Mhoroi! Makadini? Nhasi tichataura nezvemasoja akakosha uye asinganzwisisike ari mumiviri yedu. Kungofanana nemasoja anodzivirira nyika yedu, masero aya anotidzivirirawo kubva kuzvirwere zvinouya mumiviri yedu, kunyanya kubva kuvavengi vakaita semavhairasi. Tinodaidza aya madiki madiki
T cells kuti cytotoxic . Mamwe anoadaidzawo kuti 'mhondi T cells'. Musatya, pasinei nezita iroro, ishamwari dzedu dzepamoyo!
Ndezvipi masero aya ane chepfu inonzi cytotoxic T cells?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, aya `(masero eT ane chepfu)`
imhando yakakosha yemasero muimmune system yedu. Zvakafanana nechikwata chemapurisa chakakosha. Basa ravo guru nderekutsvaga nekuparadza masero ane hutachiona kana zvinhu zvakaita semavhairasi zvikapinda mumasero emuviri wedu. Ndosaka vamwe vanhu vachiati
`masero eT anouraya' . Kunyangwe zita racho rakanyanya kuoma, anobatsira zvikuru. Fungidzira, tine gland diki rinonzi
`(Thymus)` pamberi pechipfuva. Ndipo panonyanya kugadzirwa marudzi matatu aya emasero eT.
- Masero eT anobatsira: Aya ndiwo anomutsa mamwe maseru ekudzivirira muviri uye anovaudza kuti, "Pane kurwa pano, tangai kushanda."
- Masero eT anodzora : Basa ravo nderekudzora mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri kana zvichidikanwa. Zvakafanana nekuti, "Zvakanaka, zvakwana, rega" kana kurwa kwapera.
- Mukuru wedu, masero eT ane chepfu: Ava ndivo vanoenda zvakananga kuhondo uye vanoparadza masero ane hutachiona.
Masero aya ndeemuviri wedu here?
Kwete, haugone kutaura izvozvo. Aya `(Cytotoxic T cells)` ndeechinonzi
'cell-mediated immunity' . Ichi chikamu che
'adaptive immunity' . Zvino unobvunza kuti, 'Chii chinonzi innate immunity iyi uye adaptive immunity iyi?' Funga nezvazvo seizvi:
- Kusadzivirirwa kwemuviri ndiko kudzivirirwa kuripo mumiviri yedu pakuzvarwa. Kwakafanana nemadziro enhare, achipindura chero muvengi nenzira imwecheteyo, pasina sarudzo yakakosha.
- Kudzivirirwa kwemuviri kunoenderana nehutachiona (adaptive immunity) ndiko kudzivirirwa kwatinowana zvishoma nezvishoma patinosangana nezvirwere kana zvinhu zvekunze. Izvi zvakananga. Zvakafanana neuto rakadzidziswa zvine hungwaru. Kana vakasangana nemuvengi wavakamboziva kare, vanomuyeuka uye vanomurwisa zvakanyanya nguva inotevera yaanouya. Ndiwo mashandiro anoita aya `(Cytotoxic T cells)`.
Saka musiyano uripi pakati pemasero eT ane chepfu nemasero ekuuraya echisikigo?
Zvese izvi zvinodzivirira muviri wedu, asi pane misiyano midiki pamashandiro azvinoita. Funga nezvazvo sekuti, `(Cytotoxic T cells)` vakaita sema commandos anotanga kushanda chete kana agamuchira njere dzakakosha. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, anorwisa zvinhu zvakaita semavhairasi, chimwe chinhu
Mushure mekugadziriswa ne'antigen'. Asi 'Natural Killer cells' dzakasiyana zvishoma. Hadzidi activation yakakosha kuti dzirwise masero anokuvadza. Dzinongotanga kushanda kana dzikangoona kuti 'pane dambudziko'. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore:- Masero eT ane chepfu ndiwo chikamu chemhinduro yemuviri inochinjika yatakambotaura nezvayo.
- "Masero ekuuraya echisikigo" chikamu che "mhinduro yemuviri yekudzivirira chirwere" .
Zvino musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi wava pachena, handiti? Masero aya eT ane chepfu anoshanda sei?
Iyi inzira inoshamisa zvikuru. Funga nezvazvo, `(Cytotoxic T cell)` yega yega ine chinhu chakakosha chinonzi `(CD8 receptor)` pamusoro payo. Yakafanana nechishandiso chakakosha chine muongorori. Iyi `(CD8 receptor)` inosunga ku `(MHC Class I molecules)` pamusoro pemasero emuviri wedu. Aya `(MHC Class I molecules)` akafanana nemureza unoratidza kana sero rine hutano rabatwa nechirwere. Saka, kana `(CD8 receptor)` iyoyo ikangoziva sero rine hutachiona, `(Cytotoxic T cells)` dzedu dzinotanga kushanda. Ipapo basa chairo rinoitika. Aya `(Cytotoxic T cells)` anotanga kushanda anogadzira mamorekuru akakosha, ayo akagadzirirwa kuparadza hutachiona ihwohwo. Sechikombo chinorova chinangwa, chinoenda zvakananga kusero rine hutachiona uye chinoriparadza. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekuti hutachiona hupararire mumuviri wese. Hazvishamisi here kuti masero madiki aya anoita sei? Masero eT ane chepfu nemasero eT anobatsira anoshanda sei pamwe chete?
Vaviri ava vakaita seshamwari dzepamwoyo dziri muchikwata chimwe chete. Masero eT anobatsira mamwe masero ari muimmune system. Paanonzwa hutachiona, anoburitsa makemikari anonzi ma cytokines . Aya ma cytokines akafanana nemashoko ekukurumidzira anoudza mamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri kuti, "Pane dambudziko, uyai nekukurumidza." Aya ma cytokines ndiwo anoita kuti masero edu eT ane chepfu ashande uye aabatsire kurwisa hutachiona. Nemamwe mashoko, masero eT anobatsira anoudza masero eT ane chepfu kuti, "Zvakanaka, ikozvino yave nguva yako, enda unoshanda." Kunzwa uku kwekushandira pamwe ndiko kunoita kuti immune system yedu ishande zvakanaka. Masero aya ane chepfu ari kupi mumuviri wedu?
Masero eT anotanga kukura mu 'bone marrow' yedu . Zvadaro, kuti awedzere kukura, ndiko kuti, 'kudzidziswa', anoenda ku'(Thymus)` gland yatakambotaura nezvayo. Zvakafanana nekuenda kuchikoro chekudzidzira. Mu'(Thymus)` iyi ndipo panokura masero eT zvakanaka uye akagadzirira kushanda. Zvadaro, '(Thymus)` inotenderera masero aya mumuviri wese. 'Sisitimu yedu yelymphatic'Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwemasero aya eT mumuviri wese. Masero eT ane chepfu anonyanya kuunganidzwa, zvichireva kuti anowanikwa akawanda, munzvimbo dzinotevera:- Mupfupa
- Matumbu
- Mapapu
- Manodhi elymph
- Chidendene
- Matoni
Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo dzavanenge vakangwarira, vakagadzirira kuenda kuhondo chero nguva. Pane zvirwere zvinokanganisa masero aya ane chepfu here?
Ehe, zvinosuwisa kuti kune zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa masero edu ekudzivirira anokosha. Zvimwe 'zvirwere zve autoimmune' zvinokanganisa mashandiro emasero eT. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dzimwe nguva masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anotanga kurwisa masero edu. Mamiriro ezvinhu anosuwisa zvikuru. Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokanganisa masero eT:- Acute lymphocytic leukemia : Iyi imhando yegomarara rinotanga muropa nemumafupa.
- Hodgkin lymphoma yevakuru: Murudzi urwu rwekenza, masero ekenza anotangira mu lymphatic system.
- Virusi reHIV : Iri ivhairasi rinorwisa masero edu machena eropa. Kana rikasarapwa, rinogona kukonzera chirwere chinonzi `(AIDS) `.
- Dambudziko rebasa: Iri idambudziko risingawanzoitiki rekudzivirira muviri rinokonzera hutachiona hunowanzoitika.
- Thymic aplasia: Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, munhu anozvarwa aine thymus gland isina kunaka, iyo inodzivirira kukura kwemasero eT.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, masero edu eT haakwanise kuita basa rawo nemazvo, ndosaka zvichikosha kuchengetedza masoja emuviri ane hutano.
Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore zvatingaita kuti masoja edu emuviri arambe akasimba?
Kutaura zvazviri, shanduko diki mumararamiro edu dzinogona kubatsira zvikuru mukuchengetedza masoja emuviri edu akasimba. Funga nezvazvo sekupa simba rakanaka uye nharaunda yakanaka yemauto edu ekuchengetedza. Heano zvimwe zvinhu zviri nyore zvaunogona kuita:- Dzivisa doro, kana kuti deredza doro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kunwa doro rakawandisa kunoderedza simba remuviri rekudzivirira chirwere.
- Idya chikafu chakakwana chizere nemichero, miriwo, nyemba, zviyo, mapuroteni asina mafuta akawanda (senge hove, huku), uye mafuta ane hutano (senge avocado, nzungu). Izvi ndizvo zvinopa muviri wedu nemasero emuviri wedu ekudzivirira chirwere.
- Rovedza muviri nguva dzose . Isa maekisesaizi anosimbisa muviri wako, anowedzera kuchinjika, uye anowedzera kurova kwemoyo wako (aerobic). Kufamba kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pazuva kutanga kwakanaka.
- Wana maawa manomwe kusvika masere ekurara zvakanaka husiku hwese. Kurara zororo remuviri nepfungwa, uye kunobatsirawo masoja emuviri kuzvigadzirisa.
- Kana uchisvuta , rega. Kushandisa fodya kunogona kukuvadza zvikuru masoja emuviri wako. Kana uchida rubatsiro rwekurega, taura nachiremba wako.
- Kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuhutachiona, geza maoko ako nesipo nemvura nguva dzose. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha usati wadya, wapedza kushandisa chimbuzi, uye wabva panze.
Kana ukawedzera zvinhu zvidiki izvi muhupenyu hwako, masoja emuviri wako anowana simba guru rekudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere. Saka, ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zvatakadzidza nhasi? (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)
Pamwe wava kunzwisisa kuti `(Cytotoxic T cells)` yatataura nezvayo nhasi imhando yemasero akakosha kwazvo muimmune system yedu. Ndiwo mamwe emhando huru dzemasero anogadzirwa mugland redu re`(Thymus)`. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hezvino zvimwe zvinhu zvekurangarira:- Masero eT ane chepfu inyanzvi dzinorwisa hutachiona, kunyanya hutachiona hwehutachiona.
- Iwo, pamwe chete ne "Helper T cells", anoshanda sechikamu chakakosha che "adaptive immunity" yedu .
- Zvimwe zvirwere zve autoimmune nezvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukanganisa masero edu eT.
- Nekurarama hupenyu hune hutano, tinogona kuchengetedza masoja edu ekudzivirira chirwere uye kubatsira masero aya eT anokosha.
Saka, ikozvino wava kuziva zvakawanda nezvezvidziviriro zvidiki izvi, asi zvine simba zvikuru zvinoshanda kwauri mumuviri wako. Ibasa rako kuzvitarisira zvakanaka!
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