Wakambozvibvunza here kuti zvinoitika sei nekukurumidza kudaro kana uchida kufambisa ruoko rwako? Kana kuti tinodzosa sei ruoko rwedu shure mushure mekubata chimwe chinhu chinopisa? Zvese izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwemashoko emagetsi anomhanya zvikuru anofamba kubva muuropi hwedu kuenda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wedu, uye kubva kunhengo dzemuviri wedu kudzokera kuuropi hwedu. Saka, masero edu etsinga ane 'chidziviriro' chakakosha chakaapoteredza chinobatsira mashoko aya kufamba nekukurumidza uye pasina matambudziko. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti Myelin Sheath . Nhasi tichataura nezve myelin sheath iyi inoshamisa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi myelin sheath iyi?
Fungidzira kuti magetsi ari mumba medu akaita sewaya imwe chete. Waya iyoyo ine chifukidziro chepurasitiki chakaipoteredza. Sei zvakadaro? Chimwe ndechekuti inodzivirira waya. Chimwe ndechekuti inobatsira magetsi kuti afambe nekukurumidza kuenda kwaanoda kuenda, asingadonhedze mvura kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoitikawo ne myelin sheath. Iyi ipurasitiki yakagadzirwa nemafuta nemapuroteni . Iyi myelin sheath yakaputirwa nechikamu chakarebesa chema neuron edu, iyo 'waya' huru inotakura mameseji. Izvi hazvingodziviriri chete tsinga, asiwo zvinobatsira kuti masaini emagetsi afambe nekukurumidza uye nemazvo.
Ngatitangei tanzwisisa zvishoma nezvezvikamu zvemasero etsinga.
Kuti tinzwisise izvi, ngatienzanisei neuron nemuti mudiki. Ipapo unogona kurangarira izvi zviri nyore.
1. Muviri wesero (Soma): Izvi zvakafanana nemidzi yemuti. Sezvo midzi yemuti ichitora zvinovaka muviri kubva muvhu, madendrite , ayo ari zvikamu zvakaita semidzi yemuviri wesero, 'anotora' mameseji emakemikari kubva kune mamwe masero etsinga ari pedyo. Mashoko aya emakemikari anozoshandurwa kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi. Nheyo yesero iriwo muchikamu ichi.
2. Axon: Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yakareba yakaita sehunde yemuti. Sezvinoita zvinovaka muviri zvinobva pamidzi yemuti zvichikwira muhunde, zviratidzo zvemagetsi zvinogadzirwa mumuviri wesero zvinofamba pamwe chete neaxon iyi.
3. Axon Terminal: Izvi zvakafanana nemabukira ari kumagumo emapazi emuti. Kufanana nemashizha nemaruva anobuda mumabukira iwayo, axon terminal 'inoburitsa' chiratidzo chemagetsi kumasero etsinga anotevera.
Aya ndiwo manyorerwo anoita mashoko kubva mutsinga imwe kuenda kune imwe. Zvakafanana nemujaho wekutumirana mameseji. Aya ndiwo manyorerwo anoita mashoko kubva muuropi hwedu nemusana wedu kuburikidza nemiviri yedu yese. Tsandanyama dziri mumaoko ako dzinobatana, unofema, moyo wako unorova, zvese izvi zvinodzorwa nemaitiro aya anoshamisa ekutaurirana.
Ndeapi mabasa makuru e myelin sheath?
Sezvatakambokurukura, sheath ye myelin ine mabasa matatu makuru.
- Kuchengetedza: kungofanana nemagetsiKufanana nepurasitiki inoputirwa newaya, kuputirwa uku kwemafuta nemapuroteni kunopa dziviriro yakanaka kune axon yesero retsinga.
- Kukurumidzisa: Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Chidimbu che myelin chinobvumira masaini emagetsi kufamba nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kubva kune rimwe sero retsinga kuenda kune rimwe.
- Kuchengetedza simba rechiratidzo: Sezvo chiratidzo chemagetsi chichifamba neaxon, chinogona kupera simba. Zvisinei, myelin sheath inobatsira kuchengetedza simba rechiratidzo pasina kuchideredza .
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pasina myelin sheath, kutaurirana kwemashoko mumiviri yedu kwaizononoka uye kusashanda zvakanaka. Zvaizofanana nekuedza kufamba kubva kuColombo kuenda kuMatara nemigwagwa yemumusha isina mugwagwa mukuru.
Chii chinoitika kana sheath ye myelin ikakuvara?
Kune masero etsinga angangoita mabhiriyoni zana mumuviri wedu anogara achibhururuka. Mabasa edu ese anodzorwa nekutumirana mameseji uku. Saka fungidzira zvaizoitika kana sheath ye myelin yakakomberedza masero aya etsinga ikakuvara. Ipapo masaini emagetsi anomhanya aya aizotanga kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma, kana kumira zvachose .
Chikonzero chikuru chekukuvadzwa uku ndechekuti masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anofunga zvisirizvo kuti sheath yemyelin chinhu chinokuvadza muviri kubva kunze. Zvadaro, masero edu ekudzivirira muviri anotanga kurwisa sheath yemyelin. Kurwiswa uku kunoparadza myelin. Tinodana nzira iyi kuti demyelination . Nekufamba kwenguva, kunyange masero anogadzira myelin anoparadzwa. Nenzira iyi, tinova nezviratidzo zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekuti sheath yemyelin yakakuvara kupi.
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokanganisa myelin sheath?
Kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokuvadza myelin sheath. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvezvimwe zvacho. Ngatikamurai zvirwere izvi muzvikamu zviviri: izvo zvinokanganisa sisitimu yedu yetsinga (CNS), inova uropi nemusana, uye izvo zvinokanganisa sisitimu yetsinga yeropa (PNS), inova tsinga dzese dzemuviri.
| Zvirwere zvinokanganisa myelin mu central nervous system (CNS) | |
|---|---|
| Zita reChirwere | Tsananguro iri nyore |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | Ichi ndicho chirwere chinowanzo kuvadza myelin. Chinorwisa myelin muuropi nemumusana. |
| Encephalomyelitis yakapararira zvakanyanya | Uku kurwiswa kwemuviri kwakakomba kunoitika kamwe kamwe mutsinga dzemuviri. Ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitiki. |
| Myelitis inotenderera | Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa ne autoimmune chinokonzera kuzvimba mumusana. |
| Neuromyelitis optica | Pano, masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa tsinga yemaziso nemuzongoza. |
| Zvirwere zvinokanganisa myelin mu peripheral nervous system (PNS) | |
|---|---|
| Zita reChirwere | Tsananguro iri nyore |
| Guillain-Barre syndrome | Chirwere chinowanzoitika mushure mehutachiona. Kashoma, chinogonawo kuitika mushure mekubaiwa nhomba. |
| Kuzvimba kwenguva refu kunoderedza myelination polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) | Ichi chirwere chinokura zvishoma nezvishoma che autoimmune chinorwisa myelin. |
| Chirwere cheCharcot Marie Tooth | Ichi chirwere chinogara nhaka, zvichireva chirwere chetsinga chinobva mumajini. |
| Kushomeka kwemhangura | Kushomeka kwehuwandu hwemaminerari emhangura mumuviri kunogona kukanganisa uye kuderedza simba rekudzivirira re myelin. |
Myelin inogona kukuvara nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero here?
Ehe. Kuwedzera kune zvirwere zvataurwa pamusoro apa, sheath ye myelin inogona kukuvara nekuda kwezvimwe zvikonzero zvakawanda.
- Kurohwa: Kunokonzerwa nekusafamba zvakanaka kweropa kuenda kuuropi.
- Zvirwere uye matambudziko ekugaya chikafu: Zvinokonzerwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana uye matambudziko emakemikari mumuviri.
- Chepfu: Kudya zvimwe zvinhu zvine chepfu.
- Kushaikwa kweVitamin B12: Vhitamini iyi inokosha pakugadzirwa kwemyelin.
- Mamwe marudzi emishonga: Semuenzaniso, mishonga yakaita seethambutol.
- Kunwa doro zvakanyanya: Kushandisa doro kwenguva refu kunokuvadzawo myelin.
Uyezve, mune zvisingawanzoitiki, zvirwere zvenhaka zvakaita sechirwere cheTay-Sachs, myelin sheath inogona kusaumbwa zvakanaka.
Kukuvadzwa kwe myelin kunogona kugadziriswa here?
Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo unonyanya kukosha kune wese munhu. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti, hongu, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa myelin yakakuvara . Kugadziriswa uku kunogona kuitika mutsinga dzedu dzepakati nedzepanze.
Chinhu chakakosha pane izvi ndechekudzora zvinhu zvinokonzera kuparadzwa kwemyelin. Semuenzaniso, zvakakosha kupa mishonga yakaita semasteroid kudzora kuzvimba kunokonzerwa nekushanda kwemasoja emuviri, uye kushandisa mimwe mishonga inodzora masoja emuviri (immunosuppression/modulation treatment).
Masayendisiti parizvino ari kuita tsvakiridzo yakawanda pamusoro pekuti angagadzirisa sei myelin yakakuvara. Kunyangwe hazvo pasina mushonga wakatenderwa wekugadzirisa myelin, mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa iri kuratidza tarisiro huru kune ramangwana.
- Imwe tsvakiridzo yakaratidza kuti mushonga we "allergy" we "clemastine" une simba rekugadzirisa myelin.
- Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberiwo kuti myelin inogona kugadzurwazve here uchishandisa stem cells.
- Kutsvagurudza kuri kuitwawo nezvemishonga inodzivirira tsinga kuti dzisakuvadzwe zvakanyanya.
Saka, tsvakiridzo iyi inoratidza kuti kune mukana mukuru wekurapa kuri nani kune varwere vane kukuvara kwe myelin mune ramangwana.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Chifukidziro che myelin chinodzivirira masero edu etsinga chinoshanda sechifukidziro chepurasitiki pawaya yemagetsi.
- Ndosaka mashoko emagetsi mumuviri wedu achifamba nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira.
- Chidimbu che myelin chinogona kukuvara nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemuviri wedu wekudzivirira chirwere kana zvimwe zvikonzero. Izvi tinozvidaidza kuti demyelination.
- Zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita seMultiple Sclerosis (MS) uye Guillain-Barre syndrome zvinokonzerwa nekukuvara kwe myelin sheath.
- Kana uine zviratidzo zvine chekuita netsinga dzakadai sekuoma kwetsinga, kushaya simba, kana kunetseka kufamba, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba wako nekukasika kuti akupe mazano.
- Muviri une simba rekugadzirisa myelin yakakuvara, uye masayendisiti ari kuramba achitsvaga nzira itsva dzekurapa dzinogona kubatsira neizvi.
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