Tese tinogara tichinzwa nezvehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Asi kune mamwe marudzi emabhakitiriya atisingataure zvakawanda nezvawo, asi anogona kukonzera mamwe matambudziko ehutano, kunyanya kune vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba. Nhasi, tichataura nezveboka remabhakitiriya anowanzogara munzvimbo, asi dzimwe nguva anopinda mumiviri yedu achikonzera hutachiona.
Chii chinonzi NTM iyi?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, NTM ipfupiso yeNontuberculous Mycobacteria . Iri iboka remabhakitiriya. Ungave wakambonzwa nezvechirwere cherurindi nemaperembudzi. NTM iboka remabhakitiriya ane hukama nemabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere izvozvo, asi haakonzeri zvirwere izvozvo zviviri.
Mabhakitiriya aya anogona kuwanikwa chero kupi zvako munharaunda. Anogara zvakanyanya muvhu, guruva, nemvura. Kazhinji, kunyangwe mabhakitiriya aya akapinda mumiviri yedu, hatizorwari. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu, kunyanya avo vane masoja ekudzivirira muviri asina simba, vanogona kutapukirwa.
Ndedzipi nhengo dzemuviri dzinogona kukanganiswa nehutachiona hweNTM?
- Mapapu: Rudzi rwehutachiona hunonyanya kuwanikwa hutachiona hwemapapu.
- Ropa
- Mapfupa (muchidimbu, mapfupa)
- Kuzvimba kwemasero emudumbu (lymph nodes)
- Ganda nenyama yakapfava
Kazhinji, munhu ane hutano hwakanaka ane dziviriro yemuviri haawanzo batwa nechirwere kunze kwemapapu. Zvisinei, kune munhu ane dziviriro yemuviri isina simba, chirwere ichi chinogona kupararira (kupararira) mumuviri wese.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweNTM?
Kune zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinowanzoonekwa zvehutachiona hweNTM. Zvisinei, sezvo zviratidzo izvi zvichigona kuonekwawo mune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda, kuvapo kwezviratidzo izvi chete hazvirevi kuti une hutachiona hweNTM.
Zvinhu zvakajairika ndeizvi:
- Fivha iri kuuya
- Kuneta
- Kuderedza huremu
- Manodhi elymph akazvimba
Kuwedzera kune zviratidzo izvi zvakajairika, zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogonawo kuoneka zvichienderana nenzvimbo yehutachiona. Ngationei kuti chii.
| Nzvimbo yehutachiona | Zviratidzo chaizvo zvinogona kuonekwa |
|---|---|
| Ganda | Marwadzo, kutsvuka, kuzvimba, maronda kana maronda, mapundu. |
| Mapfupa nemajoini (Musculoskeletal) | Kurwadziwa kwemajoini uye kuomarara kwemajoini. |
| Mapapu | Kukosora (dzimwe nguva ropa richibuda mumukaka), kutadza kufema. |
Utachiona hweNTM hunoitika sei?
Sezvatakambotaura, utachiona uhwu huri munharaunda yedu, saka kune nzira dzakawanda dzatingahupinza nadzo mumiviri yedu.
- Kuburikidza nemvura: Nekunwa, kugeza, kana kugeza nemvura ine mabhakitiriya eNTM.
- Nekufema: Nekufema mabhakitiriya ari munharaunda. Njodzi iyi yakanyanya kukwira kune munhu ane chirwere chemapapu.
- Kuburikidza nemichina yekurapa: Kuburikidza nemimwe michina yekurapa inopinzwa mumuviri (semuenzaniso, machubhu akadai semutsetse wepakati wetsinga) kana michina yekuvhiya.
- Kuburikidza netsono: Kuburikidza netsono dzakasviba dzinoshandiswa kubaya zvinodhaka, kubaya zvinodhaka, kana kuisa matattoo.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti mabhakitiriya aya apinde mumuviri wokonzera zviratidzo. Saka, zvinogona kuoma kuziva kuti wakawana kupi uye sei hutachiona.
Izvi zvinotapurirana here kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu?
Kwete. Utachiona hweNTM hahuwanzotapuriranwa kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe. Saka, hahuonekwe sechirwere chinotapuriranwa.
Ndiani ari panjodzi huru?
Kunyangwe hutachiona uhu hwakatikomberedza, havasi vese vanorwara. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekubata chirwere ichi.
| Chinhu chine njodzi | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Kusasimba kwemuviri wekudzivirira muviri | Kana uine HIV, kenza, kana chimwe chirwere chinopedza simba remuviri wako. |
| Mishonga inodzvinyirira masoja emuviri | Kana uri kutora mishonga inodzvinyirira immune system. |
| Chirwere chemapapu chagara chiripo | Kana uine zvirwere zvemapapu zvakaita se cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, asthma kana emphysema. |
| Zvishandiso zvinopinzwa mumuviri | Kana uine machubhu mumuviri wako (semuenzaniso central venous line, breathing tube, feeding tube). |
Pamusoro pezvo, vakadzi vane low body mass index (BMI) nezvimwe zvirwere zvakaita seGERD (acid reflux disease) uye scoliosis vari panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa nezvirwere zveNTM zvemapapu.
Unoona sei izvi, Chiremba?
Nekuti zviratidzo zvehutachiona hweNTM zvakafanana nezvimwe zvirwere, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinodiwa kuti dziongororwe nemazvo. Chiremba achatevera matanho aya:
1. Kubvunza nezvezviratidzo zvako: Tichanyatsoteerera kuti tizive nezvekusagadzikana kwako.
2. Kuongorora nhoroondo yehutano hwako: Kubvunza nezvezvimwe zvirwere zvaunazvo nemishonga yauri kutora.
3. Kusabatwa nezvimwe zvirwere: Iva nechokwadi chekuti hauna zvimwe zvirwere zvakajairika kana zvirwere.
4. Kuongororwa kwakakosha: Muenzaniso weropa, nyama, kana sputum unotumirwa kunoongororwa murabhoritari ('culture') kuti utarise mabhakitiriya eNTM.
Kuongororwa kwezvirwere
- X-ray yechipfuva
- Kuongororwa kweCT
- Bronchoscopy: Nzira yekuvhiya mapapu nekamera inopinzwa mumapapu kuti iongororwe.
- Kuongororwa kwemuviri: Kutora chidimbu chidiki chenyama kubva panzvimbo ine hutachiona kuti chiongororwe.
- Kuongororwa kweAcid-fast bacilli: Kuonekwa kwemycobacteria mu sputum, ropa, kana tissue sample.
Nzira chete yekuziva kana uine hutachiona hweNTM ndeyekuona chiremba woongororwa zvinodiwa. Haugone kuzvionera wega.
Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?
Kurapa hutachiona hweNTM inzira inotora nguva refu. Vanachiremba vanowanzo nyora musanganiswa wemhando mbiri kana nhatu dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Mishonga iyi ingangoda kutorwa kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri kuti ibvise hutachiona zvachose.
Dzimwe nguva, kuvhiyiwa kungadiwa kubvisa nyama yakakuvara. Pazvirwere zvemapapu, maekisesaizi ekufema uye marapirwo ekubatsira kubvisa madzihwa anokurudzirwawo.
Pane migumisiro yakaipa here yekurapwa kwacho?
Ehe. Kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva yakareba kunogona kukonzera mimwe migumisiro yakaipa. Saka, kana ukaona zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitiki paunenge uchitora mushonga, unofanira kuudza chiremba wako nekukasika.
Migumisiro inogona kuitika:
- Kutadza kunzwa
- Kuchinja kwemaonero
- Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemoyo (`Long QT syndrome`)
- Kukuvara kwechiropa kana itsvo
Unofanira kutsvaga mazano ekurapa rini?
Kana uine chirwere chemapapu, masoja emuviri asina simba, wakavhiyiwa, kana kuti wakaisirwa mudziyo wekurapa mumuviri wako, bvunza chiremba wako nezvezviratidzo zvinogona kukonzera hutachiona. Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvinofungirwa, usanonoka kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba.
Unofanira kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) riini?
Kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvinotevera, enda kuchipatara kuEmergency Department (ETU) nekukasika.
| Chiratidzo chakakomba | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Fivha yakanyanya | Kana fivha iri pamusoro pe40 degrees Celsius (103 Fahrenheit). |
| Kuomerwa zvakanyanya kufema | Kana zvakaoma kufema. |
| Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva | Kana uine kurwadziwa kwakanyanya pachipfuva. |
| Kuvhiringidzika | Kana uine ndangariro dzisina kunaka, kushaya ndangariro yenzvimbo kana nguva. |
| Kutapukirwa kweronda | Kana nzvimbo yekuvhiyiwa kana ronda ratsvuka, rakazvimba, richirwadza, kana kuti risingapore. |
Ndingazvidzivirira sei kubva kuhutachiona uhwu?
Kana uine chirwere chemapapu kana kuti muviri wako usina simba rekudzivirira chirwere, unogona kuderedza njodzi yako nekudzivisa nzvimbo dzine mabhakitiriya eNTM akajairika.
- Dzivisa kushandisa machubhu emvura inopisa: kunyanya ari munzvimbo dziri mukati, dzakavharirwa.
- Dzivisai zvinopfapfaidza zvine mhute inotonhora: Deredza kushandiswa kwezvinopfapfaidza zvine madonhwe madiki anogona kufemedzwa.
- Chenjerera paunenge uchishanda nevhu: Pfeka chifukidziro chemaziso nemagurovhosi, kunyanya paunenge uchishanda nevhu rekushongedza.
- Dzivisa kutora matattoo: Pane njodzi yekutapukirwa nekushandisa michina yakasviba.
Utachiona hweNTM chirwere chisingawanzoitiki. Asi kana ukabatwa nacho, kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunogona kutora nguva. Saka zvakakosha kuva nemoyo murefu. Inwa mushonga wako sezvawakarairwa nachiremba wako, kwenguva yakazara. Udza chiremba wako nezvekusagadzikana kwaunonzwa panguva yekurapwa.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- NTM rudzi rwemabhakitiriya asingakonzeri TB kana maperembudzi, asi anogara munharaunda (ivhu, mvura).
- Utachiona uhwu hahuwanzo pfuudzwa kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe.
- Vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba uye avo vane chirwere chemapapu vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nezvirwere zveNTM.
- Zviratidzo zvakaita sekukosora, fivha, kuneta, uye kudzikira kwehuremu zvinogona kuitika, uye bvunzo dzechiremba dzakakosha kuti chirwere chiongororwe nemazvo.
- Kurapwa kunoda mwedzi yakawanda yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, uye zvakakosha zvikuru kutevedzera mazano echiremba.
- Kana zviratidzo zvakakomba zvikaitika, unofanira kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yechipatara nekukasika.
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