Uri munhu anoona mitambo yemhosva paTV here? Kana kuti uri munhu anofunga kuti, "Chii chakanyatsoitika kurufu urwu?" paunoona nyaya yenhau pamusoro perufu rusinganzwisisike mupepanhau? Dzimwe nguva dzakadai, izwi rimwe chete ratinowanzo kunzwa nderokuti "Forensic Pathologist." Asi vazhinji vedu hatizivi kuti nyanzvi iyi yezvekurapa ndeye ani uye basa ravo nderei. Saka nhasi, ngatitaurei nezvebazi iri rezvekurapa rinokosha zvikuru.
Ndiani uyu 'nyanzvi yezvekuferefeta'?
Muchidimbu, nyanzvi yezvekufa kwemunhu chiremba anoita ongororo yezvekurapa pamusoro perufu rusingatarisirwi, rusingafungidzirwe, rusina kujairika, kana rwechisimba. Ndivo vanotsvaga chikonzero cherufu, mafiro arwo, uye humbowo hwezvekurapa hune chekuita narwo.
Vanoita basa iri zvikuru nekuita bvunzo yemuviri mushure mekufa, kana kuti kuongorora chitunha . Kureva, kuongororwa kwemuviri wemunhu akafa. Basa ravo rine chekuita nekurapa pamwe nemutemo.
"Pathology" ibazi rezvekurapa rinoongorora sampuli dzenyama yemuviri murabhoritari kuti riongorore zvirwere kana kuti riongorore nyaya dzemhosva. Izwi rekuti "forensic" rinoreva "zvine chekuita nenzira yesainzi yekugadzirisa mhosva." Asi pasinei nezita iri, havasi vese vanofa vanoongororwa navanachiremba veforensic vanenge vari mhosva. Dzimwe nguva inogona kunge iri tsaona kana chirwere chisina kuzivikanwa.
Ndedzipi nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi dzevanachiremba ava?
Nyanzvi yezvekurapa inonzi forensic pathologist munhu akawana kudzidziswa kwakakosha kunopfuura kure kwechiremba wenguva dzose. Ruzivo rwavo runosanganisira mativi akati wandei. Ngationei kuti idzodzo chii.
| Munda Wakakosha | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Chepfu | Iyi ndiyo sainzi inodzidza chepfu, kuti dzinokanganisa sei muviri, uye kuti dzinozivikanwa sei. Semuenzaniso, kufa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita secarbon monoxide chepfu, kurumwa nenyoka kana zvipembenene, uye kunwa mishonga yakawanda yeopioid kana doro zvinoongororwa kuburikidza neizvi. MuSri Lanka, kufa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita semakemikari ekurima kunowanikwawo muchikamu ichi. Kana mumwe munhu achifungidzira kuti kune chepfu, tsvaga ruzivo nezvazvo.Unogona kufonera National Poison Information Center kuNational Hospital. |
| Sainzi yezvombo nepfuti (Ballistics) | Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza mafambiro ezvipfuti zvakaita semabara uye mhedzisiro yazvinokonzeresa. Kana munhu akafa nekuda kweronda rekupfurwa, ruzivo urwu rwakakosha kuti tizive kuti bara racho rakapinda sei mumuviri uye kuti rakakonzera kukuvara kupi. |
| Uchapupu hwekutevera | Izvi zvinhu zvidiki-diki zvinosara kana vanhu vaviri kana zvinhu zvikaroverana. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakaita sehembe, mvura yemuviri, upfu hwepfuti, bvudzi, zvigunwe. Kunyangwe izvi zvisingaonekwe nemaziso, zvinogona kuva humbowo hwakakosha hwekuziva chikonzero cherufu. |
| Serology | Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidza ropa nezvimwe zvinwiwa zvemuviri. Masayendisiti ekuongorora mafambiro eropa anoongorora sampuli idzi pasi pemaikorosikopu kana kushandisa michina yakasiyana-siyana kuti adziedze. Izvi zvinogona kuratidza zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita serudzi rweropa remufi uye kana aive nezvirwere. |
| Tekinoroji yeDNA | DNA ndiyo ruzivo rwemajini edu. Masayendisiti ekuongorora majekiseni anoshandisa tekinoroji iyi. Semuenzaniso, vanoishandisa kuenzanisa muenzaniso weDNA wakawanikwa panzvimbo yemhosva neDNA yemunhu anofungidzirwa, kana kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwemuviri usina kuzivikanwa. |
Chii chaizvo chinoitwa nenyanzvi yezvekurapa chirwere chepfungwa?
Basa guru remuongorori wemhosva nderekuona mashandiro, nguva, uye rudzi rwerufu kana rufu rukaitika rusingatarisirwi kana rwechisimba. Rudzi rwerufu rwacho nderwekuti rufu rwacho rwaive rwekuponda, kuzviuraya, netsaona, rwechisikigo, kana kuti rusingazivikanwe.
Kuti awane zvinhu izvi, nyanzvi yezvekuongorora mafambiro enyaya dzezvekufa inotevedzera matanho aya:
- Kusimbisa hunhu hwemufi: Danho rekutanga nderekusimbisa hunhu hwemufi. Ruzivo rwakakosha runounganidzwa.
- Kudzidza nhoroondo yezvekurapa kwemufi: Tinoongorora zvirwere zvemufi uye mishonga yake yekare, sezvo izvi zvingatipa ruzivo rwezvakakonzera rufu.
- Kuongororwa kweuchapupu hwenzvimbo yemhosva: Kana rufu ruchifungidzirwa kuti imhosva, tinoshanda nemapurisa kuti tiongorore hukama huripo pakati peuchapupu huri panzvimbo yemhosva nerufu rwacho.
- Kuongorora chitunha: Iri ndiro basa ravo guru. Vanonyatsoongorora muviri, kunze nemukati, kuti vaone kana paine kukuvara kana chirwere chipi zvacho. Vanonyora zvese zvavanowana, sezvo izvi zvichigona kuva humbowo hunokosha mudare redzimhosva.
- Kuunganidza nekuongorora humbowo hwezvekuferefeta: Humbowo hwakakosha, hwakadai sebvudzi, zvidimbu zveshinda, nezvinhu zvidiki zvinowanikwa pasi peganda, hunounganidzwa uye hunoongororwa murabhoritari.
Kana kuferefeta uku kwese kwapera, muongorori wemhosva achagadzira mushumo wakazara wakanyorwa unotsanangura chikonzero, nguva, uye rudzi rwerufu rwacho. Kana zvichidikanwa, vangatofanirawo kupupura sechapupu chenyanzvi mudare nezvenyaya idzi.
Kuwedzera pakuongororwa kwezvitunha, nyanzvi dzezvekufa dzimwe nguva dzinoita basa rekuongorora vanhu vapenyu vakashungurudzwa pabonde kana kushungurudzwa panyama.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peForensic Pathologist, Coroner uye Medical Examiner?
Kunyangwe takanzwa mazita ese matatu aya, pane musiyano mudiki. Mukushandiswa kwemazita aya muSri Lanka, anogona kushandiswa zvakasiyana.
- Nyanzvi yezvekurapa: Iyi ndiyo nyanzvi yezvekurapa yataive tichitaura nezvayo. Iyi idhigirii rezvekurapa nekudzidziswa kunowanikwa nachiremba.
- Muongorori wezvekurapa: Iri rinowanzova zita rebasa remuongorori wezvekurapa anoshanda mubazi rehurumende (semuenzaniso, Hofisi yeMukuru wezvekurapa weJudicial Medical Office - JMO office). Izvi zvinoreva kuti mumwe munhu anogona kuva Muongorori wezvekurapa weForensic uye Muongorori wezvekurapa panguva imwe chete.
- Muchengeti wemhosva: Uyu mushandi wehurumende akagadzwa kana kusarudzwa. Basa guru nderekusimbisa chikonzero cherufu. Munyika zhinji, Muchengeti wemhosva haasi chiremba. Saka, vanoshanda pamwe chete nenyanzvi yezvemhosva. MuSri Lanka, vachengeti vemhosva ndivo vanoita basa iri.
Unova sei nyanzvi yezvekuferefeta?
Rwendo urwu rwakareba uye rwakazvipira. Kuti uve nyanzvi yezvekuferefeta, unofanirwa kupasa matanho aya edzidzo:
1. Advanced Level: Kutanga, unofanirwa kukodzera kupinda mubazi rezvekurapa reyunivhesiti.
2. Dhigirii rezvekurapa: Unofanira kudzidza kuchikoro chezvekurapa kwemakore mashanu kusvika matanhatu uye kuwana dhigirii rezvekurapa seMBBS.
3. Kudzidzira basa:Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, unofanirwa kupedzisa internship yegore rimwe chete.
4. Kudzidziswa kwePostgraduate: Mushure meizvozvo, unofanirwa kudzidzira postgraduate kuti uwane ruzivo mune zvePathology.
5. Kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi: Mushure mekudzidziswa ikoko, unofanirwa kuwana rumwe ruzivo rwakakosha pasi pechikamu chidiki cheForensic Pathology.
Nezvose izvi, zvinowanzotora makore angangoita 12-14 kuti uve nyanzvi yekuongorora mafambiro emhosva. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti zvinoda kuzvipira kwakadini kuita izvi.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Nyanzvi yezvekufa kwemunhu (forensic pathologist) chiremba anoita bvunzo dzezvekurapa dzerufu runofungidzirwa, rusingatarisirwi, kana rwechisimba.
- Basa ravo guru nderekuongorora chitunha kuti vaone chikonzero, maitiro, nenguva yerufu.
- Haisi rufu rwese rwavanoferefeta runofanira kunge rwuri mhosva; runogonawo kunge rwunokonzerwa netsaona kana zvikonzero zvechisikigo.
- Kuva nyanzvi munyaya iyi kunoda makore akawanda ekudzidziswa kwakakosha pamwe nedhigirii rezvekurapa.
- Zvavakawana zvakakosha zvikuru mukuchengetedza mutemo uye kupa ruramisiro.
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