Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda nezve lipoproteins, dzinoumbwa nemafuta nemapuroteni.

Wakambozvibvunza here kuti mafuta ari mumiviri yedu (anonziwo mafuta patinotaura) anofamba sei kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe? MaLipoprotein zvinhu zvakakosha zvinobatsira neizvi. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, akafanana netumotokari tudiki tunotakura zvinhu zvakaita semafuta necholesterol mumiviri yedu kuenda kwazvinoda kuburikidza neropa. Anofamba nemutsinga dzedu dzeropa. Mamwe maLipoprotein anobatsira zvikuru pamoyo yedu, asi mamwe anogona kukonzera matambudziko. Saka, ngatitaurei nezvemaLipoprotein aya nenzira iri nyore uye yakatwasuka, kungofanana nezvimwe zvese.

Chii chaizvo chinonzi cholesterol ne triglycerides?

Tisati tataura nezve lipoproteins, ngatinzwisisei zvishoma nezvemashoko maviri aya: cholesterol ne triglycerides. Ose ari maviri mafuta akaita se wakisi anowanikwa muropa redu. Asi maitiro emuviri wedu ekugadzira nekushandisa akasiyana zvishoma.

• Cholesterol: Kazhinji, cholesterol inogadzirwa muchiropa chedu. Tinowanawo cholesterol kubva mune zvimwe zvekudya zvatinodya, kunyanya mafuta emhuka, nyama, hove, uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. Cholesterol iyi haisi yakaipa chete kumuviri wedu. Cholesterol iyi inobatsira mukugadzira vhitamini D, uye mahormone akakosha senge estrogen, testosterone, uye cortisol . Kwete izvozvo chete, zvakare inokosha pakugadzira masero mutsinga dzedu.

• MaTriglycerides: Aya anogadzirwa nechiropa neura hwedu mudumbu redu. Patinodya chikafu chine mafuta akawanda, miviri yedu inogadzira matriglycerides akawanda. Matriglycerides anowedzera atinogadzira anochengetwa mumasero edu emafuta. Gare gare, kana muviri uchida simba, matriglycerides aya anoburitswa muropa.

Iye zvino pamwe wava kunzwisisa kuti cholesterol ne triglycerides chii uye kuti zvakakosha sei kumuviri wedu. Zvisinei, dambudziko nderekuti kana zvanyanya kukwira.

Ndeapi marudzi ema lipoprotein aripo?

Kune mhando huru shanu dzema lipoproteins mumiviri yedu. Ngationei kuti chii.

• High-density lipoprotein (HDL): Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti "cholesterol yakanaka." HDL inobatsira kutakura cholesterol yakawandisa kubva mumuviri kudzokera kuchiropa, kwainoburitswa. Huwandu hwakawanda hweHDL hunoderedza njodzi yedu yekurwara nemwoyo. Zvakafanana neshamwari kwatiri.

• Low-density lipoprotein (LDL): Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti "cholesterol yakaipa"Zvinonzi. Kuwedzera kwemazinga eLDL kunowedzera njodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakaita sechirwere chemwoyo, kurwiswa kwemoyo, uye sitiroko. LDL inotakura cholesterol uye inoiisa mutsinga dzedu dzeropa. Kana ikaiswa nenzira iyi, inova sevhu riri mupombi, zvichideredza nzvimbo iri mukati metsinga dzeropa uye zvichivhara kufamba kweropa. Tinodaidza chirwere ichi kuti atherosclerosis .

• Mapoproteins akaderera zvakanyanya (VLDL): Iyi imwe mhando ye "cholesterol yakaipa." VLDL inonyanya kutakura triglycerides kuenda kunhengo dzedu dzemuviri. Inobatsirawo mukufambisa cholesterol kusvika pamwero wakati.

• Mapuroteni epakati nepakati (IDL): Aya anoumbwa mushure mekunge VLDL yabviswa mamwe mafuta ayo. Mapuroteni aya anozobviswa nechiropa kana kuchinjwa kuita LDL.

• MaChylomicrons: Aya ndiwo mapoprotein particles makuru. Anotakurawo triglycerides.

Unoona, kune marudzi akasiyana ema lipoprotein, uye anoita zvinhu zvakasiyana.

Chii chinonzi lipoprotein (a) kana LP (a)?

Uyu wakakosha zvishoma. Lipoprotein (a) kana LP(a) imhando imwe chete yeLDL, iyo "cholesterol yakaipa" yatakataura nezvayo. Asi uyu wakakosha. Imwe puroteni inonzi apolipoprotein (a) kana apo(a) yakaputirwa pachikamu ichi cheLDL. Apa(a) iyi inoita kuti chikamu cheLDL "chinamire" zvishoma. Saka, LP(a) iyi inogona kuiswa mutsinga dzeropa zviri nyore, zvichiwedzera njodzi yematambudziko emwoyo. Kuva nehuwandu hwakawanda hweLP(a) chinhu chikuru chinokonzera njodzi yekukuvadzwa kweatherosclerosis.

Kunyange hazvo kudya kwedu uye mararamiro edu zvichigona kukanganisa mamwe mazinga eHDL neLDL, mazinga edu eLP(a) anonyanya kutsamira pamajini edu. Vamwe vanhu vane mazinga eLP(a) akakwira nekuda kwekuchinja kwemajini. Vanhu vakadaro vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo vachiri vadiki.

Chii chinonzi kuongororwa kweropa reLipid Panel?

Chiremba wako anogona kunge akakukumbira kuti uve ne "lipid profile." Ndizvo zvinonzi lipid panel blood test iyi. Inoyera huwandu hwecholesterol muropa rako. Inoyerawo huwandu hweHDL, LDL, uye triglycerides, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwecholesterol yako.

Kuongororwa ropa uku kuri nyore kwazvo. Kunotora maminetsi asingasviki mashanu. Unogona kuzviita kuhofisi yachiremba wako, murabhoritari, kana kuchipatara. Kuti uwane mhedzisiro yakanaka, unofanira kutsanya kwemaawa masere kusvika gumi nemaviri usati waongororwa ropa.Izvi zvinoreva kuti hauzodyi kana kunwa chero chinhu. Unogonawo kukumbirwa kuti urege kutora chero mishonga yauri kutora kwenguva yakati. Saka, unofanira kutevedzera mirairo yachiremba nemazvo.

Lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)] inoongororwa sei uye riini?

Kazhinji, havasi vese vanoongororwa huwandu hwavo hweLP(a). Kana chiremba wako akakumbira izvozvo chete, ndipo pavanozoongorora huwandu hweLP(a) pamwe chete ne lipid panel.

Bvunzo iyi inowanzo kurudzirwa chete kune vanhu vane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera chirwere chemwoyo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kana wakambova nematambudziko emwoyo.
• Kana paine mumwe munhu mumhuri yako, kunyanya hama dzechikoro chepamusoro (vabereki, vanun'una, nehanzvadzi), akamborwara nechirwere chemwoyo achiri mudiki.
• Kana huwandu hweLDL yako hwakakwira zvisina kujairika.
• Kana uine zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yekuwedzera cholesterol muropa , chirwere chemajini chinokonzera mazinga eLDL akakwira.

Kuongororwa kweropa remafuta uku kwakakosha sei?

Kuwanda kwemafuta eropa kazhinji hakukonzeri zviratidzo, saka kuongororwa ropa uku ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuona matambudziko emafuta eropa anogona kukanganisa mwoyo wako netsinga dzeropa.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa iyi lipid blood test pazvinhu zvakaita se:

• Kuongororwa: Izvi zvinogona kuitwa sechikamu chekuongororwa kwako kwegore negore kwechiremba. Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kuona kana uri panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa nechirwere chemwoyo. Kana wangoziva kuti uri panjodzi yakakura, unogona kutora matanho ekudzivirira zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita sechirwere chemwoyo uye sitiroko.
• Kuongorora: Kuongororwa kweropa kwecholesterol uku kunobatsirawo kuona zvirwere zvakaita se atherosclerosis .
• Kuongororwa: Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kuona kana huwandu hwecholesterol yako huri kuwedzera kuipa, uchida kurapwa, kana kuti uri kupindura zvakanaka pakurapwa.

Kuongororwa kwemafuta aya kunofanira kuitwa kangani?

Zvakajairika kuti huwandu hwemafuta akawandisa mumuviri (lipoproteins) nemafuta akawandisa mumuviri (cholesterol) zviwedzere nekukura. Sezvo njodzi yako ichiwedzera, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuongororwa kakawanda.

Zvinotevera zvinowanzo kurudzirwa pakuongororwa kweropa rine mafuta:

• Kune varume vane makore anopfuura 35 ekuberekwa uye vakadzi vane makore anopfuura 45 ekuberekwa.
• Kurwara kwemasero eropa (atherosclerosis) kunonyanya kuitika muvarume vari pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemashanu uye muvakadzi vari pakati pemakore makumi maviri nemakumi mana nemashanu.
• Kune vana, zvakanakisisa kunyora bvunzo iyi kamwe chete pakati pemakore mapfumbamwe negumi nerimwe, uye zvakare pakati pemakore gumi nemanomwe nemakumi maviri nerimwe.

Ndeapi mazinga e lipoprotein ane hutano?

MaLabhoratori anoyera cholesterol nema lipoproteins muma milligrams pa deciliter (mg/dL). Nzira dzinoshandiswa neLabhoratori yega yega dzinogona kusiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro inobva muropa rimwe chete inogona kusiyana zvishoma kubva muLabhoratori kuenda kune imwe. Pose pazvinogoneka, chiremba wako achada kushandisa Labhoratori imwe chete kuti aongorore mazinga ako.

Mwero weHDL, LDL, triglycerides, uye cholesterol yese inosiyana zvichienderana nezera uye murume kana mukadzi. Taura nachiremba wako nezve mwero weHDL, LDL, uye munhurume kana kuti munhukadzi. Kazhinji, kana usina zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi, izvi zvinoonekwa sezvine hutano:

• Cholesterol yose: 100-199 mg/dL kune avo vane makore anopfuura 21; 75-169 mg/dL kune avo vane makore makumi maviri zvichidzika.
• HDL (cholesterol yakanaka): 45 mg/dL kana kupfuura. (55 mg/dL kana kupfuura iri nani kuvakadzi, 45 mg/dL kana kupfuura kuvarume)
• LDL (cholesterol yakaipa): pasi pe100 mg/dL.
• Triglycerides: Zvisingasviki 150 mg/dL.

Panel yemafuta haigone kuyera zvakananga mazinga eVLDL, uye hapana bvunzo chaiyo yeizvi. Pane kudaro, marabhoritari anofungidzira mazinga eVLDL yako nekukamura triglycerides yako neshanu. Nhamba yeVLDL ine hutano inofanira kunge iri pasi pe30 mg/dL. Zvisinei, nzira iyi haisi nguva dzose yakarurama kana triglycerides yako yakakwira zvakanyanya.

Chii chinonzi kukosha kwakajairika kwe lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)]?

Mazinga eLP(a) anotaurwa mu mg/dL kana nanomoles pa litre (nmol/L). Kukosha kuri pamusoro pe50 mg/dL kana 75 nmol/L kunoonekwa sekukwira, uye kunowedzera njodzi yezvirwere zvakaita se atherosclerosis, chirwere chemwoyo, uye sitiroko .

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwecholesterol yakaipa (LDL)?

Vakadzi vasvika panguva yekusvika kumwedzi nevakuru vane makore anopfuura makumi mana ndivo vari panjodzi huru yekuwanda kweLDL. Zvisinei, kunyange vana vadiki vanogona kuva nematambudziko echolesterol. Sezvaunokura, metabolism yako inoderera, uye chiropa chako hachikwanisi kubvisa cholesterol yakaipa mumuviri wako.

Rudzi nerudzi zvine chekuitawo nazvo. Vanhu vekuAsia America vane mukana wekuva nemazinga eLDL akakwira, nepo varungu vane mukana wekuva nemazinga echolesterol akakwira.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzera kweLDL zvinosanganisira:

• Kudya kwakawanda nemacalorie, mafuta akazara, uye cholesterol. (Tinofanirawo kufunga zvishoma nezvezvikafu zvine mafuta, zvakakangwa zvatinodya.)
• Zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga nechirwere cheitsvo.
• Nhoroondo yemhuri yekuva necholesterol yakakwira.
• Kunwa doro zvakanyanya uye kusvuta fodya.
• Mishonga yakaita se corticosteroids nemimwe mishonga yekurapa BP yakakwira neHIV/AIDS.
• Kufuta zvakanyanya (Kufuta zvakanyanya).

Nzira yekurapa mazinga eLDL akakwira sei?

Vanhu vane huwandu hwakawanda hweLDL, izvo zvinovaisa panjodzi huru yezvirwere zvemwoyo nestroke, vanowanzoda mishonga inoderedza cholesterol, yakadai se statins, ezetimibe, uye PCSK9 inhibitors . Unogona zvakare kuvandudza huwandu uhwu nekuchinja kudya kwako nemararamiro ako.

Chii chaungaita kuti uwedzere huwandu hwema lipoproteins mumuviri?

Kuchinja zvimwe zvekudya zvako nemararamiro ako kunogona kubatsira kuderedza cholesterol yako yakaipa (LDL) uye kuwedzera cholesterol yako yakanaka (HDL). Matanho aya anogona kubatsira:

• Edza kurovedza muviri kwemaminitsi angangoita 150 pasvondo (anenge maminetsi makumi matatu pazuva). Kunyangwe kufamba-famba kwenguva pfupi kana kurovedza muviri kwakanaka.
• Idya chikafu chine hutano pamoyo. Izvi zvinoreva kudya chikafu chine mafuta mashoma asina kunaka, shuga shoma (carbohydrates), uye chine fiber yakawanda.
• Dzora BP yakakwira uye chirwere cheshuga.
• Rara zvakanaka.
• Ramba uine huremu hwakanaka. Kana wakafuta, kuderedza huremu hwemuviri wako ne5% kusvika 10% kunogona kuwedzera huwandu hwecholesterol mumuviri wako.
• Tsvaga nzira dzakanaka dzekugadzirisa kushushikana.
• Deredza kunwa doro.
• Kumbira rubatsiro rwekurega kusvuta (nicotine inowedzera mazinga eLDL uye inoderedza mazinga eHDL).

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba:

Zvakanaka, saka tataura zvakawanda nezve lipoproteins nhasi, handiti? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hezvino zvinhu zvikuru zvekurangarira:

• Mapuroteni akafanana nemotokari dzinotakura mafuta necholesterol mumiviri yedu.
• HDL i "cholesterol yakanaka," iyo inobatsira kubvisa cholesterol yakawandisa mumuviri.
• LDL i "cholesterol yakaipa." Kana ikawedzera, inogona kuungana mutsinga dzeropa uye kukonzera chirwere chemwoyo.
• LP(a) imwe mhando ye "sticky" bad cholesterol, iyo inowedzerawo njodzi yechirwere chemwoyo.
• Zvinhu zvakaita semararamiro ako, kudya kwako, uye kurovedza muviri zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya huwandu hwemapoprotein mumuviri wako.
• Dzimwe nguva mishonga (yakadai se "Statins") inogona kudiwa kuderedza mazinga eLDL neLP(a) uye kuwedzera mazinga eHDL.
• Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuongororwa ropa nguva dzose kuti ugare uine ruzivo nezvehuwandu hweropa rako uye kutevedzera mirairo yachiremba wako.

Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira kuchengetedza moyo wako uine hutano!

lipoproteins , cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, chirwere chemwoyo, lipid panel, atherosclerosis, LP(a), cholesterol