Zvinhu zvaunofanira kuziva nezvenyaya nhema yeuropi (Substantia Nigra)!

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti mafambiro emuviri wako, mafambiro aunoita, mafambiro aunoita maoko nemakumbo, zvinodzorwa sei? Zvese izvi zvakabatana nechikamu chidiki asi chakakosha cheuropi hwedu. Chikamu ichocho chinongonzi Substantia Nigra . Nhasi, tichataura nezvechikamu ichi chinoshamisa.

Saka, chii chinoitika kuSubstantia Nigra?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chikamu ichi chinonzi substantia nigra chikamu che'Basal Ganglia' system muuropi hwako. Kutaura chokwadi, izvi ndizvo zvinobatsira kudzora mafambiro ako uye matauriro emhasuru. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ndechekuti substantia nigra inoburitsa kemikari inokosha inonzi dopamine . Iyi dopamine yakaita semutumwa muuropi hwedu. Kune zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zveiyi substantia nigra. Basa rechimwe nechimwe chazvo rakasiyana zvishoma.

1. SN pars reticulata

Chikamu ichi chinonyanya kukosha mukudzora mafambiro emaziso ako, uye kugona kwako kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva nekufunga. Masero europi ari munzvimbo iyi ane kemikari inonzi gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . GABA inoshanda nekuderedza kushanda kusingakoshi kwemasero europi. Kureva kuti, inobatsira kudzivirira uropi kutumira zviratidzo zvisingakoshi kutsandanyama. Izvi zvakafanana nemapurisa emumugwagwa anomisa mota dzisingakoshi.

2. SN pars compacta

Masero etsinga, kana kuti masero etsinga, muchikamu chino ndipo panowanikwa dopamine yemakemikari yambotaurwa kare. Nokudaro, chikamu ichi chinobatanidzwa muzvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita semanzwiro ako, kugona kwako kudzidza, maitiro aunoita njodzi nemibairo, uye zvinokukurudzira. Kuderera kwedopamine ndicho chikonzero chikuru chezvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheParkinson .

Saka, Substantia Nigra iri kupi?

Chikamu ichi chinonzi substantia nigra (SN) chiri pakati peuropi hwako, chinonzi midbrain . Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, chiri pakati peuropi hwako. Kutaura chokwadi, chiri pamusoro pe brainstem , pedyo nenzvimbo apo musoro nemutsipa zvinosangana uye musana unotangira. Kunyangwe tichichidana kuti 'substantia nigra', pane zvikamu zviviri zveuropi hwako. Zviri kumativi ese e midbrain. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine zvikamu zvambotaurwa zvinonzi pars reticulata (SN pars reticulata) uye pars compacta (SN pars compacta). Kana izvi zviviri zvabatanidzwa, zvinonzi 'substantia nigra' (substantiae nigrae).

Chinotaridzika sei? Chine ruvara rwakaita sei? Chikuru here?

Unoona, zita rekuti Substantia Nigra rinobva muchiLatin. Rinoreva 'chinhu chitema' . Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti nepo humwe uropi hwako hunowanzova grey rakachenuruka, chikamu ichi chinonzi Substantia Nigra chakasviba zvikuru. Kutaura chokwadi, chinoita sebhandi dema rakakomberedzwa nenyama ine ruvara rwakajeka. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti masero europi ari munzvimbo iyi ane kemikari inonzi Melanin . Waizviziva here, Melanin inowanikwawo mumasero edu eganda. Kana ikavhenekerwa nezuva, ganda redu rinoshanduka kuita brown (tan) nekuda kweMelanin iyi. Kana ukabvunza kuti yakakura sei, chikamu chidiki chaizvo. Fungidzira, unogona kuisa ma substantia nigras angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu mubhora regorofu renguva dzose! Idiki kudaro. Chimwe chinhu, kunyangwe iri chikamu che basal ganglia, substantia nigra (SN) haisi ganglion. Inucleus , inova chimiro chiri mutsinga dzine boka remasero anoita chinhu chimwe chete, kana ane mhando imwe chete yekubatana.

Chii chinonzi Substantia Nigra?

Basal ganglia yako, kusanganisira substantia nigra, inoumbwa nemarudzi maviri makuru emasero. Ngatitaurei nezvawo zvakadzama.

• MaNeuron : Aya ndiwo masero ari muuropi hwako netsinga . Ndiwo anotumira nekutumira masaini. Anogona kutumira masaini nemakemikari kana nemagetsi.
• Masero eGlial: Aya akafanana nemasero anobatsira sisitimu yetsinga. Kunyangwe asingatumire zviratidzo zvetsinga zvakananga, anobatsira ma neuron anoita basa iroro.

Zvishoma nezvema neuron

MaNeuron rudzi rwesero rinotumira nekugamuchira mameseji kuburikidza netsinga dzako uchishandisa masaini emagetsi nemakemikari. Neuron ine zvikamu zvinotevera:

• Muviri wesero: Ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru chesero.
• Axon: Ichi chikamu chakareba, chakaita seruoko chinobuda mumuviri wesero. Kune rimwe divi re axon kune zvikamu zvakawanda zvakareba, zvakaita seminwe. Apa ndipo panoshandurwa chiratidzo chemagetsi kubva ku neuron kuita chiratidzo chemakemikari. Zvikamu izvi zvakaita seminwe zvinonziwo synapses . Apa ndipo panobatana neuron nemamwe masero etsinga ari pedyo.
• Madendrite: Aya ndiwo maumbirwo madiki, akafanana nebazi riri mumuviri wesero (zita racho rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rinoreva 'kufanana nemuti'). Madendrite anogamuchira zviratidzo zvemakemikari kubva kumasynapses ari pamamwe ma neuron.
• Myelin (Myelin : Iyi iganda rakatetepa, rine mafuta rakakomberedza axon ye neuron. Inoshanda sechifukidziro chekudzivirira.

Kubatana kwetsinga kwakaoma zvikuru. Madendrite ari mutsinga imwe chete anogona kubatana nezviuru zvemamwe masynapses. Mamwe maneuron akareba, mamwe mapfupi. Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti ari kupi mumuviri uye kuti anoita basa rei.

Chii chinonzi glial cells?

Masero eGlial anoita zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. Anobatsira ma neuron kukura nekukura paunenge uchiri mudiki, uye anobatsira kudzora mashandiro anoita ma neuron muhupenyu hwako hwese. Anodzivirirawo system yako yetsinga kubva kuhutachiona, anotonga kuenzana kwemakemikari musystem yako yetsinga, uye anoita myelin sheath yakatenderedza ma axon ako. Waizviziva here? Kune masero eglial akapetwa kagumi kupfuura ma neuron musystem yako yetsinga!

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinowanzobata Substantia Nigra?

Kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa Substantia Nigra. Zvimwe zvacho ndeizvi:

• Chirwere cheAlzheimer
• Matumbu europi
• Kukuvara mumusoro, kunyanya kukuvara kweuropi kwakadai sekunge kurohwa nemusoro
• Kusangana nezvinhu zvine chepfu kana chepfu dzakadai seTrichloroethylene (TCE)
• Utachiona (kunyanya hutachiona hunokonzera kuzvimba kweuropi, senge encephalitis )
• Zvirwere zvinozvimba kana zve autoimmune , zvakaita se lupus
• Zvirwere zvekuzvarwa nazvo zvakaita sechirwere cheHuntington
• Lewy body dementia
• Kupera kwehurongwa hwakawanda
• Chirwere cheParkinson - Ichi ndicho chirwere chinonyanya kutaurwa nezvacho chinobatanidzwa neSubstantia Nigra, nekuti muchirwere ichi, masero anogadzira dopamine anoparadzwa.
• Progressive supranuclear palsy
• Kurohwa
• Chirwere chaWilson

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvezvirwere zvine chekuita neSubstantia Nigra?

Zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvinokanganisa basal ganglia system, kana kuti substantia nigra, zvinoenderana zvakanyanya nerudzi rwechirwere. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zviratidzo zvakajairika:

• Matambudziko ekuenzanisa uye kubatana
• Kushaya simba kwetsandanyama uye kugwinha
• Kudedera uye kudengenyeka
• Dambudziko rekutarisa, kufunga kana kugadzirisa matambudziko
• Kuoma kudzora kufamba kwemaziso, zvichikonzera matambudziko ekuona

Miedzo ipi inoitirwa kuongorora zvirwere zvakadaro?

Kune bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinogona kubatsira kuona zvirwere zvinokanganisa uropi hwako, kana kuti substantia nigra. Miedzo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeiyi:

• Kuongororwa kweropa: Izvi zvinogona kuona zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumatambudziko ekudzivirira muviri kusvika kana chepfu nehupfu, kunyanya simbi dzakadai semhangura, mercury, uye lead, zvapinda mumuviri.
• Kuongororwa kwekombiyuta (CT)
• Zvingangoitika (miyedzo yekunzwa)
• Kuongororwa kwemajini
• Kuskena kwemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Kuongorora kwePositron emission tomography (PET)
• Kuongororwa kwekombiyuta kwe single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT scan)

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa zvirwere zvine chekuita neSubstantia Nigra?

Nekuti kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa substantia nigra, kurapwa kuripo kwakasiyana-siyanawo. Rudzi rwekurapwa kwaunowana runoenderana zvachose nechirwere chaunacho. Dzimwe nguva zvirwere izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa nemishonga . Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kuda kuvhiyiwa . Kunyange zvazvo zvimwe zvirwere zvichigona kurapwa zvachose, zvimwe zvingasapindurwa nekurapwa. Muzviitiko apo chirwere chisingagone kurapwa zvachose, kazhinji zvakanaka kudzora zviratidzo .

Ndingaitei kuti ndidzivirire Substantia Nigra yangu?

Matambudziko mazhinji anokanganisa uropi hwako, kana kuti substantia nigra, anogona kudzivirirwa kana kunonotswa. Zvisinei, chirwere cheParkinsonZvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita segomarara, zvakaoma kudzivirira nekuti zvinoitika zvisingatarisirwi. Zvisinei, hezvino zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvaunogona kuita:

• Idya chikafu chakakwana. Chikafu chaunodya chinokanganisa hutano hwetsinga dzeropa rako nehuremu hwako. Zvese izvi zvine chekuita nehutano hwehuropi hwako.
• Gara uchirovedza muviri uye chengetedza huremu hwakanaka. Huremu hwako uye nhanho yekushanda zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kana kunonotsa zvirwere zvinokanganisa uropi, kunyanya BP kana sitiroko.
• Pfekai midziyo yekudzivirira kana zvichidikanwa. Kukuvara mumusoro, kunyanya kubatwa nemusoro uye mamwe kukuvara kweuropi, kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kweuropi. Kukuvara uku dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva kwechigarire. Saka, zvakakosha kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira kudzivirira kukuvara kweuropi, kubasa uye panguva yekuzorora.
• Gadzirisa zvirwere zvako zvisingaperi. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokanganisa uropi netsinga zvinotowedzera kuipa nekufamba kwenguva. Kurapa zvirwere izvi zvisingaperi kunogona kunonotsa kufambira mberi kwazvo uye kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezviratidzo.

Mharidzo Yekupedzisira Yekuenda Kumba

Sezvamunoona, substantia nigra chikamu chidiki kwazvo cheuropi hwedu, asi chinoita basa rakakosha zvikuru. Kunyangwe nyanzvi dzichiri kudzidza zvakawanda nezvayo, tatoziva zvakawanda. Icho chikamu chikuru chehurongwa hwemagetsi nemakemikari europi hwedu. Chinobatsirawo kuronga mafambiro edu, kuona kwedu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.

Yeuka kuti hutano hwehuropi hwako hwakakosha zvikuru pahutano hwako hwese. Saka, usakanganwa kuchengetedza huropi hwako uye kurarama hupenyu hune hutano.

Sezvo tekinoroji iri kufambira mberi uye tsvakurudzo yezvekurapa ichifambira mberi, tichadzidza zvakawanda nezvekushanda kwemukati meSubstantia Nigra uye maitiro ekurapa zvirwere zvinoikanganisa. Saka, zvakakosha kuva netariro!

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Substantia Nigra, Uropi, Dopamine, Chirwere cheParkinson, Kufamba, Sisitimu Yetsinga