Mwana wenyu mudiki ane dambudziko remwoyo rakadai here? Ngatidzidzei nezve Endocardial Cushion Defect!

Kana mwana wako aberekwa, unonetseka zvakanyanya nezvese zviri kuitika kwaari, handiti? Dzimwe nguva vana vadiki vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko emwoyo avanozvarwa nawo. Chimwe chakadaro, kunyangwe chiri chakaoma zvishoma, chirwere chemwoyo chakakosha kuziva chinonzi Endocardial Cushion Defect (ECD) . Zita racho ringanzwika serinotyisa zvishoma, asi usazvidya mwoyo. Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa, zvakanaka here?

Chii chinonzi Endocardial Cushion Defect ichi?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ichi chikanganiso chiri mumoyo yevana vedu vadiki, icho chinokonzerwa nekuzvarwa nacho , kureva kuti, chikanganiso chinoitika vachiri mudumbu raamai. Funga nezvemwoyo wedu seimba ine makamuri mana. Kune makamuri maviri padhoro repamusoro (ratinoti atria), uye makamuri maviri padhoro repasi (ari maventricles). Makamuri aya akaparadzaniswa nemadziro (septums). Nekuda kwemadziro aya, ropa rinoyerera zvakarongeka, nenzira imwe chete.

Uyewo, kune mavharuvhu akafanana negedhi pakati pemakamuri aya anobatsira kuti ropa rifambe nenzira imwe chete. Kunyanya, vharuvhu yetricuspid nevharuvhu yemitral, zviri pakati pemakamuri epamusoro (atria) nemakamuri epasi (mitral chambers), zvinofanira kunge zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka.

Zvisinei, mumwana ane chirwere ichi che endocardial cushion defect (ECD), zvikamu zvemoyo zvinonzi endocardial cushions - tishu huru inoumba madziro aya nemavharuvhu - hazvikure zvakanaka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, madziro anoparadzanisa makamuri emwoyo anogona kusakura zvakanaka, kana kuti anogona kunge asipo zvachose. Mavharuvhu maviri akakosha atataura (tricuspid na mitral) anogonawo kusakura zvakanaka.

Zvino fungidzira, chii chinoitika kana kupatsanurwa uku mumoyo, madziro aya, kusiri kushanda zvakanaka, uye mavharuvhu, semagedhi, asiri kushanda zvakanaka? Kurongeka kweropa rinoyerera mukati memoyo kunokanganiswa.

• Ropa rakawanda kupfuura zvakajairika rinoyerera mumapapu emwana , zvichikonzera kukwira kweropa mutsinga dzeropa dziri mukati memapapu (pulmonary high blood pressure).
• Nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya mumapapu, ropa rinotanga kuyerera nenzira isiriyo. Zvadaro , ropa rakazara neokisijeni, rakachena uye ropa rakasviba risina okisijeni rinotanga kusanganiswa .
• Mwoyo unofanirwa kushanda nesimba kuti upombe ropa nekusafamba zvakanaka kweropa uku. Zvakafanana nekukwira gomo. Nekufamba kwenguva, izvi zvinogona kuderedza tsandanyama dzemwoyo wemwana.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze endocardial cushion defect (ECD) here?

Ehe, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzechirwere ichi, zvichienderana nehukuru hwekukuvara kwacho. Vamwe vacheche vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko nemadziro ari pakati pemakamuri epamusoro emoyo (atria) chete. Vamwe vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko nemadziro ari pakati pemakamuri epasi (ventricles). Dzimwe nguva matambudziko ese ari maviri anogona kuitika pamwe chete. Uyewo, zvikanganiso zviri mumavharuvhu emitral netricuspid zvinogona kusiyana.

Dambudziko iri, rinonzi endocardial cushion defect (ECD), rinozivikanwawo se atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) kana kuti atrioventricular canal defect .

Dambudziko iri dzimwe nguva rinogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo. Semuenzaniso:

• Tetralogy yeFallot
• Vhiki rerudyi rinoburitswa kaviri
• Kuchinja kwetsinga huru dzeropa (kuchinja kwetsinga mbiri huru dzeropa munzvimbo dzisiri idzo)
• Patent ductus arteriosus
• Ventricular imwe chete (ventricle imwe chete)

Dambudziko iri rakajairika zvakadii?

Kana ukatarisa nhamba dziri munyika dzakadai seUnited States, mwana mumwe chete pavana 1,800 vanoberekwa gore rega rega anogona kunge aine chirwere ichi che endocardial cushion defect (ECD). Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vanhu vanosvika 20% vane Down syndrome vane chirwere ichi cheECD.

ECD inokanganisa sei muviri wemwana wangu?

Kana dambudziko iri reECD rikasatarisirwa nemazvo, rinogona kuwedzera kuipa uye kukonzera matambudziko akakomba.

• Kukuvara kwemapapu: Sezvatakambokurukura, kuyerera kweropa rakawanda mumapapu, kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa, uye nekufamba kwenguva, zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemapapu zvachose.
• Kurira kwemoyo kusina kujairika: Kushanda kwemagetsi kwemoyo kunokanganiswa, uye kurova kwemoyo kunogona kutadza kurongeka.
• Kukundikana kwemoyo: Kushaya simba kwemoyo uye kusakwanisa kupomba ropa rakakwana mumuviri.
• Eisenmenger syndrome: Ichi chirwere chakakomba zvikuru. Kumanikidzwa kweropa mumapapu kunowedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ropa ridzokere shure zvachose, zvichiita kuti ropa rirege kuwana oxygen yakakwana mumuviri wese.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakakomba, chirwere ichi chinogona kutoisa upenyu panjodzi .

Uyewo, kunyangwe kana dambudziko racho ragadziriswa nekuvhiyiwa, mwana wako anogona kunge ari panjodzi yekuva nechirwere chemwoyo chinonzi endocarditis . Saka, vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya vasati vavhiyiwa mazino.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi?

Dzimwe nguva, vacheche vane dambudziko remudumbu remwoyo (partial endocardial cushion defect) vangasaratidza zviratidzo kusvika vava vadiki. Zvisinei, vacheche vane dambudziko remudumbu remwoyo (complete ECD) vanogona kuva nezviratidzo mukati memavhiki mashoma ekuzvarwa. Zvakakosha kuti urambe uchitarisa zviratidzo izvi:

• Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza
• Ganda rakachenuruka kana kuti rebhuruu:Tarisa kana paine ruvara rwebhuruu, kunyanya miromo, rurimi, uye minwe. Izvi zvinonzi cyanosis.
• Kunetseka pakudya uye kuwedzera uremu: Tarisa kana mwana wako ari kushushikana, ari kudikitira mushure mekunwa mukaka, kana kuti haasi kuwedzera uremu nemazvo.
• Kushaya simba: Mwana wako anogara akarara uye asingafariri kutamba here?
• Kufema nekukurumidza kana kuoma: Tarisa kuti uone kana chipfuva chemwana chakaoma, chiri kufema nekukurumidza, kana kuti chipfuva chinopinda mukati kana achifema.
• Kutapukirwa nezvirwere: Ziva nezvezvirwere zvinowanzo itika, kunyanya zvirwere zvekufema.

Chii chinokonzera kusakwana uku kwemutsigo we endocardial?

Chikonzero chaicho che endocardial cushion defect (ECD) hachisati chazivikanwa. Zvisinei, zvakaonekwa kuti chakabatana zvakanyanya neDown syndrome . Kukanganisa uku kunoitika pakutanga kwekukura kwemwana ari mudumbu. Dambudziko guru nderekuti nyama inonzi endocardial cushion yatakataura nezvayo pakutanga haikure zvakanaka. Aya ndiwo madziro nemavharuvhu anozoparadzanisa makamuri emwoyo.

Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei chirwere ichi?

Chiremba wemwana wako achatanga aongorora mwana wako zvizere . Kana ruzha rusina kujairika (heart murmur) rukanzwika kana uchiteerera mwoyo uchishandisa stethoscope, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere ichi.

Uye zvakare, mimwe miedzo yakati wandei inogona kuitwa:

• Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Izvi zvinoedza mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo.
• Echocardiogram: Iyi ndiyo bvunzo inonyanya kukosha. Inoshandisa mafungu eruzha kutora mufananidzo wemoyo. Inokwanisa kuona zvese kubva pachimiro chemoyo, kusvika kumaburi ari mumadziro awo uye mashandiro ari kuita mavharuvhu.
• X-ray yechipfuva: Izvi zvinogona kuongorora saizi yemwoyo uye mamiriro emapapu.
• MRI yemwoyo: Dzimwe nguva bvunzo iyi inoitwa kana paine zvimwe zvinodiwa.
• Kuisa catheter mumoyo: Mukuita uku, chubhu diki (catheter) inopfuudzwa nemutsinga yeropa ichipinda mumoyo kuti ione kumanikidzwa kuri mukati memoyo uye kutora sampuro dzeropa. Izvi zvingadikanwa usati wavhiyiwa.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuramba uchiona chiremba wako panguva yekuzvitakura kwako uye kuongororwa neultrasound.Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Dzimwe nguva, ECD inogona kuonekwa mwana asati aberekwa, kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwemwana achiri mudumbu (fetal echocardiogram). Kana izvi zvikazivikanwa nekukurumidza, zvinokwanisika kuronga kuti kurapwa kunofanira kutanga mwana achangoberekwa.

Izvi zvinorapwa sei?

Mushonga mukuru uye wakanakisa wechirwere ichi che endocardial cushion (ECD) kuvhiyiwa. Zvisinei, kusvika kuvhiyiwa kwaitwa, mimwe mishonga inogona kupihwa kubatsira mwana kuti awane simba uye awedzere huremu. Semuenzaniso, mishonga inobvisa mvura mumuviri (inonziwo 'mapiritsi emvura') inoderedza mvura yakawandisa mumuviri uye digoxin (Cardoxin® kana Lanoxin®) inobatsira kuvandudza mashandiro emoyo kusvika pamwero wakati.

Chii chinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa?

Panguva yekuvhiyiwa, vanachiremba vemwoyo vanovhara maburi ari kukonzera kuti ropa ribude pakati pemakamuri emwoyo. Vanoshandisa chigamba chakakosha kuita izvi. Uyewo, kana mwana aine vharuvhu imwe chete, vanogadzira mavharuvhu maviri akasiyana emitral netricuspid kubva mairi. Dzimwe nguva, kana vharuvhu yemitral yemwana ikabuda, inogonawo kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa kana zvichidikanwa.

Kuvhiyiwa uku kunogona kuitwa pamwana ane mwedzi iri pakati pe3 ne6 . Zvisinei, kana mwana wako aine dambudziko guru re endocardial cushion, zvakakosha kuti avhiyiwe mwana asati asvitsa gore rimwe chete . Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekudzivirira kukuvara zvachose kwemapapu.

Dzimwe nguva mwana anogona kunge achirwara zvakanyanya kana kuti asina huremu hwakakwana zvekuti haakwanise kuvhiyiwa zvizere. Kana zvakadaro, vanachiremba vanotanga vaita imwe oparesheni iri nyore kuderedza huwandu hweropa rinoenda kumapapu emwana. Izvi zvinonzi pulmonary artery banding . Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kudzora zviratidzo kusvika mwana asimba uye awedzera huremu. Zvadaro, panguva yakakodzera, kugadziriswa kwakazara kunogona kuitwa.

Pane matambudziko aripo here pakurapwa?

Sekunge kune chero kuvhiyiwa kupi zvako, kune mamwe matambudziko anogona kuitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa kweECD. Zvisinei, kazhinji, izvi zvinogona kugadziriswa.

• Vharuvhu yemitral inodonha: Dzimwe nguva mushure mekuvhiyiwa, vharuvhu yemitral inogona kusavhara zvakanaka uye ropa rinogona kubuda richidzokera kumashure.
• Kurongeka kwemoyo kusina kujairika: Kunogona kuitika zvimwe zvinhu zvisina kumira zvakanaka pakurova kwemoyo.

Matambudziko aya anogona dzimwe nguva kumuka kana mwana akura zvishoma, kunyangwe achiri mudiki. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti agare achiongororwa nachiremba.

Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anogona kudzivirirwa here?

Sezvo chikonzero chaicho cheECD chisingazivikanwi, zvakaoma kutaura kuti tingachidzivirira sei zvachose. Zvisinei, kana mumwe munhu mumhuri mako akambova nedambudziko remwoyo rakadai (ECD) kana mamwe matambudziko emumajini, zvingave zvakanaka kuti uwane mazano ezvemajini usati wabata pamuviri.

Kana mwana wangu aine ECD, chii chandinofanira kutarisira?

Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo mukuru unobvunzwa nevabereki vazhinji. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti ECD igadziriswe , vacheche vazhinji vanoenderera mberi nekurarama hupenyu hwakanaka uye hwakajairika. Zvisinei, hutano hwemangwana hwemwana hunoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekuoma kweECD yake, kana mapapu ake akakuvara, uye hutano hwake hwese.

Zvichienderana nehuwandu, mukana wekurarama mugore rekutanga mushure mekuvhiyiwa ungangoita 80%. Mukana wekurarama kwemakore gumi anotevera ungangoita 75%, uye mukana wekurarama kwemakore makumi maviri ungangoita 65%.

Kunyangwe mushure mekuvhiyiwa, vamwe vana vanogona kuzova nematambudziko gare gare. Dambudziko rinowanzoitika nderekuti valvu yemitral haivharike zvakanaka uye ropa rinobuda. Kana izvi zvikaitika, kuvhiyiwa kumwe kunogona kuitwa kuti kugadziriswe .

Kugara kwenguva yakareba sei muECD?

Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Kukanganisika kwemutsigo weropa (ECD) hakusi chirwere chinopora chega. Dambudziko richaramba riripo kusvika chiremba wemwoyo aita oparesheni yekugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Pasina kuvhiyiwa, vacheche vazhinji havazorarami makore anopfuura maviri kana matatu ekuberekwa. Ndosaka kuvhiyiwa nenguva kuchikosha.

Ndingatarisira sei mwana wangu?

Mushure mekunge mwana wako aonekwa kuti ane ECD, uye kunyangwe mushure mekuvhiyiwa, mwana wako achafanirwa kuongororwa nachiremba wemwoyo nguva nenguva. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuitwa kamwe chete kana kaviri pagore. Kuongororwa uku kucharamba kuripo muhudiki hwemwana wako kusvika akura. Izvi zvinobvumira chiremba kutarisa mamiriro emwana wako, kuona kana paine matambudziko nechigamba kana vharuvhu, zvakaita sekubuda kwemvura, uye kupindira nekukurumidza kana zvichidikanwa.

Ndinofanira kuenda nemwana wangu kuna chiremba riini?

Kana mwana wako akaratidza chimwe chezviratidzo zvinotevera, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika:

• Kuomerwa nekufema
• Kuneta pasina kushanda nesimba mushure mekumhanya nekutamba kwenguva yakati
• Kusakura kana kuwedzera huremu sezvaitarisirwa
• Kuva neganda rebhuruu

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba wangu?

Zvakakosha kubvisa kusava nechokwadi kwaungave nako. Usatya kubvunza chiremba wako mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:

• "Chiremba, mwana wangu ane dambudziko remudumbu remwoyo here kana kuti chikamu charo?"
• "Chiremba anokurudzira chirongwa chipi chekurapa chirwere chemwana wangu?"
• "Chiremba, mavhiyiro mangani eECD awakamboita akadai?"
• "Ndezvipi zvinhu zvakakosha zvandinofanira kutarisira mushure mekuvhiyiwa?"

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Ungave usina kumbobvira warota nezvekuvhiyiwa kwemwana wako mudiki. Zvisinei, kuvhiyiwa ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa uye inoshanda yekugadzirisa dambudziko re endocardial cushion (ECD). Dambudziko iri harizoperi roga. Saka, kana paine chausinganzwisisi, bvunza chiremba wako kuti akutsanangurire.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti hausi wega. Vanachiremba, vanamukoti, nechikwata chose chehutano varipo kuti vakubatsire uye vakusimbise parwendo urwu. Kunyangwe mushure mekuvhiyiwa, usapotsa makiriniki emwana wako uye tevera mirairo yachiremba sezvakarairwa. Nenzira iyi, iwe nemwana wako muchakwanisa kuona chero matambudziko angamuka mune ramangwana uye kugadzirisa matambudziko acho zvinobudirira. Ramba wakasimba!

` Endocardial Cushion Defect, AVSD, chirwere chemwoyo, zvikanganiso zvekuzvarwa nazvo, chirwere chemwoyo chevana, kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo, Down syndrome, chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho, cardiology yevana