Kana chiremba akakuudza kuti mwana wako mudiki ane autism, zvakajairika kuti iwe, semubereki, unzwe mutoro mukuru uye kutya zvishoma. 'Ndoita sei izvozvi? Ndingabatsira sei mwana wangu? Ramangwana rake richave rakaita sei?' Mibvunzo yakaita seiyi inofanira kunge yakauya mupfungwa dzako kakawanda. Usazvidya mwoyo. Hausi wega. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvemishonga inogona kubatsira vana vane autism, kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwavo, uye kuvadzidzisa mararamiro akanaka munyika ino.
Chii chinonyatsoitika nekurapa uku kwe autism?
Chekutanga, pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha chatinofanira kunzwisisa tese. Autism haisi chirwere. Haisi chinhu chinogona 'kurapwa' kana 'kugadziriswa'. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, autism musiyano munzira iyo uropi hwemwana wako hunoshanda uye hunoshandisa ruzivo. Tinodaidza izvi mumashoko ekurapa kuti `Neurodivergence'. Sekunge vamwe vanhu vakareba uye vamwe vapfupi, uropi hwevamwe vanhu hunoshanda zvakasiyana.
Saka chinangwa chekurapa uku hachisi cheku "gadzira" mwana, kumumanikidza kuchinja, kana kumuisa muchimiro chimwe chete chiripo munharaunda. Pane kudaro, kurapwa uku kunozivisa nekukudziridza simba remwana uye kunomupa hunyanzvi hwaanoda kuti akunde matambudziko aanosangana nawo. Nyika ino haisi nguva dzose iri nyore kuvana '(neurodivergent)'. Saka, chinangwa chikuru chekurapa uku ndechekugadzirira mwana kurarama munyika iyoyo zvinobudirira, zvinofara, uye zvakazvimiririra sezvinobvira.
Haasi marapirwo ese aunonzwa nezve online kana kubva kushamwari akarurama kana kuti akachengeteka. Kune ngano dzakawanda uye mashoko asiri echokwadi nezve autism. Saka, gara uchitevedzera marapirwo akavakirwa pauchapupu anokurudzirwa nachiremba wako.
Ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa yekurapa mwana wangu?
Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevabereki vazhinji. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti, hapana mushonga mumwe chete 'wakanakisisa' unoshanda kumwana wese. Nekuti mwana wese akasiyana. Zvinoshanda zvakanaka kumwana mumwe zvinogona kusabudirira kune mumwe.
Chiremba wako nechikwata chehutano chemwana wako vachafunga nezvezvinhu izvi pavanenge vachikurudzira kurapwa:
- Zera remwana uye zvinodiwa zvakasiyana: Kwete kurapwa kunodiwa nemwana mudiki, asi zvinodiwa nemwana mudiki.
- Mamwe matambudziko ehutano ane mwana: Mwana anogona kunge aine mamwe matambudziko ehutano, ayo anofungidzirwawo pakusarudza kurapwa.
- Zvinodiwa nemhuri yako, purogiramu, uye hunyanzvi hwemari: Hurongwa hwakagadzirwa kuti huenderane nezvose izvi.
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa vana vane autism. Ngatikurukurei nezve nzira idzi imwe neimwe.
- Kurapa maitiro
- Kurapa nemutauro wekutaura
- Kurapa kwepabasa uye kwemuviri
- Kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugarisana nevamwe
- Kudzidziswa kwevabereki
Ngatitangei tatarisa maitiro ekurapa.
Iyi ndeimwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa vana vane autism. Inongosanganisira kukurudzira mwana kuti aite zvinhu zvakanaka uye kuderedza maitiro akaoma anogona kukuvadza ivo kana vamwe. Semuenzaniso, kukurudzira maitiro akanaka, akadai sekutaura nekukumbira zvinhu zvavanoda.
Kurapa uku kwakavakirwa padzidziso yekudzidza inonzi Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana mwana akaratidza hunhu hwakanaka uye tikamurumbidza (tichimupa mubayiro), anowanzoita kuti adzokorore hunhu ihwohwo.
Kare, paiva negakava pamusoro pekushandiswa kwechirango nenzira iyi ye "(ABA)``. Asi izvozvo hazvichadaro. Nhasi, kurapwa kwemaitiro kunosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Kushandisa simba rakanaka: Kana mwana apedza chinangwa, mupe mubairo. Izvi zvinogona kuva chero chinhu kubva patoyi raanofarira kusvika pakurumbidzwa. Izvi zvinokurudzira mwana kudzidza hunyanzvi hutsva.
- Kudzidzisa kuburikidza neMutambo: Kutamba kunodzidzisa vana hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe uye maitiro ekuvaka hukama nevamwe.
- Kutsvaga chikonzero chemaitiro akaoma: Kana mwana akangoerekana atsamwa, pane chikonzero chacho. Pamwe imhaka yekuti haakwanise kutaura zvaanoda. Nenzira iyi, chikonzero chinowanikwa uye mhinduro yakakodzera inopihwa.
- Kurapwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana: Mamwe marapirwo anoitirwa muhofisi yenyanzvi. Mamwe anoitirwa munzvimbo dzinozivikanwa nemwana, dzakadai sekumba, kuchikoro, kana kunhandare yekutamba.
- Nguva pfupi kana refu: Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemwana, kurapwa uku kunogona kugara kwemwedzi yakati wandei, gore, kana kupfuura.
Ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dziri dzekurapa maitiro?
Ngatitarisei mamwe emishonga yakanyorwa pazasi ayo akasimbiswa nesainzi kuti anoshanda zvakanaka mutafura ino.
| Zita reKupindira | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, izvi ndizvo zvinoitika... |
|---|---|
| Kupindira Kwakasimba Kwemaitiro Ekutanga (EIBI) | Uku kurapwa kwakasimba, kwakanangana nepfungwa kunowanzo tanga nevana vari pasi pemakore mana uye kunogara kwemakore akati wandei. Kunobatsira pakutaurirana, hukama hwevanhu, uye maitiro anodzokorora. |
| Kutanga Kwekutanga kweDenver Model (ESDM) | Izvi zvakagadzirirwa vana vadiki . Zvinovandudza hunyanzvi hwemwana hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe, hwekufunga, uye hwemutauro pavanenge vachitamba munzvimbo dzavanojaira, dzakadai sekumba. |
| Kunyatsoteerera Pamwe Chete, Kutamba Nezviratidzo, Kubatanidzwa Uye Kudzora (JASPER) | Iyi inzira zvakare yekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana kwevanhu hwevana kubva pamwedzi gumi nemiviri kusvika kumakore masere kuburikidza nekutamba. |
| Kurapa Kupindura Kwakakosha (PRT) | Izvi ndezvekukurudzira vana kuti vataure uye vabatane nevamwe. Zvinovadzidzisa kuti vangatanga sei hurukuro uye vangapindura sei vamwe. |
| Kurapwa neKudzidziswa kweVana Vane Autistic uye Vana Vane Hurema Hwakabatana Nekutaurirana (TEACCH®) | Inobatsira kuvaka hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yakarongeka yakagadzirirwa hunyanzvi hwemwana uye zvaanoda pamanzwiro ake. |
Rubatsiro kubva kukurapa kwekutaura nemutauro
Vana vazhinji vane autism vanonetseka nekutaura nekutaura. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa rwakagadzirirwa izvi. Nyanzvi yekurapa kutaura inobatsira mwana nezvinhu zvakaita se:
- Ita zvikumbiro zviri nyore: Dzidza kutaura zvaunoda nemitsara mipfupi yakaita sekuti "Ndinoda mvura," "Ndinoda kuenda kuchimbuzi."
- Taura manzwiro ako nemashoko: Vadzidzise kuratidza manzwiro akadai semufaro, kusuruvara, uye hasha.
- Gadzirisa kumhanya uye mutinhimira wekutaura kwako:Vamwe vana vanotaura nekukurumidza, kana kuti nemutinhimira mumwe chete. Vabatsirei kugadzirisa izvozvo.
- Shandisa dzimwe nzira dzekutaurirana: Vana vanonetseka nekutaura vanogona kushandisa nzira dzeAugmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Semuenzaniso, makadhi emifananidzo, mutauro wemasaini, kana zvishandiso zvinogadzira kutaura zvinogona kushandiswa.
Ngatidzidzei nezve Occupational & Physical Therapy.
Vamwe vanhu vanovhiringidzika zvishoma pavanonzwa mazita maviri aya. Ngationei zvinoitika nemazita maviri aya.
Kurapa Kwebasa (OT)
Izvi zvinopa mwana hunyanzvi hwaanoda kuti aite mabasa ezuva nezuva (atinodaidza kuti `Mabasa eZuva Nezuva - ADLs) ega. Funga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekukwesha mazino, kupfeka, kudya, uye kusunga tambo dzeshangu. Zvinobatsirawo nezvinhu zvakaita sekuoma kunyora nekubata matoyi.
Kurapa Kwemuviri (PT)
Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira pamatambudziko ane chekuita nekufamba kwemuviri wemwana. Semuenzaniso, kurapwa uku kunobatsira kuvandudza kuenzana kwemwana, kudzikamisa kufamba kwake, kuderedza kufamba kwetsoka, uye kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekufambisa hunodiwa pazvinhu zvakaita sekumhanya nekusvetuka.
Kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugarisana nevamwe uye kudzidziswa kwevabereki
Kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekugarisana nevamwe
Iyi iboka rekurapa rinowanzoitwa nevana vadiki nevakuru. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe marapirwo achinyanya kutarisisa hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe, iyi inonyanya kutarisisa paari. Izvi zvinobatsira mwana:
- Ita shamwari.
- Nzwisisa zviratidzo zvisingataurwi, zvakaita sechitarisiko chechiso uye kutarisana nemaziso.
- Ita hurukuro pakati pevanhu vaviri.
- Kusangana nekushungurudzwa nevamwe.
Kudzidziswa kwevabereki
Ichi chikamu chakakoshawo zvikuru. Pano, vabereki vanoziviswa nezvenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzavanogona kubatsira nadzo mwana wavo. Semuenzaniso:
- Maitiro ekuwana kutariswa kwemwana.
- Maitiro ekupa mwana sarudzo.
- Maitiro ekukurudzira vana kuti vawirirane nevamwe vavo.
Kana ukasanganisa zvaunodzidza kubva mukudzidziswa uku nekurapwa kwemwana wako, mhedzisiro yacho ichatobudirira zvikuru.
Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo pakusarudza chirongwa chekurapa
Chiremba wako achakubatsira kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera mwana wako, asi semubereki, zvakakosha kuti iwe uzive zvinhu izvi zvakare.
- Vanoongorora mwana nemazvo here? Vanoongorora nemazvo simba remwana nekushaya simba kwake vasati vatanga chirongwa chakanaka.
- Pane zvinangwa zvakajeka here?Vanofanira kukwanisa kutsanangura zvinangwa zvinodiwa nemwana uye kuti vachayera sei kuti asvika papi.
- Mwana anowana kutarisirwa kwemunhu oga here? Tarisa uone kana paine vashandi vakakwana kuti vape mwana kutarisirwa kwemunhu oga.
- Nyanzvi idzi dzakadzidziswa zvakanaka here? Usazeza kubvunza nezvehunyanzvi hwavo neruzivo rwavo.
- Vanokoshesa here kutora chikamu kwenyu? Mapurogiramu akanakisa anogara achisanganisira vabereki. Anokudzidzisawo zvinhu zvaunogona kuita kuti ubatsire mwana wako kumba.
Kana uchifunga kuti chimwe chinhu hachina kunaka mupfungwa dzako, kana usina chivimbo munzvimbo iyoyo, teerera zvaunoudzwa nemoyo wako. Tsvaga imwe nzvimbo. Mwana wese akasiyana, saka mabatiro anofanira kunge akafanana. Mufaro nekuchengetedzwa kwemwana zvakakosha kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Autism haisi chirwere chinoda 'kurapwa'. Ishanduko mukushanda kwehuropi. Chinangwa chekurapa hachisi chekugadzirisa mwana, asi kumubatsira kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwake uye kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka.
- Gara uchisarudza mishonga inotsigirwa neuchapupu hwaunokurudzirwa nachiremba wako. Usatende zvese zvaunonzwa pa internet kana kubva kushamwari dzako.
- Mhedzisiro yacho inobudirira zvikuru kana kurapwa kuchigona kutanga pazera diki (kunyanya vasati vasvitsa makore matatu). Zvisinei, hazvimbofi zvakanonoka kutanga kurapwa.
- Hakuna mushonga wekuti 'saizi imwe chete inokodzera zvese'. Ungangoda kuedza nzira dzakasiyana kuti uwane kuti ndeipi inonyanya kushanda kumwana wako.
- Ndiwe simba guru remwana wako. Shanda pamwe chete nechikwata chekurapa, bvunza mibvunzo, uye tsigira mwana wako.
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