Kangani kawakanzwa izwi rekuti 'Metabolism'? Ungave wakanzwa mumwe munhu achiti, "Oh, metabolism yangu inononoka, saka ndakafuta." Kana kuti ungave wakafunga kuti, "Ane rombo rakanaka, ane metabolism inokurumidza, saka haawedzeri uremu." Chii chaizvo chinonzi metabolism? Zvinongokanganisa huremu hwemuviri chete here? Ngatitaure nezvazvo nhasi nenzira iri nyore yaunogona kunzwisisa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi Metabolism?
Funga nezvemuviri wako seinjini iri mumotokari. Sezvaunoda peturu kuti ushandise mota yako, ubatidze mwenje, uye ubatidze AC, muviri wako unoda simba kuti ushande. Metabolism inzira yakaoma yemakemikari inoshandura chikafu chaunodya kuita simba. Izvi zvinoitika musero rega rega mumuviri wako, sekondi yega yega. Simba iri ndiro rinokutendera kufema, kufamba, kufunga, uye kupora kubva mukurwara. Kwete izvozvo chete, rinochengetedzawo moyo wako uchirova uye tembiricha yemuviri wako ichidzorwa kunyangwe paunenge wakarara.
Patinotaura nezve metabolism, tinowanzo funga nezvekupisa macalorie kubva muchikafu chete. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti metabolic rate yako, kana kuti ``Metabolic Rate.'' Inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru.
| Mashandisirwo esimba | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| Chiyero cheBasal Metabolic (BMR) | Simba rinoshandiswa nemuviri wako pazvinhu zvidiki zvakaita sekuti mwoyo wako urambe uchirova uye uchifema, kunyangwe kana usiri kuita chero chinhu, kungozorora. |
| Mhedzisiro yekupisa kweChikafu | Simba rinodiwa kuti ugone kugaya chikafu chaunodya uye kunwa zvinovaka muviri zvirimo. |
| Mabasa Emuviri | Simba raunoshandisa mune zvese zvaunoita, sekufamba, kumhanya, kurovedza muviri, uye kuita mabasa epamba. |
Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti metabolism chinhu chatinogona kuchinja nyore nyore uye kudzora huremu hwedu. Asi chokwadi chakaoma zvikuru. Isystem inoshamisa inokanganisa hutano hwako hwese.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvikuru zvinoitika mumuviri nekuda kwemetabolism?
Kugayiwa kwemuviri wako hakumbomiri. Kunoshanda kunyangwe wakarara. Heano mamwe emabasa makuru anoitika:
- Kufema.
- Kutenderera kweropa mumuviri wese.
- Kugaya.
- Kugadzira masero matsva mumuviri uye kugadzirisa masero akakuvara.
- Kudzora huwandu hwemahormone.
- Kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri isingachinji.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti metabolism yako haishande nguva dzose ne "speed" imwe chete. Inoziva nzira yekushandura huwandu hwesimba rayo kuti rienderane nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, akadai sekudya, kutsanya, kurovedza muviri, kana uchirwara, uye panguva yekuzvitakura.
Anabolism uye Catabolism: Musangano weMuviri
Kune maitiro maviri makuru mukushandiswa kwemetabolism. Funga nezvazvo seworkshop hombe.
1. Kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu: Kuputswa kwezvinhu
Izvi zvinosanganisira kupatsanura zvinovaka muviri zvakakura (makabhohaidhiretsi, mapuroteni, mafuta) zviri muchikafu chaunodya kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira simba. Zvakafanana nekupwanya danda guru kuita zvidimbu zvidiki woriisa muchitofu.
- Makabhohaidhiretsi anoshandurwa kuita glucose, inova shuga iri muropa redu.
- Mapuroteni anopatsanurwa kuita maamino acids.
- Mafuta anopatsanurwa kuita mafuta acids.
2. Kugadzira zvinhu (Anabolism): Kuvaka zvinhu
Iri ndiro rimwe divi re catabolism. Chinoitika pano ndechekuti muviri unoshandisa zvidimbu zvakaputsika kuvaka zvinhu zvitsva, zvikuru. Zvakafanana nekubatanidza zvidhinha zvidiki kuvaka rusvingo rukuru.
- Kana ukakuvara, maitiro aya anogadzira masero matsva ekuchirapa.
- Izvi zvakakosha pakukura kwemapfupa nekukura kwetsandanyama.
Chii chiri hukama chaihwo pakati pemetabolism nehuremu hwemuviri?
Iri ndiro dambudziko guru rine vanhu vazhinji. Chirevo chekuti, "Ndiri kuwedzera uremu nekuti metabolism yangu inononoka" hachisi chokwadi chose. Kazhinji, metabolism haisiriyo yega chikonzero chekuwedzerwa kana kudzikira kwehuremu.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana muviri wako ukawana simba rakawanda (macalorie) kubva muchikafu kupfuura raunoshandisa pazuva, simba iroro rekuwedzera rinochengetwa semafuta emuviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unowedzera uremu. Kana ukatora simba shoma kubva muchikafu kupfuura raunoshandisa, muviri wako unotanga kushandisa simba (mafuta) rakachengetwa mauri. Ndipo paunoderedza uremu.
Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwemuviri wako kuchikanganisa maitiro aya, handiyo yega nyaya yacho. Kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa maitiro aya, zvinosanganisira zvaunodya, nhanho yekushanda kwako, kurara kwako, uye mahormone.
Chii chinonzi 'Fast' uye 'Slow' Metabolism?
- Kukurumidza Kuchinja Kwemuviri: Kana `BMR` yemunhu, kureva kuti, huwandu hwemacalorie anopiswa akamira, yakakwira, tinoidaidza kuti `kukurumidza kuchinja muviri`.
- Kuchinja Kwemuviri Zvishoma Nezvishoma: Kana `BMR` yemunhu yakaderera, inonzi `kuchinja kwemuviri zvishoma nezvishoma`.
Asi yeuka, kungoti kugaya kwemuviri kwemunhu kunokurumidza hazvirevi kuti akaonda. Uye kungoti kunonoka hazvirevi kuti akafuta.
Zvinetso zve metabolic zvinogona kuitika here?
Ehe, dzimwe nguva panogona kunge paine zvikanganiso mukuita uku kwakaoma. Tinozvidaidza kuti metabolic disorders. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.
| Chikonzero | Semuyenzaniso... |
|---|---|
| Kusakwana kwezvekudya zvinovaka muviri | Kushaikwa kwevhitamini D kunoderedza kunyudzwa kwecalcium mumuviri uye kunoderedza simba remapfupa. Kushaikwa kwesimbi kunokonzera anemia. |
| Kusawirirana kwemacalorie | Kudya zvishoma kwenguva yakareba kunogona kuderedza simba remuviri wako. Kudya zvakawanda kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera uremu. |
| Kushaikwa kwema enzyme | Mune zvimwe zvirwere zvekuzvarwa nazvo (semuenzaniso Phenylketonuria - PKU), muviri unogona kushaya ma enzyme anodiwa kuti uparadze mamwe mapuroteni. |
| Kusawirirana kwemahormone | Zvirwere zve thyroid zvinogona kukonzera kuti kugaya chikafu kunonoke (hypothyroidism) kana kuti kukurumidze (hyperthyroidism). |
| Mishonga, zvinodhaka uye chepfu | Kushandisa mishonga yakaita se corticosteroids kwenguva refu kunogona kukonzera kufuta. Kunwa doro zvakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro echiropa. |
Kune mhando mbiri dzechirwere ichi:
- Zvirwere zvemuviri zvinosangana neropa: Izvi zvinokura pazera rehupenyu. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwakajairika. Mienzaniso:
- Chirwere cheshuga - (Ichi ndicho chirwere chinowanzo shandiswa pakugadzirisa muviri)
- Zvirwere zve thyroid
- Kufuta uye Kurema Kusina Kukwana
- Kuramba insulin
- Zvirwere zvemuviri zvinoberekwa zviri zvechivanhu: Izvi zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvinokonzerwa nekusakwana kwemajini. Mienzaniso:
- Zvirwere zvekuchengetedza glycogen
- Chirwere chaWilson
- Chirwere cheTay-Sachs
Ndingaitei kuti ndirambe ndiine hutano hwakanaka hwemetabolism?
Chiyero chemuviri wako che basal metabolic rate (BMR) chinowanzo kukuomera kudzora. Zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sezera rako, murume kana mukadzi, uye majini ako. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zvishoma zvaunogona kuita kuti metabolism yako yese irambe iine hutano uye yakatsigirwa.
- Idyai zvekudya zvine mwero nenguva: Musarega kudya kwenyu kukuru. Kuita izvi kunogona kunonotsa mashandiro emuviri wenyu.
- Sarudza chikafu chinovaka muviri: Sarudza chikafu chine michero mitsva, miriwo, mapuroteni asina mafuta akawanda (hove, huku), nyemba, uye mafuta ane hutano.
- Ramba uchiita maekisesaizi: Kurovedza muviri, kunyanya kurovedza muviri nesimba, sekusimudza masimbi. Tsandanyama dzinopisa macalorie akawanda kupfuura mafuta, kunyangwe paunenge wakamira.
- Wana hope dzakakwana: Kurara zvakanaka uye zvakakwana kwakakosha zvikuru pakugaya kwako muviri. Kusarara zvakakwana kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro emahormone uye kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba rako.
- Inwa mvura yakakwana: Mvura inokosha kuti mashandiro emuviri ashande zvakanaka. Kunyangwe kushomeka kwemvura mumuviri kunogona kunonotsa mashandiro emuviri.
- Usadzora kudya kwako zvisina musoro: Kudya kwakanyanyisa kunoderedza huwandu hwechikafu chaunodya kunoderedza simba remuviri wako.
Ndingaziva sei kana metabolism yangu yakanaka?
Hatingangoti, "Ndinonzwa sekunge metabolism yangu iri kudzikira." Izvozvo zvinongoonekwa chete nekuongororwa kwechiremba. Miviri yemiedzo mikuru yeropa inoshandiswa navanachiremba kuona kuenzana kwemakemikari mumuviri wako uye metabolism ndeye Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) uye Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP).
Kana uchinetseka nezvekurema kwako, kuneta nguva dzose, kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvisingatsanangurike, iva nechokwadi chekutaura nachiremba wako. Usaedze kuzvirapa uchishandisa zvaunoverenga paindaneti. Chiremba wako achaita bvunzo kana zvichidikanwa uye achakupa kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwehutano hwako.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kugaya muviri hakusi kwekungorema chete. Inzira inoshamisa inopa simba mumuviri wako uye inodzora simba.
- Haugone kuchinja nyore nyore chiyero che metabolism yako (BMR), asi unogona kutsigira metabolism yako yese kuburikidza nemararamiro ane hutano.
- Kazhinji, huremu hwemuviri hunoenderana nekuenzana kwesimba (macalorie) aunotora uye simba raunoshandisa.
- Kana uine mibvunzo nezve metabolism yako kana kuchinja kwehuremu kana kuneta kusingatsananguriki, usafungidzire uye tsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba ane hunyanzvi.
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