Zvinhu zvaunofanira kuziva nezvekuongororwa kwemishonga!

Kana ukakumbirwa kuti uedze mushonga, unozivikanwawo se'Drug Test', zvakajairika kuti unzwe kutya uye kutya zvishoma. 'Sei izvi?' 'Chii chichaitika?' Mibvunzo yakawanda ingauya mupfungwa dzako. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezve kuti bvunzo iyi yemushonga chii chaizvo, kuti inoitwa riini, kuti inoitwa sei, uye kuti unganzwisisa sei mhedzisiro. Kana uchiziva zvinhu izvi zvakanaka, unogona kudzivirira kutya kusingakoshi.

Chii chinonzi bvunzo yemishonga?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, bvunzo yemushonga ibvunzo inoshandisa sampuro yemuviri wako - chimwe chinhu chakaita seweti, ropa, bvudzi, kana mate - kuona kana wakashandisa mushonga uri pamutemo kana kuti usingabvumirwi nemutemo. Miedzo iyi inoitwa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana uye uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana.

Patinoti zvinodhaka, hatirevi doro nefodya zviri pamutemo chete, asiwo mishonga inotengeswa kunze kwemutemo, mishonga inonyorerwa nachiremba, uye zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo. Asi chinhu chimwe chete chekurangarira ndechekuti bvunzo imwe chete yemishonga haigone kuratidza kuti munhu anga achishandisa zvinodhaka kwenguva yakareba sei kana kuti zvakanyanya sei. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, zvakaoma kuona kana munhu ari kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kurongeka kana kuti ane dambudziko rekushandisa zvinodhaka.

Mwero wekushandiswa kwemishonga yakasiyana mumuviri wedu unosiyana. Nokudaro, nguva inotora kuti mimwe mishonga ionekwe mumuviri inoenderana nemushonga wega wega uye inogona kusiyana zvikuru. Parizvino, bvunzo inonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora mishonga ndeyekuyedzwa kwemushonga weti (UDT).

Ndirini pandinofanira kuongororwa mushonga?

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvingaita kuti ude kuongororwa mushonga. Ngationei kuti ndezvipi.

Kuedzwa Kwebasa

Kuongororwa kwemishonga kunowanzoitwa kubasa. Vashandirwi vanogona kukumbira bvunzo idzi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana:

• Usati watora mushandi mutsva: Mamwe masangano anoita bvunzo iyi asati atora mushandi mutsva.
• Paunenge uri pabasa: Mamwe masangano anoedza vashandi vawo zvisina tsarukano kana kuti nenguva yakatarwa.
• Kana paine fungidziro yekuti mushandi anoshandisa zvinodhaka: Kana maitiro ake kana zviratidzo zvake zvichiratidza kuti ari kushandisa zvinodhaka.
• Kana tsaona ikaitika kubasa: Kana mushandi akapinda mutsaona kubasa, kuferefeta uku kunogonawo kuitwa kuti paonekwe chikonzero chacho.

Zvikonzero Zvekurapa & Kurapwa Kwekupindwa Muropa

Miedzo iyi inoshandiswa kuongorora, kurapa, uye kuongorora matambudziko ekushandisa doro nezvimwe zvinetso zvekushandisa zvinodhaka. Inogona kubatsira kuona kuti munhu ari kupindura zvakanaka sei kurapwa, angave ari kuramba asina kudhakwa, kana kuti adzoka kunwa doro zvakare.

Miedzo iyi inogonawo kudiwa panguva yezvirongwa zvekurapa zvakarairwa nedare, nguva dzekuedzwa, kana panguva yekutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekurapa kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.

Zvimwe zvikonzero

Kune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu apo bvunzo dzemishonga dzinodiwa.

• Kuongororwa kwechiremba uye kuongororwa kwechirwere: Vanachiremba vanogona kuita bvunzo idzi kuti vaone chikonzero chezviratidzo zvemunhu, kana panguva yekukurumidzira kana vachifungidzira kuti mushonga wakawandisa kana kuti wakabatwa nechirwere chepfu. Semuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu akangoerekana arasikirwa nepfungwa, izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuona kana akambotora mishonga.
• Pamutemo: Miedzo iyi inoshandiswa mumatare edzimhosva kuunganidza humbowo hune chekuita nemhosva, kuferefeta nyaya dzekushungurudzwa kwevana kana kuti kuzviisa panjodzi, uye kuona kana mumwe munhu ari kutyaira akadhakwa kana zvimwe zvinodhaka.
• Kuongororwa Kwekushandiswa Zvisina Kunaka Kwemishonga Nechiremba: Kana uri kutora mushonga unonyanya kupindwa muropa uye unowanzo shandiswa zvisina kunaka, wakadai seopioids, chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo iyi kuti aone kuti mushonga iwoyo wakawanda sei uri mumuviri wako.
• Kune vatambi: Vatambi vehunyanzvi vanofanirwa kuongororwa izvi kuti vaone kana vakamboshandisa mishonga inowedzera simba kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinovandudza simba ravo.

Ndedzipi mhando dzemiedzo yemishonga dziripo?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuyedzwa kwemishonga, zvichienderana nemuenzaniso wemuviri washandiswa uye rudzi rwemushonga uri kuyedzwa.

Ngationei kuti ndeapi marudzi makuru emiedzo zvichienderana nemuenzaniso:

• Kuongororwa Kwemishonga Yeweti (UDT): Iyi ndiyo bvunzo inonyanya kushandiswa . Inoda sampuro yeweti yako. Inonyanya kushandiswa kuona zvinhu zvakaita sedoro, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, opioids, cocaine, uye mbanje (THC).
• Kuongororwa Kwemishonga Yeropa: Vanachiremba vanoshandisa izvi kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi. Zvinoshandiswawo kuona huwandu chaihwo hwedoro (ethanol) nekuti zvinogona kupa chiyero chakarurama.
• Kuongororwa Kwemishonga yeFollicle Yebvudzi:Muenzaniso webvudzi unogona kukuudza kana munhu anga achishandisa zvinodhaka kwenguva yakareba. Bvudzi rinobva mumusoro rinogona kuona kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka mukati memwedzi mitatu. Bvudzi rinobva kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri rinogona kuona izvi kwemwedzi inosvika gumi nemiviri! Zvisinei, mhedzisiro inogona kusiyana kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe, zvichienderana nerudzi rwebvudzi. Cocaine, Phencyclidine (PCP), Amphetamines, Opioids, uye 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) zvinogona kuonekwa uchishandisa nzira iyi.
• Kuongororwa Kwemishonga Yekufema: Izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuona kana munhu achangobva kunwa doro. Mhedzisiro yacho inonzi Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC). Mapurisa anoshandisa izvi kufungidzira huwandu hwedoro muropa remunhu (BAC). Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kukosha kweBrAC kunogona kunge kwakakwira kana kuderera pane kukosha kweBAC. Tsvagiridzo itsva iri kuitwawo kuona kana zvinhu zvakaita secocaine, mbanje, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, opioids, methadone, uye buprenorphine zvichigona kuonekwa mukufema.
• Kuongororwa Kwemishonga Yekuyamwa: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa pad inonyudza ganda woibvisa mushure menguva yakati kuti uiongorore. Izvi zvinopa ruzivo rwekuti munhu akashandisa mushonga wakawanda sei panguva yese yaaishandisa pad. Kuongororwa kweyamwa kunogona kuona kushandiswa kwemushonga kwemaawa kusvika kumavhiki.

Chii chinoonekwa pakuongorora mishonga?

Kana munhu akanwa mushonga, unotorwa kubva mudumbu redu woendeswa kumuviri wese. Zvadaro, chiropa chedu nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri dzinopwanya mushonga wacho, kana kuugadzira. Nekuda kwemaitiro aya ekuchinja muviri, mushonga uyu unoshandurwa kuita mamwe makemikari. Aya anonzi metabolites. Mushure menguva yakati, mushonga uyu uye/kana metabolites yawo zvinobviswa mumuviri, kunyanya muweti.

Saka, bvunzo yemushonga inoitwa kuti ionekwe kana paine mishonga chaiyo uye/kana metabolites yayo mumuenzaniso wehupenyu (semuenzaniso weti, ropa).

Maitiro aya ekugadzirisa muviri anoitika nematanho akasiyana pamushonga wega wega. Nokudaro, nguva inotora kuti mushonga wega wega uye metabolites yawo zvionekwe nekuyedzwa yakasiyana.Funga kuti mimwe mishonga, yakaita seamphetamines, inogona kuonekwa muweti semushonga wekutanga. Zvisinei, kune mimwe mishonga yakawanda, metabolites yavo inogona kuonekwa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura mushonga wekutanga.

Dzimwe nguva bvunzo yemushonga inogona kuona mushonga mumwe chete. Zvisinei, kazhinji, mishonga yakati wandei inoedzwa mumuenzaniso mumwe chete. Izvi zvinonzi 'Drug Panel Test'. Mhando dzemishonga dziri muboka iri dzinosiyana zvichienderana nechikonzero chebvunzo, asi boka rinowanzo shandiswa kuona kushandiswa kwemishonga zvisiri pamutemo rinowanzo tarisa zvinhu zvishanu izvi:

• Amphetamines
• Cocaine
• Mbanje (Hemp)
• Maopioid
• Phencyclidine `(PCP)`

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzo edzwa ndeizvi:

• Doro (ethanol)
• Mishonga yekuderedza kushushikana
• Mabhariturati
• Benzodiazepines
• Fentanyl
• Heroin
• Hydrocodone
• Methadone
• Methamphetamine
• Morphine
• Nikotini necotinine (zvinowanikwa mufodya)
• Oxycodone

Pane here bvunzo dzemishonga dziri kuitwa kumba?

Ehe, zviripo. Kune mamwe makiti anokubvumidza kuyedza weti kumba, iwe pachako. Mamwe makiti anogona kutoshandisa mweya, mate, kana bvudzi. Zvisinei, kururama kwezvigadzirwa izvi hakuna kufanana, zvichireva kuti zvinogona kusiyana. Kazhinji hazvinyanyi kuoma sekuyedzwa kwerabhoritari. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe bvunzo yekumba ikapa mhedzisiro isina kunaka, muenzaniso mumwe chete unogona kuramba uchipa mhedzisiro yakanaka kana ukatumirwa kurabhoritari.

Sangano reAmerican Academy of Pediatrics rinopa zano kuvabereki kuti vasayedze vana vavo zvinodhaka vari kumba. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti bvunzo dzekumba hadzideredzi kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka. Panewo njodzi yekuti mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kumba inogona kunzwisiswa zvisirizvo. Izvi zvinogonawo kukanganisa hukama pakati pevana vadiki nevabereki.

Ndinofanira kugadzirira sei bvunzo yemishonga?

Kutaura zvazviri, hapana chaunofanira kuita kuti ugadzirire kuongororwa kwemishonga.

Bvunzo iyi inogona kuitwa kana paine dambudziko, yakarongwa pachine nguva, kana kuti isina kurongeka (semuenzaniso, sechinodiwa chinoramba chiripo kubasa).

Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, unogona kubvunzwa nezvemishonga kana zvimwe zvinowedzera zvauri kutora, sezvo mimwe mishonga inogona kukanganisa mhedzisiro yebvunzo.

Chii chaunotarisira paunenge uchiongororwa mushonga?

Kuongororwa kwemishonga kunogona kuitwa nekuyerwa kweropa rako, bvudzi, mate, mweya, kana, kazhinji, weti (weti).

• Kuti muwane weti: Muchafanirwa kuita weti muchirongo chakachena chamunopiwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mungakumbirwa kuti mupe weti yacho pamberi pemukoti kana nyanzvi yezvehutano kuti muve nechokwadi chekuti weti yacho ndeyako zvechokwadi.
• Kuongororwa ropa: Munhu akadzidziswa kutora ropa (nyanzvi yephlebotomist) achatora ropa shoma kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwako kana muruoko rwako.

Mushure mekunge sampuli yatorwa, inotumirwa kurabhoritari kuti iongororwe.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemishonga?

Nguva inotora kuti uwane mhedzisiro kubva pakuongororwa kwemishonga inosiyana, zvichienderana nechikonzero chekuongororwa (semuenzaniso, emergency, zvine chekuita nebasa), uye rudzi rwekuongororwa.

Mhedzisiro inobva mukuongororwa kweweti neropa inowanzo kuwanikwa nekukurumidza kupfuura mhedzisiro inobva mukuongororwa kwebvudzi.

Bvunzai kusangano rakakumbira bvunzo kuti muzive kuti mungatarisira riini mhinduro.

Ndeipi mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemishonga?

Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemishonga inowanzo taurwa se 'yakanaka' kana 'isina kunaka'.

• Mhedzisiro yakanaka inoreva kuti mushonga unowanikwa uri padanho repamusoro kana kuti kupfuura referensi yakatarwa yebvunzo.
• Mhedzisiro isina kunaka zvinoreva kuti mushonga uri kutaurwa nezvawo hauna kuonekwa, kana kuti hauna kuwanikwa padanho rakakwana kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Zvinorevei mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemishonga?

Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvekufunga nezvazvo pakududzira mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemishonga.

Kunzwisisa mhedzisiro yakanaka

Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwemishonga inoratidza kuti munhu aive nehuwandu hwemushonga mumuviri wake panguva yakatarwa. Mhedzisiro yekuonekwa kwayo hazvirevi kuti munhu wacho aive akadhakwa panguva iyoyo, uye hazvirevi kuti ane chirwere chekushandisa zvinodhaka.

Kana bvunzo yekutanga yemushonga ikabuda nemhedzisiro yakanaka, bvunzo yekusimbisa inowanzo dikanwa. Kuongororwa uku kwekusimbisa kunoitwa uchishandisa nzira yakasiyana yekuyedza mushonga. Izvi zvinoderedza njodzi yemhedzisiro yenhema - kureva kuti, munhu asati amboshandisa mishonga asi achiri nemhedzisiro yakanaka - uye zvinowedzera kururama kwebvunzo yese yemushonga.

Mimwe mishonga nezvikafu zvinogonawo kukonzera mhedzisiro yenhema. Semuenzaniso, kudya mbeu dzepoppy kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakanaka pakuongororwa kweopioid. Saizvozvowo, kutora mimwe mishonga inotonhora isingatengeswi nechiremba kunogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakanaka ye phencyclidine (PCP).

Kunzwisisa Mugumisiro Wakaipa

Mhedzisiro isina kunaka pabvunzo yemushonga inongoreva kuti mushonga wacho hauna kuonekwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti huwandu hwemushonga wacho hwakanga husina kukwana kuti huonekwe, kana kuti mushonga wacho wakashandiswa kunze kwehwindo rekuonekwa. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro isina kunaka haibvisi zvachose kushandiswa kwemushonga munguva pfupi yapfuura kana chirwere chekushandisa zvinodhaka.

Mhedzisiro yenhema isina kunaka - kureva kuti, bvunzo inoti 'kwete' kunyangwe mumwe munhu akashandisa zvinodhaka - inogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei:

• Sampuro haina kutorwa nemazvo kana kuti bvunzo haina kuitwa nemazvo.
• Munhu ari kutaurwa nezvake anoedza kubiridzira pabvunzo (semuenzaniso, kupa weti yemumwe munhu).
• Kukundikana kuyedza mushonga uri kutaurwa nezvawo nebvunzo chaiyo (semuenzaniso, bvunzo yeamphetamine haione mhando dzese dzeamphetamine).

Chekupedzisira, zvinhu zvekuyeuchidza (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Kuongororwa kwemishonga kunoshandiswa nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana uchifanira kuongororwa mushonga, zvinogona kukunetsa. Asi yeuka, vanachiremba nemapurisa vanoongorora mhinduro idzi nokungwarira uye vanoedza kudzinzwisisa. Kazhinji, kana mhinduro yakanaka ikadzoka, bvunzo yekusimbisa inodiwa kubvisa mukana wekuti mhinduro ive yenhema.

Kana muine mibvunzo nezvemaitiro ekuongororwa kwemishonga kana nguva yemhedzisiro, musazeza kubvunza munhu akaraira bvunzo kana chiremba. Ikodzero yenyu. Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsirai kunzwisisa izvi zvakajeka.

Kuongororwa Kwemishonga , Kuongororwa Kwemishonga, Mishonga, Doro, Mhando Dzemiedzo, Kuongororwa Kweweti, Kuongororwa Kweropa, Mhedzisiro Yemishonga