Une dambudziko rekufema here kana kuti une chirwere chakadai seasthma? Wakambotarisa zita remushonga wekufema waunoshandisa here? Chiremba wako angangodaro akakupa mushonga unonzi "beta-agonist." Izvi zvinorevei chaizvo? Zita racho ringanzwika serakaoma, asi usazvidya moyo. Nhasi tichataura nezvazvo nenzira iri nyore yaunogona kunzwisisa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi beta-agonist uyu?
Beta-agonists rudzi rwemishonga inonyanya kushandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvemapapu. Kuti unzwisise mashandiro azvo, unofanirwa kunzwisisa "maswichi" madiki ari mumiviri yedu. Tinodaidza aya ma beta-receptors . Funga nezvawo semasuo madiki ari mumasero edu. Beta-agonist ndiyo kiyi inovhura masuo aya.
Kana mushonga uyu (kiyi) ukaenda wonosunga kune iyo receptor (gonhi), sero iroro rinogamuchira "chiratidzo" chekuita chimwe chinhu. Chiratidzo ichi chinoita kuti tsandanyama dziri munhengo dzakadai semapapu edu nemoyo dzizorore. Kana tsandanyama dziri mumapapu dzazorora, nzira dzekufema dzakamanikana dzinokura, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kwauri kufema. Uyewo, mamwe marudzi e beta-agonists anogona kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo wedu uye kuwedzera kushanda kwemoyo.
Ndeapi marudzi makuru e beta-agonists?
Kune mhando nhatu huru dzema beta-receptors mumuviri wedu: beta-1, beta-2, uye beta-3. Saka mishonga iyi yakagadzirirwa kunanga ma receptors iwayo.
Beta-1 agonists
Mishonga iyi inonyanya kunanga ma beta-1 receptors ari mumoyo medu. Kana mishonga iyi ikapihwa, mwoyo unotanga kurova nekukurumidza uye unotanga kupomba ropa nesimba rakawanda. Iyi inowanzo shandiswa navanachiremba muzvipatara mune emergency senge heart attack.
Beta-2 agonists
Iyi ndiyo mhando ye beta-agonist inonyanya kushandiswa. Mishonga yeasthma inhaler yaunoshandisa ingangove imwe yemhando idzi dzemishonga. Iyi inotarisa beta-2 receptors mumapapu . Kana mishonga iyi ikafemerwa neinhaler, inozorodza tsandanyama dzakatenderedza nzira dzekufema mumapapu, zvichiita kuti dzikure. Ndosaka ichinziwo bronchodilators .
Rudzi urwu rwe beta-2 agonist rwakakamurwawo mumapoka maviri:
- Ma-beta-agonists anoshanda kwenguva pfupi (SABA): Aya ndiwo auri mu "ma-inhaler ekununura." Fungidzira kuti wangoerekana wabatwa neasthma uye wava kushaya mweya. Paunobata iyi inhaler, inokurumidza kuwedzera nzira dzekufema uye inoita kuti zvive nyore kufema mukati memaminitsi mashoma.
- Mabeta-agonists anoshanda kwenguva refu (LABA):Izvi zvinoshandiswa zuva nezuva kudzora zviratidzo. Vanachiremba vanokurudzira izvi kuvanhu vane zvirwere zvakaita seCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) kana avo vanowanzo rwara neasthma. Mhedzisiro yeizvi inogara kwemaawa.
Beta-3 agonists
Rudzi urwu rwemushonga rutsva. Mishonga iripo ye beta-3 agonists inoshandiswa kuzorodza tsandanyama dzedundira . Izvi zvinoitirwa kurapa chirwere chinonzi "dundira rinoita basa zvakanyanya," apo unofanira kuita weti nguva nenguva. Inowedzera kugona kwedundira uye inodzora kuda kuita weti.
Mamiriro makuru anoshandiswa ma beta-agonists
Sezvatakambokurukura, mamiriro ezvinhu anoshandiswa beta-agonists anosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwe beta-agonist.
- Zvirwere zvekufema: Beta-2 agonists (kunyanya zvinofema) zvinowanzo shandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakaita seasthma neCOPD .
- Kukurumidzira kwekurapa: Mishonga yeBeta-1 agonists inoshandiswa muzvipatara kudzorera mashandiro emoyo muzviitiko zvakaita seallergies dzakakomba (anaphylaxis) uye cardiogenic shock.
- Chirwere chemwoyo: Izvi zvinogona kushandiswawo kurapa mamwe matambudziko emwoyo.
- Matambudziko edundira: Beta-3 agonists inoshandiswa kurapa dundira rinoita basa rakawandisa.
- Mazinga epotassium akawanda muropa (Hyperkalemia): Mune zvimwe zviitiko, beta-2 agonist inoshandiswawo kudzora mazinga epotassium akawanda muropa zvine njodzi.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti usashandise chero ipi zvayo yemishonga iyi usina kurairwa nachiremba. Chiremba wako chete ndiye anogona kusarudza mushonga wakakodzera, mwero, uye nzira yekushandisa.
| Rudzi rweBeta-agonist | Mienzaniso (mazita emishonga) | Inonyanya kushandiswa |
|---|---|---|
| Beta-2 agonist inoshanda kwenguva pfupi (SABA) | Albuterol, Salbutamol, Levalbuterol | Kana paine matambudziko ekufema anokonzerwa neasthma kana COPD. |
| Beta-2 agonist inoshanda kwenguva refu (LABA) | Formoterol, Salmeterol, Indacaterol | Kugadzirisa zviratidzo zveasthma neCOPD zuva nezuva. |
| Beta-1 agonist | Dobutamine, Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) | Kuvandudza mashandiro emoyo panguva dzenjodzi dzakadai sekurwadziwa kwemoyo. |
| Beta-1 nebeta-2 agonists | Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Isoproterenol | Mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi akadai seallergies dzakakomba (anaphylaxis). |
| Beta-3 agonist mushonga wekurapa chirwere chemwoyo | Mirabegron | Dundira rinoita basa rakawandisa. |
Mushonga uyu unoshanda sei mumuviri?
Izvi zviri nyore kunzwisisa. Muviri wedu une chimwe chinhu chinonzi "autonomic nervous system." Izvi ndizvo zvinodzora zvinhu zvatisingakwanise kudzora (sekufema, kurova kwemoyo). Chikamu cheizvi chinonzi "sympathetic nervous system." Izvi ndizvo zvinokonzeresa mhinduro yemuviri wedu "yekurwa kana kutiza" .
Fungidzira kuti uri kufamba mumugwagwa wobva wangoerekana wadzingirwa nembwa. Muviri wako unongoerekana wachinja zvikuru, handiti?
- Moyo uri kurova nekukurumidza.
- Kufema kuri kukurumidza.
- Muviri unonzwa simba guru.
Ndizvo zvinoitwa ne "system yetsinga inonzwira tsitsi". Mishonga yeBeta-agonist inomutsa zvimwe zvikamu zvesystem iyi, pasina njodzi yemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi akadaro.
- Kumapapu: Inokudza nzira dzekufema, zvichibatsira muviri kuwana okisijeni yakawanda.
- Kumwoyo: Inowedzera kurova kwemoyo uye inotumira ropa rine oxygen yakawanda kutsandanyama nekukurumidza.
- Yedundira:Inozorodza dundira, zvichiita kuti rikwanise kuchengeta weti yakawanda.
Rudzi rwemishonga inoita zvakasiyana neizvi inonzi "beta-blockers." Inovhara ma beta-receptors (magates) atakataura nezvawo. Saka beta-agonists havagone kuakurudzira.
Ndezvipi zvingakonzera migumisiro yemishonga iyi?
Kufanana nemushonga upi zvawo, vanhu vanonwa beta-agonists vanogona kukonzera migumisiro yakaipa mune vamwe vanhu. Zvisinei, kana ikashandiswa semushonga wekufema, mushonga wacho unoenda zvakananga kumapapu, saka njodzi yemigumisiro yakaipa inowanzova shoma. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanogona kusangana nezvinhu zvakaita se:
- Kuwedzera kwekurova kwemoyo (Tachycardia)
- Kurova kwemoyo kusina kurongeka (Arrhythmia)
- Kukwira kweropa (BP)
- Kudedera kwemakumbo
- Kusagadzikana kana kuzvidya mwoyo
- Kudikitira
- Musoro
- Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama
Kana ukasangana nedambudziko iri, kana kuti kana mushonga wako usingashande, taura nachiremba wako nekukasika . Anogona kugadzirisa dose yako kana kunyora mumwe mushonga.
Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?
Kana uri kushandisa beta-agonist, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba wako mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai.
- Kana ukasangana nemhedzisiro isingatarisirwi kana yakakomba.
- Kana uchifunga kuti kurapwa kwako hakuchashandi. Semuenzaniso, kana waimbokwanisa kushandisa puff imwe chete yeinhaler yako, asi ikozvino wava kuda kushandisa puff mbiri kana nhatu.
- Kana zviratidzo zvako zvichiwedzera kuipa zuva nezuva.
Kana uchinzwa kuoma kukuru kufema, kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kana miromo yebhuruu, enda kuchipatara chiri pedyo nekukurumidzira (ETU). Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri zviratidzo zvechirwere chakakomba.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Beta-agonists rudzi rwemushonga unonyanya kurapa zvirwere zvekufema zvakaita seasthma neCOPD.
- Izvi zvinoshanda nekuwedzera nzira dzekufema mumapapu uye kuita kuti kufema kuve nyore.
- Kune mhando mbiri huru: inoshanda kwenguva pfupi (SABA) uye inoshanda kwenguva refu (LABA). SABA inoshandiswa panguva dzenjodzi.
- Mushonga uyu unofanira kushandiswa nguva dzose kana wakurudzirwa nachiremba, uye kana wapihwa mushonga wacho.
- Migumisiro yakadai sekubvunda kwemaoko uye kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza kunogona kuitika, uye kana yakanyanya kuipa kana ukaona kuti kurapwa hakusi kushanda, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
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