Totaura nezvekuongorora DNA uye kuongorora majini here?

Pamwe wakambonzwa mazwi akadai sekuti 'DNA test' uye 'genetic test', handiti? Dzimwe nguva mufirimu, kana munhau. Izvi chii chaizvo? Sei zvichiitwa? Chii chatingadzidza kubva mazviri? Ngatitaurei nezveizvi zvese zvakadzama, zviri nyore, nhasi.

Chii chinonzi Kuongororwa Kwemajini?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, bvunzo yemajini bvunzo inotsvaga shanduko mumajini ako, machromosome , kana mapuroteni . Izvi zvinonziwo bvunzo yeDNA . bvunzo iyi inosanganisira kutora sampuro yeropa rako, ganda, bvudzi, nyama, kana, kana uri kutarisira mwana, mvura yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana wako. bvunzo iyi inogona kusimbisa kana kubvisa kana uine chirwere chemajini. Inogonawo kukubatsira kuona kuti une mukana wakadii wekuva nechirwere chemajini mune ramangwana, kana kuti une mukana wakadii wekupa chirwere chemajini kumwana wako.

Chii chinotsvakwa pakuongororwa kwemajini?

Zvakanaka, saka bvunzo idzi dzemajini dzinotsvaga chii chaizvo? Dzinonyanya kutsvaga shanduko mumajini ako, machromosome, nemapuroteni. Fungidzira, bvunzo dzeDNA dzinogona kukuudza zvakawanda nezvemuviri wako, chitarisiko chako, uye majini anogadzira hunhu hwako.

• Izvi zvinogona kusimbisa kana une chirwere chaicho kana kuti kwete.
• Izvi zvinogonawo kukuudza kana uri panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa nezvimwe zvirwere.
• Hazvisi izvozvo chete, bvunzo idzi dzinogonawo kutarisa kana uine jini rakachinja raunogona kupa kumwana wako.

Ndedzipi mhando dzekuongorora DNA dziripo?

Ngatitarisei mhando shoma huru.

1. Kuongororwa kwemajini

Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora DNA yako uye kutsvaga shanduko mumajini ako, anonzi mutations . Kuchinja uku kunogona kukonzera kana kuwedzera njodzi yekuve nemamwe matambudziko emajini. Kuedza uku kwemajini kunogona kutarisa jini rimwe chete, majini akati wandei, kana DNA yako yese. Kutarisa DNA yako yese kunonzi genomic testing .

2. Kuedzwa kwemakromosomu

Kuongororwa kwechromosome bvunzo dzinotarisa machromosome ako, ayo ari maDNA marefu. Dzinotsvaga shanduko mukurongeka kwemajini. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kukonzera mamiriro ezvinhu emajini. Semuenzaniso, dzinogona kuona kana uine kopi yechromosome yakawedzerwa .

3. Kuedza Mapuroteni

Kuongororwa kwemapuroteni kunoongorora mashandiro emakemikari anoitika mukati memasero edu, akadai sekushanda kwema enzyme . Kana paine matambudziko nemapuroteni ako, zvinoreva kuti panogona kunge paine shanduko muDNA yako. Shanduko idzodzo dzinogonawo kukonzera matambudziko emajini.

Kuongororwa kwemajini kwakaitwa panguva dzakasiyana-siyana

Iye zvino ngationei kuti bvunzo idzi dzemajini dzinobatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu api.

Kuongororwa kweVana Vasati Vazvarwa

Kana uine pamuviri, unogona kuona kana mwana wako asati aberekwa aine shanduko mumajini ake kana ma chromosome panguva yekuzvitakura, kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweDNA yemwana asati aberekwa. Asi yeuka, bvunzo idzi hadzioni mamiriro ese ezvinhu. Zvisinei, dzinogona kukuudza kuti mwana wako angangoberekwa aine mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu atinoziva kuti tinogona kuona. Semuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako aine nhoroondo yemajini , zvichireva kuti mwana wako ari panjodzi huru yekuve nechirwere chemajini, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira bvunzo idzi dzemwana asati aberekwa.

Kuongororwa Kwekuongorora

Kuongororwa uku kunogona kubatsira kuona kana uine zvirwere zvemajini kana matambudziko emachromosome . Zvisinei, hazvigone kuongororwa mamiriro ese emajini. Kunyangwe bvunzo idzi dzekuongorora dzichiwanzo shandiswa panguva yekuzvitakura, dzinogona kuitwa chero nguva kusimbisa kuongororwa kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere.

Kuedzwa kweMutakuri

Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvinopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe se "Autosomal Recessive" . Izvi zvinoreva kuti, munhu anogona kuva nejini rechirwere ichocho, asi asingaratidze zviratidzo. Anongova mutakuri wejini iroro. Kureva kuti, unogona kuziva kana uri mutakuri wejini rakachinja rechirwere che "Autosomal Recessive" kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemutakuri. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kana mumwe wevabereki aine nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere che "Autosomal Recessive". Nekuti, kuti mwana ave nechirwere chakadaro, amai nababa vanofanira kuva nekopi yejini iroro. Saka, kana mumwe achizivikanwa kuti ndiye mutakuri, kana mumwe akaongororwawo, zvinogona kuwanikwa kuti vana vanogona sei kuwana chirwere ichocho.

Kuedzwa kweKuisa Mwana muImba Yemwana

Iyi bvunzo yakakosha zvishoma. Inoitwa uchishandisa nzira dzekubatsira kubereka (ART) , semuenzaniso , in vitro fertilization (IVF).Kuongororwa kwemwana asati aiswa muchibereko kunogona kuona shanduko dzemajini mumazai ari kugadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora masero mashoma kubva mumazai uye kuaongorora kuti aone kana paine shanduko dzakati. Zvadaro, mazai asina shanduko idzodzo chete ndiwo anoiswa muchibereko kuti aedze kuita pamuviri.

Kuongororwa kweVacheche

Mwana wako achaongororwa kwemazuva mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa. Kuongororwa uku kunotarisa mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ane chekuita nemajini, metabolic metabolic, kana mahormone . Vana vacheche vanoongororwa nekukurumidza nekuti kana paine dambudziko, kurapwa kunogona kutanga nekukurumidza. Nyika/dunhu rega rega rinowanzo sarudza kuti ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu anoongororwa nenzira iyi. Semuenzaniso, zvipatara muUnited States zvinogona kuongorora vana vacheche pane zvirwere zvinopfuura makumi matatu nezvishanu.

Kuedza Kwekufanotaura uye Kuratidza Zviratidzo

Kuchinja kwemajini kunowedzera njodzi yako yekuva nechirwere chemajini mune ramangwana dzimwe nguva kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwekufanotaura uye kwezviratidzo. Kuongororwa uku kwekuona kana shanduko mumajini ako dzichiwedzera njodzi yako yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mamwe marudzi ekenza , akadai sekenza yemazamu, anowira muchikamu ichi. Kuongororwa kwezviratidzo kunogona kukuudza kana uchava nechirwere chemajini usati wava nezviratidzo. Asi hazvigone kuva nechokwadi che100%. Pane mukana mudiki wekukanganisa pakuita mhando idzi dzebvunzo. Saka, taura nachiremba wako nezveizvi usati waitwa bvunzo.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinogona kuonekwa nekuongororwa kwemajini?

Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti kunyangwe bvunzo dzemajini dzichigona kuona mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, hadzigone kuona zvese . Zvakare, mhedzisiro yebvunzo yakanaka hazvirevi kuti uchava nechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, bvunzo idzi dzemajini dzinogona kubatsira mukusimbisa kana kubvisa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Heano mimwe mienzaniso mishoma:

• `Down Syndrome` `(Down Syndrome)`
• Chirwere cheHuntington
• Cystic Fibrosis
• `Chirwere cheSickle Cell` `(Chirwere cheSickle Cell)`
• `Phenylketonuria` `(Phenylketonuria)`
• Kenza yeMatumbu Makuru (Colorectal)
• Kenza yemazamu

Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvakaita seizvi.

Kuongororwa kweDNA uku kunoitwa sei?

Zviri nyore kwazvo. Chiremba wako achakutora sampuro kubva kwauri. Ingave ropa rako, bvudzi, ganda diki, nyama, kana, kana uine pamuviri , mvura yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana wako.Zvinogona kudaro. Mvura iyi yeamniotic ndiyo mvura inopoteredza mwana ari mudumbu panguva yekuzvitakura. Chiremba anozotumira muenzaniso uyu kurabhoritari. Kurabhoritari, nyanzvi dzichatarisa kana paine shanduko mumajini ako, machromosome, kana mapuroteni. Pakupedzisira, nyanzvi dzichatumira mhinduro dzebvunzo kuna chiremba wako.

Ndeipi njodzi dzekuongororwa kwemajini?

Njodzi dzemuviri dzinowanikwa pakuongororwa kwemajini mazhinji dzakaderera zvikuru. Zvisinei, pakuongororwa kwemwana asati aberekwa, pane mukana mudiki wekubviswa pamuviri . Izvi zvinodaro nekuti bvunzo iyi inosanganisira kutora sampuro yemvura yeamniotic yakakomberedza mwana wako mudumbu.

Zvisinei, kuongororwa kwemajini kune njodzi huru , mupfungwa nemumari.

Fungidzira, kana ukawana mhedzisiro isingatarisirwi, unganzwa hasha, kutya, kuodzwa mwoyo, kunetseka , kana kuva nemhosva . Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa kwemajini kunogona kudhura mari yakawanda, dzimwe nguva mazana ezviuru zverupi. Inishuwarenzi inogona kubhadhara mari iyi. Asi kazhinji zvinoenderana nerudzi rwebvunzo uye chikonzero chekuongororwa.

Uyezve, bvunzo dzemajini hadzipi ruzivo nezvezvirwere zvese zvemajini, uye hadzisi bvunzo dzese dzakanyatsojeka. Hadzigonewo kufanotaura kuti zviratidzo zvichave zvakakomba sei kana kuti chirwere chemajini chichatanga riini.

Zvakabuda muongororo yeDNA zvinoti chii?

Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweDNA haisi nyore kunzwisisa nguva dzose. Chiremba wako achashandisa mhando yebvunzo, nhoroondo yako yezvekurapa, uye nhoroondo yemhuri yako kududzira mhedzisiro. Zvadaro, iye achakutsanangurira mhedzisiro chaiyo. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera:

• Une hutachiona: Kana mhinduro yako yeDNA iine hutachiona, zvinoreva kuti rabhoritari yakakwanisa kuwana shanduko yemajini inozivikanwa kuti inokonzera chirwere. Izvi zvinogona kusimbisa kuongororwa, kukuzivisa iwe semunhu ane chirwere ichi, kana kuona kuti uri panjodzi huru yekubata chirwere ichi.
• Negative: Kana mhinduro yeDNA yako iri negative, zvinoreva kuti rabhoritari haina kukwanisa kuwana genetic mutation inozivikanwa muDNA yako inogona kukonzera chirwere. Izvi zvinogona kubvisa chirwere ichi, kuratidza kuti hausi mutakuri wechirwere ichi, kana kuona kuti hausi panjodzi huru yekubata chirwere ichi.
• Hazvina chokwadi:Kana mhinduro yebvunzo yako yeDNA isina kujeka, zvinoreva kuti rebhu inogona kunge yakawana shanduko yemajini. Asi havana ruzivo rwakakwana rwekuona kana iri shanduko yakajairika kana kuti inokonzera chirwere. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti munhu wese ane shanduko dzakajairika, dzechisikigo muDNA yake dzisingakanganisi hutano hwake.

Kuongororwa kweDNA kwakarurama zvakadii?

Pane nzira mbiri dzekuyera kururama kwebvunzo dzemajini. Imwe ndeyekuongorora chokwadi. Izvi zvinotarisa kana bvunzo yeDNA inogona kuona nemazvo kana shanduko mune jini rakati iripo kana kwete. Imwe ndeyechokwadi chekiriniki. Izvi zvinoreva kana, kana shanduko iripo, iine chekuita nechirwere kana mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Marabhoritari ese anoita bvunzo dzeDNA anodzorwa zvichienderana nemitemo inozivikanwa nehurumende. Mitemo iyi yakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti bvunzo dzemajini dzakarurama.

Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kweDNA?

Mimwe mhedzisiro yebvunzo inogona kuwanikwa mukati memazuva mashoma. Kuongororwa kwepamuviri, kunyanya, kunowanzo dzoka nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, mimwe mhedzisiro inogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei kuti iwane mhedzisiro. Chiremba wako achakupa ruzivo rwakananga nezvekuti uchagamuchira riini mhedzisiro yako yebvunzo yauri kuita.

Ndeipi kit yeDNA test yakanakisisa?

Kutaura zvazviri, kana uchida kuongororwa DNA, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita kusangana nachiremba kana mupi wezano wezvemajini ari pedyo newe woita kuti bvunzo ipere. Ivo vanozokubatsira kusarudza bvunzo dzakakodzera iwe uye kutaura newe nezvezvinoreva mhedzisiro paunoiwana. Zvisinei, kana usingakwanise kuenda kuna chiremba, unogona zvakare kuwana kit yekuongorora DNA zvakananga kubva kukambani yekuongorora DNA. Izvi zvinonzi ``Direct-to-Consumer'' (DTC) genetic testing. Kit dzekuongorora DNA dzakanakisa dzinopa ruzivo rwuri nyore kunzwisisa nezve hwaro hwesainzi hwebvunzo dzavo. Zvisinei, pane njodzi mukushandisa idzi, nekuti ungasave nemunhu wekutaura naye nezvemhedzisiro newe pachako.

Kana ukaonekwa uine chirwere chemajini, kana kuti ukaona kuti uri panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wako. Anogona kukutumira kuna chiremba wezvemajini. Mupi wezano uyu anogona kukuongorora iwe neruzivo rwawakagamuchira uye kukubatsira kusarudza zvekuita zvinotevera.

Kuongororwa kweDNA kwakatanga riini?

Iyi inyaya inonakidzawo. Masayendisiti akagadzira nzira inonzi `(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism - RFLP)` analysis muma1980. Ongororo iyi ndiyo yaive bvunzo yekutanga yemajini yakashandisa DNA. Asi muma1990, `(Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR)`Kuongororwa kweDNA kwakatangwa. Iyi nzira yekuongorora DNA yePCR yakatsiva nzira yekare yekuongorora RFLP. Sainzi yekuongorora DNA inzvimbo inogara ichichinja uye ichichinja.

Chii chinonzi DNA Paternity Test?

Pamwe wakambonzwa nezvazvo. Kuongororwa kweDNA kuna baba kunogona kuona kuti ndiani baba vemwana chaiye. Kuongororwa kweDNA padama kana ropa kunogona kuona kana mumwe munhu ari baba vemwana wako chaiye. Izvi zvinogonawo kuwanikwa panguva yekuzvitakura nekuita bvunzo yePrenatal Naternity.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Zvakanaka, saka tataura zvakawanda nezvekuongororwa kweDNA, kana kuongororwa kwemajini. Kuongororwa uku kunobatsira kuona kana uine chirwere chemajini kana kuti une mukana wekuwana chirwere chakati mune ramangwana. Kunyange zvazvo kuongororwa kwemajini kuchigona kukupa rugare rwepfungwa , kunouyawo nenjodzi dzakawanda uye zvipingamupinyi .

Kana uchida kuongororwa kwemajini, iva nechokwadi chekuti wataura nachiremba wako. Iye anogona kukutumira kuna chiremba wezvemajini uye kukupa rumwe ruzivo nezvemaitiro ese.

Tinovimba kuti ruzivo urwu rwakubatsira. Kana uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvechimwe chinhu chakadai, tizivise!

Kuongororwa kwemajini , kuongororwa kweDNA, kushanduka kwemajini, zvirwere zvemajini, kuongororwa kwemwana asati aberekwa, mazano ezvemajini, kuongororwa kwebaba