Fungidzira kunhuhwirira kwechikafu chinonaka chinobva mukicheni, kunhuhwirira kwemaruva ari kutunga muchivanze, kana kunhuhwirira kwemvura itsva ichinaya pasi... Kunhuhwirira uku kunowedzera sei muhupenyu hwedu? Kumwe kunhuhwirira kunotidzosera ndangariro dzekare, kumwe kunotinyevera nezvengozi. Saka, wakambozvibvunza here kuti tinowana sei kugona uku kunoshamisa, kugona kunhuhwirira? Gamba guru riri shure kwezvose izvi itsinga yedu yekunhuhwirira, kana kuti ``Olfactory Nerve''. Nhasi, ngatitaurei nezvetsinga iyi diki asi inokosha zvikuru.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi tsinga yekunhuhwirira?
Tsinga dzinonhuhwirira ndidzo dzinotanga patsinga gumi nembiri dzinotanga muuropi hwako. Tinodzidaidza kuti tsinga dzemusoro. Saka iyi ndiyo tsinga yemusoro nhamba yekutanga (Cranial Nerve I). Ungashamisika kunzwa kuti iyi ndiyo tsinga pfupi pane dzese dzinonzwa mumuviri wako. Inotangira muuropi hwako yozoguma pamusoro pemhino dzako, mukati.
Basa guru uye rega retsinga iyi nderekupa kugona kunhuwidza. Chero chinhu chine hwema, semuenzaniso ruva, chikafu, bhodhoro rezvinonhuwira, chinoburitsa zvidimbu zvidiki zvisingaonekwe mumhepo. Patinofema, zvidimbu izvi zvinopinda mumhino. Kune masero akagadzirirwa kuona hwema uhwu. Tinoadaidza kuti ma olfactory receptors. Masero aya anotumira ruzivo rwekunhuwidza kwavanenge vaona zvakananga kuuropi kuburikidza netsinga yekunhuwidza. Ndipo apo uropi hunotiudza kuti, "Ah... hwema uhwu huri kubva mubagel" kana kuti "Izvi zvinonhuhwirira semaruva ejasmine."
Maitiro ekunhuhwidza anoitika sei?
Sisitimu yedu yekunhuhwirira inoshanda nenzira mbiri huru.
1. Kuburikidza neMhuno: Patinofema zvakanaka, zvidimbu zvinonhuwa zvinobva munharaunda zvinopinda nemumhino. Zvikamu izvi zvinoonekwa nemareceptor ekunhuhwirira ari pamusoro pemhino. Kufanana nekiyi, kune mareceptor anoenderana nechidimbu chimwe nechimwe chekunhuhwirira. Ndiyo nzira iyo mareceptor aya anoshanda pamwe chete inotibvumira kuona zviuru zvehwema hwakasiyana.
2. Kumashure kwehuro: Paunotsenga chikafu kana kunwa chinwiwa, zvinhu zvinonhuwa zvinobuda muchikafu. Zvinhu izvi zvinofamba zvichikwira pahuro zvosvika kuma receptors ekunhuhwirira ari kumashure kwemhino. Ndosaka dzimwe nguva tichigona kuravira nekunhuhwirira chikafu panguva imwe chete. Kana uine dzihwa uye mhino yako yazara, chikafu chinonaka zvakaipa nekuti nzira iyi yekunhuhwirira yakavharwa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chikamu chikuru chepfungwa yedu yekuravira chinoenderana nekunzwa kwedu kwekunhuwidza. Izvi zviviri zvakabatana zvikuru.
Kamudzira aka kakakosha mukati memhino
Pamusoro pemhino dzedu pane mucous membrane inonzi "Olfactory Mucosa". Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru pakunzwa kwekunhuhwidza. Ine mhando nhatu huru dzemasero:
- Masero ekugamuchira olfactory: Aya ndiwo anoshanda semasensa ekuona hwema hwakasiyana.
- Masero eSustentacular: Aya anopa simba nerutsigiro kune mamwe masero, seanobatsira.
- Masero ekutanga: Aya ndiwo masero 'evana' anogadzira masero matsva ekugamuchira uye masero anotsigira. Masero edu ekunhuhwirira anofa mushure mechinguva, saka masero aya ndiwo anogadzira masero matsva ekuatsiva.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinoitika kana kushanda kwetsinga yekunhuhwirira kukanganisika?
Kana sisitimu iyi yekunhuhwirira ikakanganiswa, matambudziko akasiyana-siyana anogona kuitika. Ungave wakambosangana nechimwe kana kupfuura cheizvi.
| Zita redambudziko (mukurapa) | Zvinoreva zviri nyore |
|---|---|
| Anosmia | Kurasikirwa zvachose nekunzwa kwekunhuhwidza. Mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunzwa kwekunhuhwidza zvachose. |
| Hyposmia | Kushaya kunhuhwidza. Kunhuhwidza hakuna simba uye kuri kure. |
| Parosmia | Kunzwa kunhuhwirira kwakakanganisika . Semuenzaniso, kofi yaunofarira inogona kunhuhwirira serabha yakatsva. Kana kunhuhwirira kwemaruva kunogona kunhuhwirira sechinhu chakaora. |
| Dysosmia / Phantosmia | Kunhuhwirira kwechinhu chisipo . Unogara uchinhuhwirira hwema husina kunaka, senge utsi kana kemikari, kunyangwe pasina chimwe chinhu chiripo. |
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekunzwa kunhuhwidza kushoma kana kurasikirwa?
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa tsinga dzinonhuhwirira. Zvimwe ndezvenguva pfupi, zvimwe ndezvenguva refu.
- Utachiona hweSinus uye polyps dzemhino: Zvinhu zvakaita sedzihwa uye hutachiona hwesinus zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba mukati memhino. Izvi zvinodzivirira mamorekuru ekunhuhwirira kusvika kumareceptor. Polyps dzemhino dzinogonawo kuvhara nzira nenzira iyi.
- Kushandiswa kwefodya: Makemikari anoburitswa nekusvuta fodya nekutsenga fodya anokuvadza masero akapfava anonzwa kunhuhwirira.
- Kusachena kwemazino: Utachiona hwemabhakitiriya mumuromo nematambudziko emazino dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukanganisa kunzwa kwekunhuhwidza.
- Kukuvara kwakanyanya mumusoro: Kukuvara mumusoro, kunyanya kugwinha kwemusoro, kunogona kukuvadza tsinga inonhuhwirira. Mitsinga inopinda nepapfupa rakapfava riri pakati peuropi nemhino inogona kubvaruka.
- Virusi reCOVID-19: Vanhu vazhinji vane coronavirus `(SARS-CoV-2)` vakarasikirwa nekunhuhwidza kwenguva pfupi kana kuti pamwe zvachose. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwemasero anonhuhwidza nemasero anovatsigira nehutachiona.
- Mimwe Mishonga: Mimwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera shanduko mukunhuhwirira semhedzisiro.
- Zvimwe zvirwere: Tsinga inonhuhwirira inogonawo kukanganiswa nezvirwere zvine chekuita netsinga, zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, chirwere cheAlzheimer, chirwere cheParkinson, bundu remuuropi, uye pfari.
- Chepfu nemakemikari ezvakatipoteredza: Kusangana nemakemikari akadai semishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunogonawo kukuvadza masero ekunhuhwirira.
Pane zvatingaita here kuti tizvidzivirire kubva kumatambudziko aya?
Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvatisingakwanise kudzora, zvakaita sebundu remuuropi kana chirwere cheAlzheimer, asi tinogona kuderedza njodzi yacho nekuita zvinhu zvatinogona kudzora.
- Dzivisa kukuvara mumusoro: Pfeka zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakaita sengowani paunenge uchitamba mitambo. Dzivisa mabasa ane njodzi.
- Tora mushonga weCOVID-19: Kubaiwa nhomba kunogona kuderedza kurwara kwakanyanya nematambudziko akafanana nawo.
- Dzivisa kusvuta: Kana uri munhu anosvuta, kurega kunobatsira zvikuru pakunzwa kwako kwekunhuhwidza pamwe chete nehutano hwako hwese.
- Chengetedza hutano hwemuromo wako: Bhura mazino ako netsvina zuva nezuva.
- Zvidzivirire kubva kumakemikari: Kana uchishanda nezvinhu zvakaita semishonga inouraya zvipembenene, pfeka mask.
- Wana kurapwa kwakakodzera kwezvirwere zvako: Kana uine zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, zvakakosha kuti uzvidzore zvakanaka.
Ndinofanira kuona chiremba nguvai?
Kuchinja kwemanzwiro ako ekunhuhwidza dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekutanga chechirwere chakakomba, saka zvakakosha kuziva zvinhu izvi.
Kana ukangoerekana warasikirwa nekunhuhwidza kwako, kana kana kunhuhwidza kwako kuchichinja, usazviregeredza. Zvingave chiratidzo kubva mumuviri wako.
Nguva yekuona chiremba wako:
- Kana ukangoerekana warasikirwa nekunhuhwidza kwako.
- Kana kunhuhwirira kwezvinhu kwachinja uye kuchiita sekunge kwakanganiswa.
- Kana uchigara uchinzwa sekunge unonhuwa zvisina kunaka pasina chikonzero.
Kusateerera zvinhu izvi kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko ekuchengetedza. Ingofunga,
- Ngozi yerudzii ingavepo kana pasina hwema hwekubuda kwegasi?
- Ko kana usina kunhuwidza utsi hwemoto?
- Ko kana ukadya chikafu chapera, chakaora chisina kunhuhwidza?
Saka, kunzwa kunhuhwidza hakusi kungonhuhwidza kwatinoita chete, kunokoshawo zvikuru kuti tichengetedzeke. Kana uine dambudziko rakadaro, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba wako kuti akupe mazano. Iye achakwanisa kuziva chiri kukonzera izvi uye achakuendesa kunorapwa kwakakodzera.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Tsinga inonhuhwirira itsinga yakakosha inobva muuropi iyo inotipa kugona kunhuhwirira.
- Kunzwa kunhuhwidza kwakakosha zvikuru pakunzwisisa kwedu kuravira uye kuchengetedzeka.
- Kunzwa kwekunhuhwidza kunogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, kubva padzihwa kusvika kuCOVID-19, chirwere cheshuga, uye kukuvara mumusoro.
- Kana ukaona shanduko, kudzikira, kana kukanganiswa kwenzwi rako rekunhuhwidza, usazviregeredza uye enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika.
- Kudzivisa kusvuta, kudzivirira musoro wako, uye kutevedzera tsika dzakanaka dzehutano zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira tsinga iyi.

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