabete (ketoacidosis) cyangwa impiswi. |
| Bilirubini | Ibibazo by'umwijima cyangwa umwijima bishobora gutuma bilirubin yirundanya mu nkari. |
| Amaraso (Amaraso - Hemoglobine) | Iyo hari amaraso mu nkari (hematuria), bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu, imvune mu nzira y'inkari, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cyangwa kanseri. |
| Isukari (Glukosi) | Umuntu muzima nta sukari iba mu nkari ze. Iyo isukari igaragara mu nkari, ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cya diyabete cyangwa diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita. |
| Ketones | Ketones zikorwa iyo umubiri utwitse ibinure kugira ngo ubone ingufu. Kuba hari ketones mu nkari bigaragaza indwara yitwa Diabetic Ketoacidosis, ikibazo cya diyabete. |
| Esterase y'amaraso mu mubiri | Iyi ni enzyme irwanya ubwandu mu mubiri. Kuba iri mu nkari bivuze ko hari ubwandu cyangwa ububyimbirwe ahantu runaka mu nzira y'inkari. Ibi akenshi ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu bw'inkari (UTI). |
| Nitrites | Hari ubwoko bwa bagiteri mu nzira y'inkari zikora nitrites, bityo iyo ibi biri mu nkari, ni ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'inkari (UTI). |
| Poroteyine | Urugero rwa poroteyine (cyane cyane albumin) mu nkari rushobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ibintu nko kwangirika kw'impyiko (cyane cyane bitewe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso cyangwa diyabete), indwara z'umutima, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ikabije, cyangwa kubura amazi mu mubiri. |
| Uburemere bwihariye | Ibi bipima ingano y'inkari, ni ukuvuga ubunini bwazo. Niba ibi bidasanzwe, hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kuba zihari. |
3. Isuzuma rya mikorosikopi
Hari ibintu bitagaragara ku gikoresho cyo kubyibuha. Ukeneye mikorosikopi kugira ngo ubyibone.
Tekereza igitonyanga cy'inkari zawe nk'umujyi muto. Iyo tuwurebye dukoresheje mikorosikopi, dushobora kumenya "abatuye" (uturemangingo) n' "abajura" (bagiteri) muri uwo mujyi.
| Ni iki gishobora kuboneka? | Icyo bishobora gusobanura |
|---|---|
| Amabuye y'agaciro | Kuba hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa kristu mu nkari bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'uko amabuye y'impyiko arimo kuvuka. |
| Utunyangingo tw'inyuma | Ni ibisanzwe kugira uturemangingo duke dusohoka mu nkuta z'umuyoboro w'inkari, ariko umubare munini muri two ushobora kugaragaza ubwandu, ububyimbirwe, cyangwa indwara ya kanseri. |
| Bagiteri, umusemburo, udukoko | Kuba ibi biri mu nkari bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara y'inkari (UTI), indwara y'umusemburo, cyangwa indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STIs). |
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura (RBC) | Ibi bishobora kugaragaza amaraso make mu nkari ari mato cyane ku buryo amaso atabasha kuyabona. Umubare munini w'ayo maraso ushobora kugaragaza ikibazo mu ruhago, mu mpyiko, cyangwa mu nzira y'inkari. |
| Inkari zikoreshwa mu nkari | Utu duce tw’umuzenguruko dukozwe muri poroteyine ikorwa n’uturemangingo tw’impyiko. Kuba hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw’udusimba bishobora kugaragaza indwara y’impyiko, mu gihe kuba hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe ari ibisanzwe. |
| Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru (WBC) | Izi ni uturemangingo tw’umubiri twirinda indwara. Kugira uturemangingo twinshi mu nkari zawe bivuze ko hari ubwandu cyangwa ububyimbirwe mu nzira y’inkari zawe. |
Kuki nsabwa gupimwa inkari?
Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gupima iki kizamini bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye.
- Mu rwego rwo kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri mwaka.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, nko kwandura mu nzira y'inkari cyangwa kwihagarika kenshi.
- Kugenzura indwara nka diyabete cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.
- Nk'ikizamini gisanzwe mu gihe utwite.
- Iyo winjijwe mu bitaro.
- Mbere yo kubagwa.
Ni gute nakwitegura iki kizamini?
Ibi ubusanzwe ntibisaba kwitegura cyane, ariko ni byiza kumenya ibintu bimwe na bimwe.
- Niba bigoye kunyara mu isuzuma, nywa ikirahuri cy'amazi cyiyongereyeho. Ariko, kunywa amazi menshi bishobora gutera ibisubizo bitari byo.
- Niba uri mu mihango, bwira muganga wawe cyangwa laboratwari mbere y'igihe, kuko amaraso ashobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo by'ibizamini.
- Hari abantu bagira ikibazo cyo kunyara hanze y'urugo (shy bladder syndrome). Niba ufite iki kibazo, ganira na muganga wawe kuri cyo. Azagufasha kuguha uburyo bworoshye bwo kubikora.
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye, muganga wawe ashobora kuvuga ati:
- Fata icyitegererezo cy'inkari zawe za mbere mu gitondo.
- Irinde kurya ibiryo bimwe na bimwe mbere yo kwipimisha.
- Hagarika by'agateganyo gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo. ( Ikirenze byose: Ntugahagarike gufata imiti iyo ari yo yose utabanje kugirwa inama na muganga. )
Ni gute wabona icyitegererezo cy'inkari neza? (Uburyo bwo Gufata Indwara)
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ikizamini kibe cyiza ni ugukusanya neza icyitegererezo cy'inkari. Ibi byitwa "uburyo bwo gufata neza". Ibi bibuza mikorobe ku ruhu kwivanga n'inkari.
Laboratwari izaguha igikombe cyihariye n'udupira twanduye. Mbere na mbere, karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi.
Ku bagore
1. Icara ku musarani hanyuma ushyire amaguru yawe hasi gato.
2. Sakaza imikaya y'ingore ukoresheje intoki ebyiri.
3. Hanagura imbere mu nda y'ingore, uhereye imbere ujya inyuma , ukoresheje imwe mu mitako yanduye wahawe.
4. Sukura hafi y'umwenge w'inkari ukoresheje ikindi gitambaro gisukuye.
5. Noneho tangira kunyara, hanyuma ushyire ibitonyanga bya mbere by'inkari mu musarani.
6. Hanyuma hagarika kunyara, fata igikombe kiri munsi y'umwobo w'inkari, hanyuma unyore kugeza igihe igikombe cyuzuye kimwe cya kabiri.
7. Suka inkari zisigaye mu musarani.
Ku bagabo
1. Sukura umutwe w'igitsina gabo ukoresheje agatambaro kabigenewe. Niba utarakebwa, subiza inyuma agahu k'igitsina hanyuma ukosore neza.
2. Tangira kunyara, hanyuma ushyire ibitonyanga bya mbere mu musarani.
3. Noneho hagarika kunyara, fata igikombe munsi y'igitsina cyawe, hanyuma unyore kugeza igihe igikombe cyuzuye kimwe cya kabiri.
4. Sukura ibisigaye mu musarani.
Ese nkwiye guhangayikishwa niba ibisubizo ari ibidasanzwe?
Iki ni ikibazo abantu benshi bafite. Kuba agaciro kamwe ku isuzuma ry'inkari zawe kaba kadasanzwe, ntibivuze ko ufite indwara ikomeye.
Ntugasuzume raporo gusa ngo umenye niba hari ikibazo. Ni nko kugerageza gusobanukirwa inkuru yose usoma ijambo rimwe gusa mu gitabo. Muganga wawe ni we wenyine uzi ishusho yose.
Hari igihe ibindi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bisubizo.
- Imiti imwe na imwe na vitamine ufata (urugero: vitamine C).
- Udukoko dushobora gukwirakwira mu ruhu cyangwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina iyo hafashwe icyitegererezo.
Rero, uko ibyavuye muri raporo byaba bimeze kose, ntugatinye ukavugana na muganga wawe. Azagereranya ibimenyetso byawe n'ibindi bibazo by'uburwayi kandi agusobanurire icyo ibyo bisubizo bivuze mu by'ukuri. Nibiba ngombwa, azagutegeka ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Ikizamini cy'inkari ni ikizamini cyoroshye cyane, kidatera ububabare, ariko gifite agaciro gakomeye gitanga amakuru menshi ku buzima bwawe.
- Kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo nyabyo, ni ngombwa gutanga icyitegererezo cy'inkari neza ukoresheje uburyo bwa "Clean Catch".
- Ntugatinye kubera ko agaciro kamwe muri raporo kadasanzwe. Bishobora guterwa n'izindi mpamvu z'igihe gito.
- Buri gihe ganira ku bisubizo by'inkari zawe na muganga ukuvura. Ntukiyimenyeshe ubwawe ushingiye ku makuru aturuka kuri interineti cyangwa ku bandi.
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