Tose tinofema nguva dzose. Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti mweya uyu unopinda sei mumuviri, uye kuti nzira yacho yakaita sei? Sezvinongoita mota ine mugwagwa, kune nzira dzakakosha dzekufema kwatinoita kuti tisvike kumapapu edu. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezve 'nzira yekufema' iyi, kana kuti mumashoko ekurapa, nzira dzekufema, idzo dzakakosha uye dzakakosha zvikuru muhupenyu hwedu.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nzira idzi dzekufema chii?
Nzira dzekufema ndiwo machubhu, kana kuti migero, inobvumira mweya kupinda nekubuda mumapapu ako. Ichi chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwedu hwekufema. Funga nezvacho senzira yekumhanya kwendege kuti ibve nekumhara. Nzira dzekufema ndiwo mashandisiro atinoita okisijeni kubva mumhepo yatinofema uye kubvisa carbon dioxide (CO2) .
Iyi nzira yekufema inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvikuru zviviri.
- Nzira dzekufema dzekumusoro: Idzi dziri pedyo nechiso chako, musoro, nemutsipa. Dzinosanganisira mhino, mhino, sinuses, pharynx, uye larynx. Apa ndipo panopinda mweya unobva kunze mumuviri.
- Nzira dzekufema dziri pasi: Idzi dziri mumutsipa wako nepachipfuva. Dzinosanganisira trachea, bronchi, uye bronchioles. Ichi ndicho chikamu chinotakura mweya zvakananga mumapapu ako.
Izvi zvinongopfuura kungofambisa mweya chete here?
Ehe, zvechokwadi! Kunyangwe basa guru renzira yekufema riri rekuti mweya upinde, sisitimu iyi inoita zvinopfuura izvozvo. Inoshanda sedziviriro yemuviri wedu.
| Basa rekufema | Ndizvo zvinoitika chete. |
|---|---|
| Inodzora tembiricha uye hunyoro | Kunyangwe mhepo inotonhora yatinofema kubva kunze inodziiswa kuti ienderane netembiricha yemuviri wedu uye inowedzerwa nehunyoro hunodiwa isati yatumirwa kumapapu edu. |
| Inobvisa tsvina netsvina | Madziro enzira yekufema ane zvidimbu zvidiki zvakaita sebvudzi zvinonzi cilia. Izvi zvinobata utachiona hunopinda neguruva mumadzihwa zvobva zvasundidzira kumusoro, sebhandi remuchina wekufambisa mweya mufekitori. Zvadaro, patinokosora kana kuhotsira, tsvina netsvina zvinobuda pamwe chete nemadzihwa. |
| Inobatsira pakutaura nekunhuhwidza | Patinotaura, ruzha runoburitswa nekudedera kwetsinga dzenzwi apo mweya unopfuura pamusoro padzo. Saizvozvowo, patinofema, hwema huri mumhepo hunotumira mashoko kuuropi kuburikidza netsinga yekunhuhwirira iri mumhino, iyo inoita kuti tinhuwidze hwema. |
Zvirwere zvinowanzo kanganisa nzira yekufema
Nzira yedu yekufema inogona kukanganiswa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu.
1. Zvirwere zvisingaperi
Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvemajini, kukuvara kwenzira yekufema, kana zvirwere zvekuzvarwa nazvo.
- Asima
- Bronchiectasis
- Chirwere chemapapu chinovhara mapapu (COPD)
- Cystic fibrosis
2. Kuzvimba kwenzira dzekufema
Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana (zvakaita sefuruu neCOVID-19) uye allergies zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba munzira dzekufema. Zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nekwakazvimba.
- Bronchitis - Kuzvimba kwemachubhu ebronchial.
- Bronchiolitis - kuzvimba kwemachubhu ebronchial.
- Sinusitis - kuzvimba kwe sinus maburi.
3. Kuvharika kwenzira dzekufema (Kuvharika)
Chinhu chekunze, nyama yemuviri, kana chimwe chikonzero chinogona kuvhara nzira yekufema, zvichikonzera kutadza kufema zvakanaka.
- Kudzipwa: Mwana mudiki anomedza chimwe chinhu chakaita sechitoyi kana pizi.
- Kukura kwakanaka.
- Mabundu ane kenza.
- Kutetepa kwenzira yekufema (Stenosis).
- Kusagona kufema zvakanaka panguva yekurara (OSA): Kuvharika kwenzira yekufema nekuda kwekuvharika kwehuro panguva yekurara.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvezvirwere izvi?
Kana paine dambudziko netsinga yako yekufema, zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika.
- Mhuno inoyerera kana kuti mhuno yakazadza.
- Kunzwa ruzha rusina kujairika pakufema, senge kufemera kana stridor .
- Kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kushaya mweya (dyspnea).
- Kurara zvakanyanya masikati (kunyanya kana uine OSA).
Kana ukaramba uine zviratidzo zvakadai, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba wako nekukasika wotsvaga mazano usingazviregeredzi.
Miedzo yekutarisa matambudziko ekufema
Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti aongorore hutano hwenzira yako yekufema.
- Miedzo inoshandisa kamera kutarisa mukati: Miedzo yakaita se nasal endoscopy, iyo inotarisa mukati memhino, uye bronchoscopy, iyo inotarisa mukati menzira dzekufema dzinoenda kumapapu.
- Miedzo yekushanda kwemapapu: Miedzo inoyera kugona kwako kufema nekubuda.
- Pulse oximetry: Mudziyo unoyera huwandu hweokisijeni muropa rako, wakafanana nekachipi kadiki kanokwana pamunwe wako.
- Kuongororwa kweX-rays dzechipfuva uye CT scans: Izvi zvinobatsira kuona zvirwere nekuwana mifananidzo yakajeka yenzira dzekufema nemapapu.
- Zvidzidzo zvekurara: Izvi zvinoshandiswa kuongorora ngonono uye kufema kwekurara.
Ndezvipi zvinorapwa zvenzira yekufema?
Kurapwa kunoenderana nemamiriro ehutano hwako.
Mhando dzemishonga
- Mishonga inoderedza kuzvimba uye inovhura nzira dzekufema: Iyi inogona kuva corticosteroids kana bronchodilators inoshandiswa semushonga wekufema.
- Kurapa hutachiona: Mishonga yakaita semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi.
- Mishonga yeAllergy: Mishonga yakaita seantihistamines.
Mamwe marapirwo
- Kuvhiyiwa: Kana paine chinhu chakavharika kana bundu, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa kuti chibviswe.
- Kupinza mweya muchubhu: Kana kufema kusina kumira zvakanaka, chubhu inopinzwa nemuromo kana mumhino kuti nzira yekufema irambe yakavhurika uye kuti mhepo ipinde nepamuviri.
- Tracheostomy: Nzira yekuvhiya mutsipa inogadzirwa buri pamberi pemutsipa kuti munhu akwanise kufema nepaipi yemhepo. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvenguva pfupi kana kuti zvechigarire.
- Muchina weCPAP: Muchina uyu unobatsira vanhu vane dambudziko rekushaya hope (OSA) nekupomba mweya nepamasiki inopfekwa pamhuno pavanenge vakarara, zvichiita kuti nzira yekufema irambe yakavhurika.
Zvinhu zvatinogona kuita kuti nzira dzedu dzekufema dzirambe dzakagwinya
Zvinhu izvi zviri nyore zvinobatsira zvikuru pakuchengetedza mweya wako wakasimba uye uine hutano.
- Dzivisa kusvuta uye kuputa fodya zvachose. Kusvuta fodya ndicho chinokonzera matambudziko ekufema. Kuputa fodya ine makemikari anokuvadza.
- Dzivisa kusvibisa. Dzivisa kufema zvinhu zvakaita seutsi hwemotokari, makemikari, uye utsi hwemunhu. Pfeka mask kana uchishanda munzvimbo dzine guruva uye dzine utsi.
- Inwa mvura yakawanda. Kunwa mvura yakakwana kunobatsira kuderedza ukobvu hwemanyoka uye kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuburitsa mvura.
- Zvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere. Geza maoko ako nguva nenguva. Wana majekiseni anodiwa sezvakakurudzirwa nachiremba wako. Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinokanganisa nzira yekufema.
- Chenjerera maekisesaizi. Kana uine matambudziko ekufema, taura nachiremba wako nezvemaekisesaizi ekufema akakunakira.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Nzira dzako dzekufema hadzisi chubhu inongopfuura nemhepo chete, asi inzira inoshamisa inokudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere, inokubatsira kutaura, uye inokubatsira kunhuhwidza.
- Kana ukaita ruzha rusinganzwisisike paunenge uchifema, uchikosora, kana kuti uchigara wakavharika mhino, usafunge kuti zvakajairika.
- Tsika dziri nyore dzakadai sekurega kusvuta uye kunwa mvura yakawanda zvinogona kubatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwako hwekufema kwenguva refu.
- Kana uine matambudziko ekufema, usafungidzire, asi edza kuona chiremba ane hunyanzvi wowana mazano akakodzera uye kurapwa.
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