Pamwe unoziva kuti miviri yedu ine dziviriro inoshamisa, seuto, yekurwisa zvirwere. Tinoti izvi isimba rekudzivirira muviri. Kune marudzi akasiyana emasoja muuto iri. Vamwe vanosora, vamwe vanogadzira zvombo, uye vamwe vanoenda zvakananga kuhondo. Nhasi tichataura nezveboka remakomando rakasiyana zvishoma, uye rine hunyanzvi muuto iri. Idzo ndidzo 'masero ekuuraya echisikigo' kana sezvatinoziva tese, Masero Ekuuraya Echisikigo (NK Cells) . Zita racho rinonzwika richityisa zvishoma, handiti? Asi ava ndivo vamwe veshamwari dzedu dzepamoyo mumiviri yedu.
Masero aya ekuuraya echisikigo (NK cells) ndivanaani?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Masero Anouraya Asiri (NK cells) rudzi rwemasero machena eropa mumuviri wedu. Kutaura chokwadi, ari muboka remasero anonzi lymphocytes, ayo ari rudzi rukuru rwemasero muimmune system. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvemasero eB neT-cells. Ndizvo zvinoreva masero eNK.
Asi pane chikonzero chinoita kuti vanzi "vaurayi vechisikigo". Mamwe masero ekurwisa ari musystem yedu yekudzivirira muviri, senge maT-cell ane chepfu, anofanira kuziva muvengi (senge hutachiona kana mabhakitiriya) kuti akwanise kumuparadza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anofanira kudzidziswa nekurangarira nezvemuvengi iyeye.
Asi maspika edu, `NK cells`, haadi kudzidziswa kana kuzivikanwa kwekutanga. Anogona kuparadza chero sero ringavatyisidzira nekukurumidza pavanoriona, vasina ruzivo rwekare. Akafanana nembwa inorinda yakangwara inoziva mbavha yoisvetukira kana mbavha ikapinda mumba.
Chii chaizvo chinoitika nemasero aya eNK?
Basa guru remasero e'NK' nderekuparadza masero aimbova neutano hwakanaka asi iye zvino ava kutyisidzira miviri yedu. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Masero ane utachiona hwemavhairasi: Kana vhairasi ikapinda mumuviri, inopinda mumasero edu ane hutano uye inoatonga. Masero e'NK' anogona kuziva mafekitori aya evhairasi uye anoaparadza vhairasi isati yapararira zvakanyanya.
- Masero egomarara: Masero eNK ane kugona kukuru kwekuziva nekuparadza mamwe masero egomarara anokura mumiviri yedu achiri mudiki. Nokudaro, masero aya anoita basa guru mukudzivirira kupararira kwegomarara.
Masero aya e'NK' chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira muviri. Iyi sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekudzivirira miviri yedu. Funga nezvemuviri wedu senhare. Madziro enhare iyoyo (ganda redu) uye migero (mucous membranes) ndizvo zvinhu zvekutanga zvinodzivirira utachiona kuti husapinde. Asi kana muvengi akapfuura zvipingamupinyi izvozvo opinda, chikwata chekutanga cheuto chinoenda kuhondo iyi sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri yekuzvarwa nayo. Masoja akanakisa muchikwata ichocho ndiwo masero e'NK'.
Kunyange hazvo basa ravo guru riri rekuuraya, masero eNK ane rimwe basa rakakosha. Ndiro kutaurirana. Anoburitsa mapuroteni akakosha anonzi ma cytokine. Aya akafanana nemashoko. Mashoko aya anoudza mamwe masero ari muimmune system kuti, "Pane muvengi pano, uyai mubatsire."
Zvakanaka, saka masero aya eNK anoshanda sei?
Iyi inzira inonakidza zvikuru. Masero e'NK' anogara achifamba-famba nemiviri yedu. Paanenge achiita izvi, "anoskena" sero rega rega raanosangana naro, achibvunza kuti, "Iri sero redu rine hutano here kana kuti sero rine njodzi?" Sarudzo yekuti sero re'NK' richaparadza sero here kana kuti kwete inoenderana nemasaini arinogamuchira kana kusagamuchira kubva kusero raari kuongorora (ngatitii 'sero rakatarwa').
Kune ma receptors akawanda pamusoro peNK cell anogona kumutsa nekudzivisa kuparadzwa kwesero.
Tingaziva sei masero ane hutano uye todzivisa kuakuvadza? (Kudzivisa)
Sero rega rega rine hutano mumuviri wedu rine kadhi reID pamusoro paro rinoti, "Ndiri sero rine hutano riri mumuviri uyu." Izvi zvinonzi MHC-1 . Kana sero reNK rikaenda patrol, parinosangana nesero, rinotarisa kadhi reID reMHC-1 iri.
Kana ID iri chaiyo, zvichireva kuti sero rine hutano, MHC-1 inosunga kune inhibitory receptor iri paNK cell. Zvakafanana nemurindi anotarisa ID oti, "Zvakanaka, unogona kuenda." Panguva iyoyo, maitiro ekuuraya kweNK cell anongodzima. Saka NK cell inoenda kunoongorora sero rinotevera pasina kukuvadza sero rine hutano.
Ungasarudza sei kuparadza masero ane njodzi? (Kushanda)
Sero re'NK' rinopinda muhondo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai seaya:
- Kana kadhi reID (MHC-1) rarasika: Masero ane hutachiona uye mamwe masero ekenza anoviga kadhi reID rinonzi `MHC-1`. Izvi zvinoreva kudzivirira masoja emuviri. Asi masero e`NK` anonyengera zvikuru. Pavanongoona sero risina kadhi reID, vanosarudza kuti harifungidzirwe uye vanorirwisa.
- Kana kadhi rekuzivikanwa (MHC-1) radzikira: Dzimwe nguva `MHC-1` yesero hairasikirwe zvachose, asi huwandu hwacho hunodzikira. Izvozvowo chiratidzo chekunyevera kumasero e`NK`.
- Kana uchigamuchira masaini ekushandisa:Mamwe masero ane utachiona nemasero egomarara anoburitsa mamwe masaini pamusoro pawo anoti "Ndiri munhu ane njodzi." Kana masaini aya atorwa ne'activating receptors' pamasero eNK, maitiro ekuuraya anotanga.
Mushure mekusarudza kuparadza sero, sero reNK rinoshandisa zvombo zviviri zvine simba zvemakemikari.
1. Perforin: Izvi zvinogadzira buri kunze kwesero rinotarirwa.
2. MaGranzymes: Maenzymes aya anonzi `granzymes anotumirwa nepaburi rakagadzirwa. Kana aya apinda, sero rinotarirwa rinoparadzwa kubva mukati.
Mushure mekupedza basa iri, NK cell inotumira mameseji (kuburikidza nema cytokines) kune vamwe kuti vauye kuzochenesa uye vaone kana paine vamwe vavengi.
Masero aya eNK ari kupi mumuviri wedu?
Masero eNK anotanga kukura mumongo wedu wemapfupa. Ndiyo chikamu chine siponji mukati memapfupa edu makuru. Mushure mekukura imomo, mamwe masero eNK anoramba ari mumongo wemapfupa. Mamwe anofamba achienda kunhengo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabatana nehurongwa hwedu hwelymphatic. Semuenzaniso:
- Manodhi elymph
- Chidendene
- Matoni
- Thymus
Kana aya akura kuita masero eNK, anoburitswa muropa. Ndosaka paine masero aya akawanda muropa redu. Pamusoro pezvo, masero eNK aya anogona kuwanikwawo munhengo dzakadai sechiropa nemapapu. Kazhinji, kune masero eNK anopfuura mabhiriyoni maviri mumuviri wemunhu mukuru chero nguva. Zvisinei, hupenyu hwavo hupfupi zvishoma, mavhiki maviri.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemasero eNK nemasero eCytotoxic T?
Kunyangwe ese ari maviri ari masero anouraya mudziviriro yemuviri, mashandiro awo nemabasa awo zvakasiyana. Kuti unzwisise musiyano uyu zvakajeka, ona tafura iri pazasi.
| Chinhu | Masero ekuuraya zvakasikwa (NK) | Masero eT ane chepfu |
|---|---|---|
| Sisitimu yemuviri yekudzivirira muviri | Sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri yakasikwa iriyo - timu yekutanga inopindura nekukurumidza. | Sisitimu yekudzivirira muviri inochinjika -Chikwata chakadzidziswa vavengi chaivo. |
| Kuziva vavengi | Hapana ruzivo rwekare runodiwa kuti uparadze muvengi. Chero nhare inofungirwa icharwiswa. | Muviri unongorwisa muvengi chaiye akambozivikanwa. |
| Kumhanya kwekupindura | Inokurumidza zvikuru. Inoshanda mukati memazuva matatu mushure mehutachiona. | Zvinotora inenge vhiki kuti uzive muvengi uye ugadzire maT-cells akasarudzika. |
| Hunhu hwekurwiswa | Sekunge munhu anofamba netsoka. Ari kutarisana nenjodzi chero ipi zvayo . | Kurwiswa kwakanangana. Kurwisa muvengi anozivikanwa chete. |
Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nematambudziko emasero eNK?
Kusava nemasero eNK akakwana mumiviri yedu, kana kuva nemasero atisina kushanda zvakanaka, idambudziko guru kuhutano hwedu, sezvo zvichideredza kugona kwedu kurwisa hutachiona nekenza.
Ongororo yakawana kuti kuchinja kwebasa remasero eNK kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
- Zvirwere zve autoimmune: Muzvirwere izvi, masoja edu emuviri anorwisa masero edu ane hutano. Zvinotendwa kuti kusashanda zvakanaka kwemasero e `NK` kunogona kukonzera chirwere ichi.
- Asthma: Masero eNK anobatsira kudzora kana kuwedzera kuzvimba munzira dzekufema muasthma.
- Chirwere cheInflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Masero eNK anobatanidzwa mukuita kwemuviri kuzvimba kwezvirwere zvemabhakitiriya mudumbu.
Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvikanganiso zviviri zvemajini zvakaberekerwa nazvo zvakanangana nemasero eNK.
1. Classical Natural Killer Cell Deficiency (NKD): Vanhu vane chirwere ichi vane masero eNK mashoma kwazvo muropa ravo kana kuti havana.
2. Kushaikwa kwemasero ekuuraya anouraya mumuviri (NKD):Kunyangwe paine masero e'NK' akakwana pano, basa remasero iwayo, kureva kuti, kugona kwawo kuparadza masero, harina simba.
Vanhu vane zvirwere zvose izvi vari panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa nezvirwere zvakawanda, kunyanya hutachiona. Semuenzaniso, HPV, herpes, cytomegalovirus (CMV), uye hutachiona hunokonzera chickenpox zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana usina chokwadi chekuti une zvirwere zvakadaro zvisingawanzoitiki, chiremba wako ndiye anofanira kusarudza. Kana uchigara uchisangana nezvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba nezvazvo.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Masero ekuuraya mhuka (NK) iboka rema commandos akakosha mumasoja edu ekudzivirira muviri anorwisa masero ekenza nemasero ane hutachiona.
- Idzi ndidzo nhengo huru dzekudzivirira muviri wedu, dziviriro yemuviri yedu.
- Kusiyana nemamwe masero ekudzivirira muviri, masero eNK haadi ruzivo rwekare kuti aparadze muvengi, saka anogona kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza.
- Kuva nemasero eNK ane hutano uye anoshanda zvakanaka mumuviri kwakakosha zvikuru pakudzivirira zvirwere zvakakomba.
- Kana munhu achiramba achirwara nezvirwere zvakanyanya, zvakakosha kuzivisa chiremba kuitira kuti chiremba akwanise kutarisa mashandiro emuviri wemuviri wake, kana zvichidikanwa.
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