Pamwe wakambonzwa izwi rekuti 'cholesterol' kakawanda, handiti? Asi kana chiremba wako akati 'hyperlipidemia', ungangovhiringidzika zvishoma. Usazvidya mwoyo, mazwi maviri aya anoreva chinhu chimwe chete. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinoreva kuti ropa rako rine mafuta akawanda, kana kuti 'lipids' sezvatinoadaidza. Ichi chirwere chinowanzoitika pakati pevanhu vazhinji munyika medu.
Ndeapi marudzi ema lipids ari muropa?
Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emafuta, kana kuti mafuta, muropa redu. Fungidzira kuti ropa redu rakaita semugwagwa. Kune mota dzakanaka nemotokari dzakaipa mumugwagwa uyu.
- Cholesterol yeHDL: Iyi ndiyo "cholesterol yakanaka." Yakafanana nemotokari yemarara. Inotora cholesterol isingadiwe inenge yakaungana mutsinga dzeropa rako yoiendesa kuchiropa. Chiropa chinobvisa cholesterol iyoyo isingadiwe mumuviri wako. Saka kuva neHDL yakawanda kwakanakira muviri wako.
- Cholesterol yeLDL: Iyi ndiyo yatinodaidza kuti "cholesterol yakaipa." Zvakafanana nemota inosiya marara kwese kwese mumugwagwa. Cholesterol iyi yeLDL inonamira pamadziro etsinga dzedu dzeropa. Nekufamba kwenguva, idzi dzinoungana uye dzinotanga kuvhara mukati metsinga dzeropa. Izvi zvinogadzira nzira yezvirwere zvikuru zvakaita sechirwere chemwoyo nesitiroko.
- MaTriglycerides: Iri imhando imwe yemafuta ari muropa redu. Anonyanya kugadzirwa nezvikafu zvine mafuta neshuga zvatinodya. Zvakawandisa zvezvi hazvina kunaka kumuviri.
- VLDL cholesterol: Kufanana neLDL, iyi inoonekwa semhando ye "cholesterol" yakaipa. Kana izvi zvikawedzerwa, njodzi yezvirwere zvemwoyo inowedzera.
Sei tichiwana hyperlipidemia? Ndezvipi zvinokonzera?
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi. Zvimwe zvinhu zvatinogona kudzora, asi zvimwe zvinhu zvatisingakwanise.
| Rudzi rwechikonzero | Mienzaniso |
|---|---|
| Kudya | Zvikafu zvine mafuta akawandisa uye mafuta e trans. Mienzaniso: chizi, zai, chikafu chakakangwa, chikafu chakagadziriswa, ice cream, zvigadzirwa zvebhekari, nyama tsvuku (nyama yemombe, nyama yenguruve). |
| Mararamiro | Kusvuta, kunwa doro zvakanyanya, kufuta zvakanyanya, kusaita maekisesaizi, uye kushushikana zvakanyanya. |
| Zvimwe zvirwere | Zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere cheitsvo, chirwere chechiropa, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uye lupus. |
| Mimwe mishonga | Mimwe mishonga yekurapa chirwere cheBP (steroid), mimwe mishonga yekudzivirira chirwere cheBP (Beta-blockers, Diuretics), mapiritsi ekudzivirira pamuviri, mimwe mishonga yeHIV. |
| Zvikonzero zvemajini zvinobva kuzvizvarwa nezvizvarwa | Vamwe vanhu vanogara nhaka chirwere ichi kubva kuvabereki vavo. Izvi zvinonzi 'Familial Hyperlipidemia'. Vanhu ava vane cholesterol yakakwira zvikuru vachiri vadiki uye vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo. |
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve hyperlipidemia?
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha uye chinotyisa pano ndeichi: Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere ichi havaratidzi zviratidzo pakutanga.
Kazhinji, chirwere ichi hachikonzeri zviratidzo pakutanga. Ndosaka chingave se "muurayi akanyarara." Kuongororwa kweropa chete ndiko kunogona kuzviratidza zvechokwadi.
Asi matambudziko anotanga kumuka kana mafuta akaungana mutsinga dzeropa odzivhara, zvichiita kuti dzisarapwe kwenguva yakareba. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se:
- Chirwere chemwoyo (CAD): Mitsipa yeropa inoendesa ropa kumoyo inova midiki nekuda kwemafuta akawanda. Izvi zvinotadzisa mwoyo kuwana okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri zvainoda. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa muchipfuva (angina) kana kurwara nemoyo.
- Kurwara neMwoyo: Mapundu ane mafuta akaungana mutsinga dzeropa anogona kungoerekana aputika oita ganda reropa. Kana ropa iri rikadzivira kufamba kweropa zvachose kuenda kuchikamu chemwoyo, chirwere chemwoyo. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa kwakanyanya muchipfuva, kurwadziwa kunosvika pashaya, papfudzi, kana paruoko, kudikitira, uye kuoma kufema. Kana ukaona zviratidzo izvi, unofanira kuenda kuchipatara nekukurumidza.
- Kurohwa: Kufanana nechirwere chemwoyo, kurohwa kunoitika kana ropa rakagwamba robva ravharika rovhara tsinga dzinoendesa ropa kuuropi. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira musoro wakakomba, kuoma kutaura, kushaya simba kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri, uye kurasikirwa nekuona. Izvi zvakare idambudziko rehutano.
- Mafuta anoungana paganda: Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa kana paine cholesterol yakawanda mumhuri. Zvinogona kuonekwa semapundu eyero pedyo nemaziso (xanthelasmas) kana mapundu pamagokora, mabvi, nemaoko (xanthomas).
Unoona sei izvi?
Nzira chete yekuziva kana uine hyperlipidemia ndeyekuongororwa ropa . Izvi zvinonzi 'Lipid Profile' kana kuti 'Lipid Panel'. Kuongororwa uku kunowanzoitwa mushure mekunge watsanya kwemaawa 9-12.
Chiremba wako achafunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sezera rako, zvimwe zvirwere, uye nhoroondo yezveutano hwemhuri yako kuti aone kana huwandu hwecholesterol yako huri panjodzi.
| Bvunzo | Hutano hwakanaka (mg/dL) | Njodzi (mg/dL) |
|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol Yese | Zvisingasviki mazana maviri | 240 kana kupfuura |
| LDL ("yakaipa") Cholesterol | Pasi pe100 (pasi pe70 kune avo vari panjodzi yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo) | 160 kana kupfuura |
| HDL ("yakanaka") Cholesterol | Murume: Anopfuura makore makumi mana Mukadzi: Anopfuura makore makumi mashanu (anopfuura makumi matanhatu ndiwo akakodzera) | Murume: Ari pasi pemakore makumi mana Mukadzi: Ari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu |
| Triglycerides | Vari pasi pemakore 150 | 200 kana kupfuura |
Tingadzora sei mamiriro ezvinhu aya?
Pane zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvekudzora izvi. Chimwe ndechekuchinja mararamiro edu. Chimwe ndechekutora mishonga sezvakarairwa nachiremba, kana zvichidikanwa.
1. Kuchinja Kwemararamiro
Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvaunogona kuita wega. Izvi ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakurapwa.
- Kudya kwakanaka: Deredza chikafu chine mafuta akawandisa uye mafuta e trans. Deredza kushandiswa kwemafuta ekokonati nemafuta emuchindwe. Deredza chikafu chakakangwa, nyama tsvuku, chizi, bota, makeke, nemabhisikiti. Pane kudaro, idya chikafu chine fiber yakawanda. Oats, mupunga webrown, zviyo zvese, miriwo, michero, nyemba, nyemba, nyemba, uye nyemba zvese zvakanaka.
- Idya hove: Kudya hove dzine mafuta akadai sesalmon, tuna, mackerel, uye sardines kwemazuva maviri pasvondo kunogona kubatsira kuderedza triglycerides.
- Kurovedza muviri: Ita maekisesaizi kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pazuva, akadai sekufamba nekukurumidza, kuchovha bhasikoro, kana kushambira. Kana zvichikuomera kuzviita zvese panguva imwe chete, zvikamura kuita zvikamu zvemaminitsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu wozviita kakawanda pazuva.
- Rega kusvuta uye kunwa doro: Kurega kusvuta kunowedzera cholesterol yako yakanaka (HDL). Zvakakoshawo kurega zvachose kana kuderedza zvakanyanya kunwa doro.
- Dzora huremu hwako: Kana wakafuta, kuderedza huremu kunobatsira zvikuru mukuderedza cholesterol.
- Dzora kushushikana: Ramba uine hutano hwepfungwa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakaita sekufungisisa uye yoga.
2. Mishonga yakapihwa nachiremba
Dzimwe nguva, kunyange kuchinja mararamiro ako kungasave kwakakwana kudzora huwandu hwecholesterol mumuviri wako. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, chiremba wako anokupa mishonga.
- MaStatins: Iyi ndiyo mhando yemishonga inonyanya kushandiswa kuderedza cholesterol. Inoshanda nekuderedza kugadzirwa kwecholesterol muchiropa.
- Mimwe mishonga: Pamusoro pemishonga yestatin, kune mimwe mishonga yakaita seEzetimibe, Fibrates, uye PCSK9 inhibitors. Chiremba wako ndiye achasarudza kuti ndeipi mishonga yakakunakira.
Zvakakosha: Inwa mushonga sezvawakarairwa nachiremba wako, kwenguva yakatarwa. Usamborega kutora mushonga wako kana kushandura muyero usina kubvunza chiremba wako.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Hyperlipidemia ihuwandu hwakakwira hwemafuta muropa rako, kunyanya cholesterol "yakaipa" (LDL) uye triglycerides.
- Kazhinji, hapana zviratidzo zvinoonekwa pakutanga, saka zvakakosha kugara uchiongororwa nachiremba.
- Dambudziko iri rinogona kuongororwa zviri nyore nekuongororwa kweropa (Lipid Profile).
- Kuchinja mararamiro, zvakaita sekudya zvakanaka, kurovedza muviri, uye kurega kusvuta, ndiwo matanho ekutanga uye akakosha ekurapwa.
- Dzimwe nguva, pamusoro pekuchinja mararamiro, ungangoda kutora mishonga yakanyorerwa nachiremba.
- Kudzora huwandu hwemafuta muropa rako kunogona kukubatsira kukudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita sechirwere chemwoyo nesitiroko. Gara uchitaura nachiremba wako nezveizvi.
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