Tose tinoda kuziva nezvehuropi hwedu, handiti? Patinotaura nezvehuropi, kune zvikamu zvakasiyana, uye nzira dzakasiyana dzahunoshanda nadzo. Nhasi tichataura nezvechinhu chakakosha muuropi chinotibatsira kuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvakakosha, zvakaita sekuita mabasa edu ezuva nezuva, kufunga, kurangarira, uye kudzora manzwiro edu. Izvozvo zvinonzi 'Gray Matter.' Pamwe wakambonzwa zita iri kubva kuna chiremba kana kune imwe nzvimbo. Saka, ngationei kuti chii?
Chii chinonzi 'Gray Matter' iyi?
Muchidimbu, 'Gray Matter' imhando yenyama inokosha muuropi hwako nemumusana - 'Central Nervous System' yako. Ndiyo inokubatsira kuita mabasa ako ezuva nezuva zvakanaka. Unoziva here zviri mukati mayo? Inonyanya kuumbwa ne'neuronal bodies' dzakawanda, 'axon terminals', magumo emasero etsinga, uye 'dendrites'.
Iye zvino ungangove uchishamisika kuti chii chinonzi tsinga (neuron). Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi, tsinga yakaita semutumwa mudiki. Ine zvikamu zvikuru zvitatu:
- Muviri mukuru wetsinga dzeropa . Mukati mawo mune `nucleus`. Kufanana nenzvimbo yekudzora yemuviri wedu, nucleus iyi inodzora mabasa ese ese esero uye inochengetedza ruzivo rwemajini esero.
- Axon chimiro chakareba, chakatetepa, chine matavi chinotakura masaini emagetsi. Chakafanana newaya yefoni inotakura mameseji.
- Kune 'dendrites' dzakawanda, sematavi anogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kune mamwe masero. Idzi ndidzo dzinounganidza ruzivo kubva kune mamwe masero etsinga ari pedyo, sekutaura nevanhu vari pedyo.
Saka, 'grey matter' iyi yakawana zita rayo nekuti ine masero etsinga akawanda akadai. Zvakare, ine ruvara rwegrey zvishoma.
'Gray Matter' inokura sei?
'Gray Matter' iyi inotanga kukura kubva pazera diki kwazvo. Kureva kuti, kana mwana ari mudumbu raamai, anotanga kukura panguva yekukura kwemwana asati aberekwa . Zvadaro, kana mwana aberekwa, huwandu hwe'Gray Matter' iyi hunowedzera kusvika ava nemakore angangoita masere. Hazvingogumiri ipapo, kusvika ava nemakore angangoita makumi maviri, huwandu hwe'Gray Matter' iyi, kureva huwandu hwemasero etsinga akabatana zvakasimba, hunowedzera. Kuwedzera uku kwehuwandu ndiko kunotibvumira kugadzirisa ruzivo nekukurumidza ('high processing') uye kukura mupfungwa zvakanyanya.
Asi hechino chimwe chinhu chakakosha chekurangarira. MaNeuron haazvigadzirise kana kuzvigadzirisa ega. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana neuron ikakuvara kana kufa, itsva haizogadzirwi kuti iitsive. Ndosaka zvichikosha kutarisira pfungwa dzedu.
'Gray Matter' yeuropi hwemunhu yakasiyana sei?
Zvino tarisai, masisitimu etsinga dzezvimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa, dzakadai semakonzo nemadolphin, akafanana neatiri. Zvisinei, pane musiyano mukuru muuropi hwemunhu. Wakaona mifananidzo yeuropi hune makwinya akawanda, handiti? Mumakwinya iwayo, nzvimbo "dzakanyura" dzinonzi "sulci" uye nzvimbo "dzakakura" dzinonzi "gyri." Aya matete anonzi "sulci" uye "gyri" ndiwo anowanikwa masero etsinga ari pamusoro peuropi. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti "grey matter."
Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi, zvakafanana nekupeta bepa kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvikwane munzvimbo diki. Iyi ndiyo nzira yatinogona kuisa uropi hukuru mumusoro mudiki, uye inotibvumirawo kuchengeta 'Gray Matter' yakawanda. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vanhu vaine 'Gray Matter' yakawanda kupfuura dzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa. Semuenzaniso, uropi hwemunhu hune huwandu hunenge ka1000 kupfuura 'Gray Matter' pamusoro peuropi hwembeva! Hazvishamisi here?
Musiyano uripo pakati pe'Grey Matter' ne'White Matter' ndeupi?
Ungave wakambonzwawo nezve 'White Matter'. Zvese zviri zviviri, 'Grey Matter' uye 'White Matter', zvikamu zvakakosha zveuropi hwako nemusana. Inenge 40% yeuropi hwako inoumbwa ne 'Grey Matter', nepo imwe 60% inoumbwa ne 'White Matter'.
- Maruva egrey ane masero etsinga dzeuropi uye madendrite awo. Madendrite aya maumbirwo madiki akafanana neminwe anotaurirana nemaneuron ari pedyo.
- Kune rumwe rutivi, 'White Matter' ine 'axons' refu dzemasero etsinga. Izvi ndizvo zvinotakura mashoko kunzvimbo dziri kure dzeuropi nemusana.
Pane musiyanowo munzira yazvinoshanda nayo:
Nekuti 'Grey Matter' ine huwandu hwakawanda hwemasero etsinga (pane nucleus yesero), kugadziriswa kwemashoko kunoitika pano. Kugona kwevanhu kufunga nekufunga kwakadzika midzi mu 'Grey Matter' iyi. Kureva kuti, zvese zvatinonzwa, zvatinoona, zvatinofunga, zvatinofamba, zvatinodzidza, zvatinotaura, uye zvatinonzwisisa zvinoitika mu 'Grey Matter'.
Basa re'White Matter' nderekupa kutaurirana pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana dze'Gray Matter', uye pakati pe'Gray Matter' nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Semigwagwa inotakura mashoko.
Musiyano weruvara:
'Grey Matter' inowana ruvara rwayo rwegrey kubva muhuwandu hwemasero etsinga. 'White Matter' inowana ruvara rwayo rwechena kubva pachifukidziro chekudzivirira chinonzi `myelin sheath` chakakomberedza `axons`.
Chii chinoitika ku 'Grey Matter'?
'Grey Matter' inofamba mutsinga dzemuviri wako inokosha pakudzora mafambiro ako, kuchengetedza ndangariro, uye kudzora manzwiro . Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeuropi dzinoita mabasa akasiyana. Saka, 'Grey Matter' inoita basa guru mumabasa ese evanhu.
'Grey Matter' iri kupi?
Zvinhu zvichena zvinowanikwa pamusoro peuropi hwako, pamwe chete nemukati meuropi nemusana.
Uropi:
Nzvimbo dziri pamusoro nedzakadzika dzeuropi dzine zvinhu zvitema. Makomba nezvikamu zviri muuropi - zvinonzi gyri nesulci - zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvitema. Zvimiro izvi zvinowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro uye zvinobvumira masero etsinga akawanda, zvichipa vanhu basa repfungwa rakakwirira kupfuura dzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Grey Matter inonyanya kutaurwa nezvayo mu:
- Cerebellum : Iyi ndiyo chikamu cheuropi hwako chinodzora zvinhu zvakaita sekufamba kwako uye kuenzana. Zvinoshamisa kuti, cerebellum iyi ine masero etsinga akawanda kupfuura zvimwe zvikamu zvese zveuropi hwako zvabatanidzwa!
- `Cerebrum` : Iyi ndiyo chikamu chikuru cheuropi. Inobatanidzwa muzvinhu zvakaita sekufunga, kuita sarudzo, mutauro, uye kurangarira.
- `Brainstem` : Izvi zvinobatanidza uropi nemusana. Chikamu ichi chinodzora mabasa akakosha akadai sekufema nekurova kwemoyo.
Tambo yemusana:
`Grey Matter` chimiro chakaita senyanga chiri mukati memuzongoza (chinhu chichena chiri kunze). Mumuzongoza, chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvakananga:
- Chikamu chegrey chepamberi : Izvi ndizvo zvinotumira zviratidzo kumhasuru uye zvinodzora kufamba.
- `Posterior grey column` : Apa ndipo patinonzwa manzwiro kubva mumuviri akadai sekubata, kurwadziwa, uye tembiricha.
- `Lateral grey column` : Izvi zvine chekuita ne autonomic nervous system, kureva kuti, nezvinhu zvatisingazvidzore nemaune (semuenzaniso kurova kwemoyo, kudikitira).
Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kurasikirwa/kurasikirwa kwechinhu chegrey matter?
Kana masero etsinga ari mu 'Gray Matter' akafa, masero aya 'atrophies' , zvichireva kuti anodzikira muhukuru. Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti masero etsinga afe ndechekuti anoshaikwa ropa . Nekuti masero aya etsinga anogara achishanda, anoda okisijeni yakawanda (inobva muropa) kuti ashande zvakanaka. Kana ropa rikangoerekana ravharwa, semuenzaniso, ne 'stroke' kana 'brain hemorrhage' , masero aya anogona kufa kana kukuvara.
Masero etsinga dzegrey matter anofa zvakajairika patinokura, asi ndiwo masero anogara kwenguva refu mumiviri yedu.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda zvine chekuita nekukuvara kweganda:
- Chirwere cheAlzheimer : Ichi chirwere apo mhando mbiri dzemapuroteni - amyloid protein ne tau protein - dzinoungana zvisina kujairika muuropi. Izvi zvinoita kuti masero etsinga ari mugrey matter afe.
- Chirwere cheParkinson : Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nekurasikirwa kwemasero etsinga muchikamu cheuropi chinonzi substantia nigra, chine grey matter. Ichi chirwere chinokanganisa kufamba.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) : Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva MS sechirwere chinobvisa myelin chinokanganisa zvinhu zvichena. Zvisinei, tsvakiridzo itsva yakaratidza kuti inokuvadzawo zvinhu zvichena, kunyanya zvinhu zvichena zviri mukati meuropi.
- Kukuvara Kwepfungwa Kunorwadza (TBI) : Kurohwa zvakanyanya mumusoro kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kweganda regrey nekuda kwekubuda ropa mukati meuropi . Izvi zvinogona kutokonzera kufa kwemasero kunonzi apoptosis (programmed cell death) .
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa pakukuvadzwa kwe'Gray Matter'?
Kazhinji, kukuvara kwe grey matter kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita se:
- Kurasikirwa nendangariro : Dzimwe nguva unokanganwa zvinhu, handiti? Zvinhu zvidiki zvakajairika. Asi kana grey matter ikakuvara, kukanganwa uku kunogona kuwedzera kuipa, uye ungatotadza kurangarira zvinhu zvitsva.
- `Kusagadzikana kwepfungwa` : Izvi zvinoreva matambudziko emutauro (kuomerwa nekuwana mazwi, kuoma kunzwisisa zviri kutaurwa), kuoma kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe, kuoma kufunga nekuita zvisarudzo zvine musoro, uye kuoma kuita sarudzo dzakaoma.
- Matambudziko ekushanda kwemuviri : Zvinogona kuoma kuita mabasa ane hunyanzvi hwekushanda kwemuviri (semuenzaniso, kusungira mabhatani ehembe, kunyora, kubata kapu).
Ungaongorora sei hutano hwe 'Gray Matter'?
Vanachiremba vanowanzo shandisa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kuti vaongorore hutano hwe grey matter yako ne white matter. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kubatsira kuona zvirwere zvakaita se Parkinson's disease uye multiple sclerosis (MS).
Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe miedzo inogona kuongorora hutano uye mashandiro e grey matter ndeiyi:Izvi zvinonzi `functional MRI (fMRI)` uye `positron emission tomography (PET)` .
Kukuvadzwa kwezvinhu zvichena kunogona kurapwa here?
Izvi zvinosuwisa zvishoma. Zvinosuwisa kuti parizvino hapana nzira yekurapa kana kugadzirisa kukuvara kweganda. Sezvandambotaura, kana masero etsinga afa, haadzokorori kuzvara. Uyewo, masero etsinga haaparadzani uye haawande semamwe masero mumuviri wedu.
Saka, nzira chete yekurapa zvirwere zvine chekuita nekukuvara kana kurasikirwa kweganda ndeyekugadzirisa zviratidzo.
Nzira yekuchengetedza sei 'Gray Matter' iine hutano?
Asi, hatifaniri kurasa tariro! Kunyange zvazvo tisingakwanise kumisa zvachose kurasikirwa nezvinhu zvisina kuchena, pane zvakawanda zvatinogona kuita kuti chikamu ichi chinokosha cheuropi hwedu chirambe chakasimba.
Kuwanikwa kweropa neokisijeni kwakakodzera kwakakosha pahutano hwe 'Gray Matter'. Saka, zvakakosha zvikuru kudzora zvinhu zvinokonzera 'chirwere chetsinga dzeropa' . Heano zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti uite izvi:
- Kana uine BP yakakwira (BP), dzora dambudziko racho.
- Kurovedza muviri nguva dzose .
- Kuderedza kushandiswa kwedoro .
- Kuramba uine huremu hwakanaka hunokunakira.
- Kurara zvakanaka husiku .
- Kudzora huwandu hweshuga muropa rako necholesterol .
- Dzivisa kusvuta , kana kuti rega kana uchidaro.
- Kuedza kuderedza kushushikana .
Kunyange zvazvo grey matter ichidzikira nekukura, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira vanorovedza muviri nguva dzose vane grey matter yakawanda kupfuura avo vasingaite. Uchapupu uhwu hunoratidza kuti kuramba uchiita maekisesaizi muhupenyu hwako hwese kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza grey matter yako iine hutano uye kukubatsira kurarama kwenguva yakareba.
Uyewo, kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva nehunyanzvi hutsva mukati memavhiki akati wandei, kwete maawa mashoma chete, kunogona kuvandudza hutano hwe "Gray Matter" yako. Kunyangwe rudzi urwu rwekukurudzira pfungwa rusingagadzire masero matsva etsinga, runogona kugadzira hukama hutsva pakati pemasero etsinga aripo. Izvi zvinonzi "brain plasticity / neuroplasticity."
Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira
'Grey Matter' ndiyo nhengo inokosha muuropi hwako nemusana inokutendera kuti ushande nenyika yakakupoteredza. Ndiyo hwaro hwemabasa ese epfungwa. Matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano anogona kukanganisa 'Grey Matter' yako. Zvisinei, nguva dzoseUnogona kubatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwehuropi hwako nekutevera mararamiro ane hutano, akadai sekurovedza muviri uye kuchengetedza huremu hwakanaka hunokunakira.
Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoda ari kuona zviratidzo zvamunofunga kuti zvine chekuita nechirwere chepfungwa, ndapota bvunzai chiremba kuti akupei mazano. Ndicho chinhu chakanakisisa chamungaita.
Uropi , Grey Matter, Tsinga, Masero Etsinga, Muzongoza, Ndangariro, Kufunga, Hutano Hweuropi, Grey Matter, Zvirwere Zvetsinga
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