Kana ukangofungidzira kuti mwana wako ane autism, zvakakosha kuti aongororwe. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kutora nguva kuti uongororwe zviri pamutemo, saka ngatidzidzei nzira dzekubatsira mwana wako nekukasika. Kurapwa kunotanga nekukurumidza, ndipo panobva pava nemhedzisiro yakanaka. Asi hazvimbofi zvakanonoka. Zvinoshanda kumwana mumwe zvingasashanda kune mumwe. Saka ngatitaurei nezvazvo chimwe nechimwe.
Kutamba kunobatsira mwana here? (Play Therapy)
Vana vane autism spectrum disorder (ASD) vanowanzotamba zvakasiyana nevamwe vana. Semuenzaniso, kana ukavapa mota yekutamba, pachinzvimbo chekuisunda, vanogona kutarisa mavhiri voitenderedza. Havaitewo "mutambo wekunyepedzera" sezvinoita vamwe vana, zvakaita sekudyisa chidhori kana kugadzira tii. Vangavewo vasina mukana wekutamba nevamwe.
Asi, kuvana ava, kutamba inzira yekuratidza pfungwa dzavo nemanzwiro avo. Matoyi avo nezviito zvavo zvinova mazwi avo. Saka, tichishandisa mutambo uyu, tinogona kuvadzidzisa zvinhu zvitsva nenzira yavanonzwisisa uye kuvabatsira kubatana nevamwe. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti Play Therapy .
Kurapa kwemitambo kunogona kubatsira kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwemwana hwekushamwaridzana nevanhu uye hwemanzwiro, kumudzidzisa kufunga zvakasiyana, uye kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwemutauro nekutaurirana.
Kune nzira dzinoverengeka huru dzekurapa kwemitambo:
- Nguva yekushanda pasi: Izvi zvinosanganisira chiremba, mudzidzisi, kana iwe pachako kugara pasi nemwana muchitamba nenzira imwe chete nemwana. Zvadaro, zvishoma nezvishoma wowedzera chimwe chinhu chitsva mumutambo (senge chimwe chitoyi kana izwi). Chinangwa pano ndechekuvaka kutaurirana kwemativi maviri pakati pemwana newe.
- Mapoka Ekutamba Akabatanidzwa (IPGs): Apa ndipo panounganidzwa vana vane autism nevana vasina autism kuti vagadzire mapoka ekutamba. Izvi zvinopa vana vane autism mukana wekudzidza kutamba nekutarisa nekutevedzera vamwe vana.
- JASPER (Kuteererana Pamwe Chete Kuratidza Kutamba Kwechiratidzo): Nzira iyi inobatsira mwana kudzidzira kuteerera chitoyi nemunhu panguva imwe chete. Kana 'kuteererana' uku kuchikura, zvinova nyore kutamba nevamwe vana.
Kurapa Kwebasa rekubatsira kuita kuti mabasa ezuva nezuva ave nyore
Kurapa nebasa, kana sezvatinozviziva tese,Kurapa Nemabasa (OT) inzira yekurapa inobatsira mwana kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva uye mabasa ezuva nezuva (semuenzaniso, kubhatanidza hembe, kubata chipunu zvakanaka) ari ega. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira chero chinhu kubva kubasa rechikoro kusvika pakutamba. Kurapa uku kwakagadzirwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana nezvinangwa zvake.
Nyanzvi yezvemabasa inoshanda pamwe chete nevabereki, vadzidzisi, nedzimwe nyanzvi. Vanobatsira kuisa zvinangwa zvakananga zvekudyidzana kwemwana nevamwe, maitiro ake, uye zviitiko zvake mukirasi.
| Mabhenefiti eKurapa Kwebasa (OT) | |
|---|---|
| Basa rezuva nezuva | Kubatsira nezvinhu zvakaita sekudzidzira chimbuzi, kupfeka mbatya, uye kukwesha mazino uri wega. |
| Unyanzvi hwekufambisa makumbo zvakanaka | Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hunodiwa pakubata nekushandisa zvinhu zvakaita semapenzura nechigero nemazvo. |
| Unyanzvi hwekufambisa makumbo zvakanyanya | Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hunodiwa pakufamba, kukwira masitepisi, kutasva bhasikoro, nezvimwewo. |
| Unyanzvi hwekunzwisisa | Kubatsira kuona mutsauko uripo pakati pemavara, maumbirwo, uye saizi. |
| Unyanzvi hwekugarisana nevamwe | Kubatsira kutamba nevamwe, kugovana mazano, uye kuvaka hukama. |
Muchidimbu, chinangwa chikuru chevana vane autism ndechekubatsira mwana ane autism kuti azvimiririre sezvinobvira, achikwanisa kuita zvinhu ega kumba uye kuchikoro.
Kurapa Kwekutaura
Vana vane autism vanogona kuva nematambudziko makuru mukutaura uye kutaurirana kusiri kwemazwi, zvakaita sekutarisana mumaziso uye kushandisa maoko. Ndosaka kurapwa nekutaura kuri chikamu chakakosha chekurapa autism .
Matambudziko ekutaura anowanzoonekwa ne autism
- Handitauri zvachose.
- Kuita ruzha rusinganzwisisike, senge kugomera.
- Kudzokorora zvinotaurwa (tinoti izvi Echolalia ).
- Kutaura nenzwi rerobhoti, pasina manzwiro, kunyangwe mashoko nemitsara zvichitaurwa nemazvo.
- Kusatarisana mumaziso kana vachitaura.
- Kuomerwa nekunzwisisa chitarisiko chechiso chevamwe vanhu, matauriro avo, uye mutauro wavo wemuviri.
Nyanzvi yeKutaura neMutauro inogona kukubatsira kuwana nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana hwemwana wako. Kana mwana wako asiri kutaura, anogona kukupa dzimwe nzira. Semuenzaniso:
- Kudzidzira kuratidza zvinodiwa uchishandisa makadhi emifananidzo.
- Kudzidzisa mutauro wemasaini.
- Kudzidzira kutaurirana uchishandisa mudziyo wemagetsi wakaita sepiritsi.
Kurapa uku kunogona kubatsira mwana kudzidza kududza mazwi nemazvo, kutanga hurukuro nevamwe, kutaura zvavanofunga nemanzwiro avo, uye kunakidzwa nekutamba nevamwe. Zvakanaka kutanga kurapwa uku nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Nzira dzekukudziridza hunhu hwakanaka (Applied Behavior Analysis - ABA)
Nzira iyi yekurapa, inonzi ABA , inosanganisira kuona maitiro akanaka emwana uye kumukurudzira kuti aite zvakawanda. Mibairo yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa pakuita izvi. Nzira iyi inobatsirawo mukudzidza hunyanzvi hutsva. Vabereki nevachengeti vanodzidziswawo mune izvi, kuitira kuti vagone kupa mwana gwara rinodiwa kumba.
Kunewo marudzi akasiyana eABA:
- Kudzidziswa Kwekuedza Kwakavanzika (DTT): Muizvi, maitiro kana hunyanzvi hunofanira kudzidziswa mwana hunopatsanurwa kuita nhanho diki uye hunodzidziswa chimwe nechimwe.
- Kurapa Kunopa Mhinduro Yakakosha (PRT): Kurapa uku kunotarisa zvinhu zvakakosha pakukura kwemwana (semuenzaniso, kuzvitarisira, kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda).
- Kupindira muMatauriro (VBI): Chinangwa chikuru cheizvi ndechekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemwana hwekutaura.
Mamwe marapirwo anobatsira
Kuwedzera kune nzira huru dzekurapa dzataurwa pamusoro apa, kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda.
Kutasva Bhiza rekurapa
Izvi zvinonziwo Hippotherapy . Pano, mwana anotasva bhiza ari pasi pemurapi. Mwana anofanira kudzora muviri wake uye kuchengetedza kuenzana zvichienderana nemafambiro ebhiza. Izvi zvakafanana nekurovedza muviri. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti nzira iyi inovandudza hunyanzvi hwevana hwekushamwaridzana nevanhu uye hwekutaura. Inobatsirawo kuderedza kusagadzikana kwavo uye kunyanyisa.
Usati waita chero sarudzo pamusoro pechero yekurapa uku, zvakakosha kuti utaure nachiremba wako kana chiremba wevana kuti ndeipi nzira yekurapa yakakodzera chirwere chemwana wako.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kurapa kwe autism kunotanga nekukurumidza, uye mhedzisiro yacho inova nani. Asi hazvimbofi zvakanonoka kutanga.
- Zvinoshanda kune mumwe mwana zvingasashanda kune mumwe, saka mwana wako achada chirongwa chekurapa chakanangana naye.
- Kurapa Nemitambo, Kurapa Nemabasa (OT), uye Kurapa Nekutaura inzira nhatu huru dzekurapa dzinobatsira zvikuru kukura kwemwana ane autism.
- Mishonga yakaita seABA inogona kushanda zvikuru mukukurudzira maitiro akanaka.
- Usati watanga chero kurapwa, taura nachiremba wemwana wako uye bvunza mazano ake. Ramba uchiudza chiremba nezvekufambira mberi kwemwana wako.
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