Une chikosoro chisingapere mumazuva mashoma here, kana zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwemunzira yeweti zvinonetsa? Pamwe pawakaenda kuna chiremba, akakunyorera bvunzo inonzi 'Gram Stain'. Zita iri rinogona kunzwika serisinganzwisisike kwauri. Asi iyi bvunzo inokosha zvikuru, inokurumidza inoshandiswa kuona hutachiona mumuviri wedu. Saka, ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa.
Chii chinonzi Gram Stain?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Gram stain bvunzo inoitirwa murabhoritari. Inonyanya kutsvaga mabhakitiriya ari mumuviri wako ane hutachiona. Fungidzira uine ronda riri kubuda ropa. Zvadaro sampuli diki kubva paronda iroro inogona kutumirwa kuti iongororwe.
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvebvunzo iyi ndechekuti mhedzisiro inowanikwa nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinoita kuti chiremba akurumidze kuona kana une hutachiona hwebhakitiriya, uye kana zvakadaro, rudzii rwacho. Izvi zvinobatsira chiremba kuti azive mushonga wekukupa.
Haasi mabhakitiriya ese ari mumuviri medu akaipa. Mamwe mabhakitiriya akanaka anotibatsira. Asi mamwe marudzi emabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere nehutachiona. Kuongororwa kweGram Stain kunotibatsira kuona mabhakitiriya anokuvadza anokonzera zvirwere izvozvo.
Nyaya iyi ndeyei nezveGram-positive neGram-negative?
Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha chebvunzo yeGram stain. Funga nezvemabhakitiriya sezvipenyu zvidiki zvinopfeka mbatya dzakasiyana. Bvunzo yeGram stain inosanganisira kuisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemavara akakosha kumabhakitiriya. Zvadaro, zvichienderana nekusiyana kuri mumadziro esero ebhakitiriya, anopatsanurwa kuita mavara maviri.
1. Mabhakitiriya ane Gram-positive: Madziro emasero avo akagadzirwa nechinhu chakakora chinonzi ``Peptidoglycan.'' Ndokusaka vachichinja ruvara rwepepuru-bhuruu kana vakapendwa.
2. Mabhakitiriya ane giramu-negative: Aya ane madziro matete emasero, saka anoshanduka kuita ruvara rwepinki-tsvuku kana akapendwa.
Chinhu chakakosha kurangarira pano ndechekuti 'zvakanaka' uye 'zvakaipa' hazvirevi 'zvakanaka' uye 'zvakaipa'. Izvi zvinongova kupatsanurwa zvichienderana neruvara rwebhakitiriya.
Iye zvino ngatitarisei mhando huru dzemabhakitiriya ari mumapoka maviri aya nezvirwere zvaanokonzera.
| Mabhakitiriya ane Gram-positive nezvirwere zvine chekuita nazvo | |
|---|---|
| Rudzi rwebhakitiriya | Zvirwere zvinogona kuitika |
| Mhando dzeStaphylococcus | Utachiona hweganda, pneumonia, chepfu yechikafu, hutachiona hweMRSA |
| Mhando dzeStreptococcus | Utachiona hwehuro (Strep throat), pneumonia, meningitis |
| Mhando dzeListeria | Chepfu yechikafu |
| Mhando dzeClostridium | Chepfu yechikafu, botulism, tetanus |
| Mabhakitiriya eGram-negative nezvirwere zvine chekuita nazvo | |
|---|---|
| Rudzi rwebhakitiriya | Zvirwere zvinogona kuitika |
| Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Utachiona hwemunzira yeweti (UTIs), chepfu yechikafu |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea (chirwere chinotapuriranwa pabonde) |
| Mhando dzeSalmonella | Kurwara nechikafu, fivha yetyphoid |
| Mhando dzeKlebsiella | Manyoka, utachiona hweropa, utachiona hwemaronda |
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peGram stain nebacteria culture?
Chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti uedze bvunzo idzi dzese pamwe chete, asi ruzivo rwavanopa rwakasiyana.
- Gram Stain: Iyi yakafanana nemufananidzo wepakarepo. Inokurumidza kupa pfungwa yekuti mabhakitiriya aripo here, kana aripo, kuti ane Gram-positive here kana kuti Gram-negative, uye kuti chimiro chawo chakaita sei (chakaita sedenderedzwa kana kuti chakaita setsvimbo).
- Kukura kweMabhakitiriya: Izvi zvinosanganisira kukura mabhakitiriya ari musampuli yako nenzira yakakosha murabhoritari. Zvakafanana nekukura chirimwa. Izvi zvinogona kutora mazuva mashoma. Kana mabhakitiriya akura zvakanaka, unogona kuaona woona kuti ndeapi maantibiotic anoshanda zvakanaka kwavari.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Gram stain inopa gwara rinokurumidza, nepo bhakitiriya richipa humbowo hwakajeka .
Kuongororwa kweGram Stain kunoitwa sei?
Maitiro aya anogona kukamurwa kuita matanho makuru matatu.
1. Kuunganidza sampuro
Nzira yekutora sampuro inosiyana zvichienderana nekuti unofungidzira kuti une hutachiona kupi.
- Nechinongedzo: Muenzaniso unogona kutorwa munzvimbo dzakadai sepahuro, mhino, maronda eganda, uye nzvimbo dzepabonde uchishandisa chinongedzo chedonje.
- Kuunganidza zvinobuda: Unogona kuunganidza zvinhu zvakaita semadzihwa, weti, uye tsvina mumudziyo wakachena.
- Kusveta netsono: Nzira iyi inoshandiswa kubvisa mvura mumuviri, semuenzaniso, kubva mumajoini, mapapu, kana kutenderedza moyo.
2. Chii chinoitika murabhoritari
Kana sampuro yako yasvika murabhoritari, nyanzvi yezvekurapa ichaiisa mugirazi. Zvadaro, vachaisa madhayi mana akakosha, akambotaurwa nezvawo, pairi voisuka.
3. Kutarisa nepamaikorosikopu
Pakupedzisira, slide iyi yakagadzirwa inoongororwa nemaikorosikopu. Apa ndipo patinoona kana mabhakitiriya aripo, ruvara rwawo (pepuru/bhuruu kana pingi/tsvuku), chimiro chawo (chakaita denderedzwa (cocci) kana kuti chakaita setsvimbo (bacilli)), uye kuti anounganidzwa sei pamwe chete (ari ega, ari maviri, kana kuti ari mumapoka).
Mushumo wekuferefeta unoti chii?
Panogona kunge paine mhedzisiro huru mbiri mumushumo wako webvunzo.
- Gram stain isina kunaka (Hapana chinhu chipenyu chakaonekwa): Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana mabhakitiriya akaonekwa paslide. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva izvi zvinogona kuitika kana paine mabhakitiriya mashoma. Saka ungangofanira kumirira mushumo wekukura kwezvirimwa.
- Dopa rakanaka reGram: Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhakitiriya aivepo musampuli yako. Mushumo wacho unogona kusanganisira zvinhu zvakaita seizvi:
- Rudzi rwebhakitiriya: Gram-positive kana Gram-negative?
- Chimiro chebhakitiriya: `cocci` (yakatenderera) kana `bacilli` (tsvimbo)?
- Mamwe masero: Zvinogonawo kucherechedzwa kana mamwe masero aripo, akadai semasero machena eropa (chiratidzo chehutachiona).
Nekuunganidza ruzivo urwu rwese uye kuenzanisa nezviratidzo zvako, chiremba achatanga kurapwa kwakanakisisa kwauri.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Gram Stain inzira inokurumidza uye iri nyore yekuongorora hutachiona hwebhakitiriya.
- Izvi zvinoparadzanisa mabhakitiriya kuita mapoka maviri makuru (Gram-positive - yepepuru/yebhuruu uye Gram-negative - yepingi/tsvuku).
- Ruzivo urwu ruchabatsira zvikuru chiremba wako kutanga kurapwa kwakakodzera nekukurumidza sezvinobvira .
- Kuti pave nekuongorora kwakanyatsojeka, bvunzo yeGram stain inowanzoitwa pamwe chete nebvunzo yekuongorora bhakitiriya .
- Kana uine zvinokunetsa nezvemhedzisiro yebvunzo dzako, usatya kuzvitaura pachena nachiremba wako .
💬 Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.
Add Your Comment