Wakambofunga here kuti mitsipa yeropa iri mumiviri yedu yakafanana nemapombi emvura ari mumba? Sezvo nekufamba kwenguva, ivhu nengura zvinoungana mukati memapaipi emvura zvovhara kuyerera kwemvura, zvinhu zvakaita semafuta nemafuta zvinogonawo kuungana mukati memitsipa yedu yeropa zvovhara kuyerera kweropa. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti `Endarterectomy`, kuvhiyiwa kwekuchenesa mitsipa yeropa yakadaro yakavharika. Nhasi, tichataura nezvazvo nemashoko akareruka.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi Endarterectomy?
Endarterectomy (inodudzwa kuti en-da-te-rek-to-me) inzira yekuvhiya yekuvhurazve tsinga dzakavharika kana dzakatetepa. Munzira iyi, vanachiremba vanobvisa plaque , mafuta akakora, calcium, uye plaque yakaungana mukati metsinga dzako.
Kufanana nekuchenesa tsvina iri mupombi yemvura uye kubvumira mvura kuti iyerere zvakanaka zvakare, mushure mekuvhiyiwa uku, kutenderera kweropa mutsinga dzeropa kunodzoserwa. Izvi zvinoderedza zvikuru njodzi yezvirwere zvine njodzi zvakaita sekugwamba kweropa uye sitiroko .
Kuvhiyiwa uku kunowanzoitwa sekurapa chirwere chinonzi atherosclerosis. Apa ndipo apo plaque inoungana mukati metsinga dzeropa, zvichiita kuti dziome zvishoma nezvishoma uye dzitete. Kuvhiyiwa uku kunowanzo kurudzirwa kune vane zviratidzo, vane mwero uye vane tsinga dzakavharika.
Kune zvirwere zvikuru zviviri zvinorapwa nekuvhiyiwa uku:
- Chirwere chePeripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Uku kuunganidzwa kweplaque mutsinga dzinopa ropa kumakumbo kana maoko. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti makumbo ako arwadziwe paunofamba, maronda apore zvishoma nezvishoma, uye dzimwe nguva kutofa kwenyama (gangrene).
- Chirwere cheCarotid Artery: Ichi chirwere chakakomba. Chinokonzerwa nekuungana kweplaque mutsinga mbiri huru dziri mumutsipa dzinotakura ropa kuenda kuuropi. Kana dzikasarapwa, dzinogona kukonzera sitiroko kana kurwiswa kweischemic kwenguva pfupi (TIA).
Ndeapi marudzi ekuvhiyiwa kwe endarterectomy?
Rudzi rwekuvhiyiwa runosiyana zvichienderana nekuti tsinga yeropa yakavharika mumuviri wako kupi. Tarisa tafura iri pazasi kuti izvi zvive nyore kwauri.
| Rudzi rwekuvhiyiwa | Kuchenesa tsinga yeropa uye tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Kuvhiyiwa kweCarotid Endarter | Kuchenesa tsinga dzinotakura ropa kuenda kuuropi kubva kumativi ese emutsipa. Iyi ndiyo mhando inonyanya kuwanikwa. |
| Kubviswa kweEndarter yevakadzi | Kuchenesa tsinga huru (tsinga dzemudumbu) dzinobva pahudyu kusvika kumakumbo. |
| Kuvhiyiwa kweAortic neIliac Endarterectomy | Kuchenesa tsinga huru dzeropa dziri mudumbu (mudumbu) nenzvimbo dzechiuno (muhudyu). |
| Kuvhiyiwa kweEndarter muCoronary | Kuchenesa tsinga dzemwoyo dzinopa ropa kumoyo pachawo. |
| Kuvhiyiwa kweEndarter yeMapupa | Kubvisa magwamba eropa ekare kubva mutsinga dzinotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa kashoma. |
Ndinofanira kugadzirira sei ndisati ndavhiyiwa?
Chiremba achaita bvunzo dzinoverengeka kuti aone kuti tsinga yako yeropa yakavharwa zvakadii.
- Doppler Ultrasound: Izvi zvinoshandisa mafungu eruzha kuona pakavharwa mitsipa yeropa uye huwandu hweropa riri kuyerera.
- CT Angiography: Muizvi, mvura yakakosha (dhayi yekuenzanisa) inopinzwa mutsinga iri muruoko rwako, uye CT scan inoshandiswa kutora mufananidzo wetsinga dzeropa dzako dzine mativi matatu (3D).
- Angiography: Mukuita uku, mvura yakakosha inopinzwa zvakananga mutsinga yeropa uye mifananidzo yeX-ray inotorwa.
- Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA): Inoshandisa magineti nemasaisai eredhiyo kutora mifananidzo yetsinga dzeropa.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiremba wako achakupa mirairo yekuti ungagadzirira sei kuvhiyiwa. Ungakumbirwa kuti urege kutora mimwe mishonga kwenguva pfupi, yakadai semishonga inobvisa ropa mumuviri (anticoagulants). Dzimwe nguva, ungakumbirwa kuti utange kutora mishonga yakaita seaspirin.
Uchafanirawo kutsanya kwemaawa mashoma usati wavhiyiwa. Chikwata chevanorapisa varwere chichakuudza zvekuita chaizvo. Unogonawo kuedzwa senge `Echocardiogram` kana `Stress Test` kuti utarise hutano hwemwoyo wako.
Ndiani asingakwanise kuvhiyiwa uku?
Vamwe vanhu vane mamwe matambudziko ehutano vari panjodzi huru yekuvhiyiwa uku, saka vanachiremba havakurudziri kuti vavhiyiwe. Semuenzaniso:
- Kana uine chirwere chemwoyo chakakomba chisingadzoreki (congestive heart failure).
- Kana wakamborwara nemoyo munguva pfupi yapfuura.
- Kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere chemwoyo zvisingagone kurapwa.
- Kana uine chirwere chakakomba chemapapu chakadai se emphysema kana COPD.
- Kana wakamborapwa nemwaranzi kunzvimbo ichaitirwa kuvhiyiwa.
- Kana paine hutachiona munzvimbo iyoyo.
Asi musazvidya mwoyo. Kunyangwe kune munhu akadai, chiremba dzimwe nguva anoedza kubvisa kuvharika kwacho nekuisa stent mutsinga yeropa, senge atherectomy.
Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa sei?
Uchapihwa mushonga wekuti usazonzwa kurwadziwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Kazhinji, uchapihwa mushonga wekutiza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unenge usina chaunoziva. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva, kunyanya pakuchenesa tsinga dzemutsipa (carotid endarterectomy), unogona kuchengetwa wakamuka uye uchingonzwa kusagadzikana munzvimbo iyoyo (local anesthesia) panguva yekuvhiyiwa nekuti zvinodikanwa kuti utarise mashandiro europi hwako.
Panguva yekuvhiyiwa, chiremba:
1. Kuchekwa kweganda kunochekwa nekucheka ganda pamusoro petsinga yeropa yakavharika.
2. Tsinga yeropa inovhurwa uye jira re'plaque' riri mukati rinobviswa nokungwarira.
3. Tsinga yeropa inosonerwa pamwe chete yovharwa. Dzimwe nguva, kuti nzvimbo iyi isatetepe zvakare, `chigamba` (chigamba) chekugadzira kana chidimbu chetsinga ine hutano chakatorwa kubva kune imwe nhengo yemuviri wako chinoshandiswa kuwedzera nzvimbo yacho zvishoma.
4. Pakupedzisira, ganda rinochekwa rinovharwa uye rinosungirirwa.
Mabhenefiti, njodzi, uye nguva yekupora
Chinhu chikuru chakanakira kuvhiyiwa uku ndechekuti kunosunungura tsinga yeropa yakavharika uye kunodzoreredza kufamba kweropa. Izvi zvinoderedza zvakanyanya marwadzo emakumbo, maronda asingapore, uye kunyanya njodzi yekurohwa nesitiroko. Mhedzisiro yekuvhiyiwa uku inowanzogara kwemakore.
Sekunge kune chero kuvhiyiwa kupi zvako, kune dzimwe njodzi dzinobatanidzwa, asi mukana wekuti izvi zviitike wakaderera.
- Kubuda ropa
- Zvirwere zvemwoyo, zvakaita sekurwadziwa kwemoyo
- Utachiona
- Kukuvara kwetsinga (kazhinji kwenguva pfupi)
- Kutetepa kwetsinga imwe chete yakavhiyiwa
- `Sitiroko`
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekunzwisisa kuti chiremba wako ari kukurudzira kuvhiyiwa uku nekuti mabhenefiti ekuvhiyiwa uku anopfuura njodzi dziripo.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti upore?
Nguva yauchagara muchipatara inoenderana nerudzi rwekuvhiyiwa kwakaitwa.
- Kuvhiyiwa kwetsinga yemutsipa (carotid): rinenge zuva rimwe chete.
- Kune vanovhiya vetsinga dzemakumbo: Mazuva angangoita maviri kusvika mana.
- Kuvhiyiwa kwetsinga yemudumbu (aortic artery): inenge vhiki.
Uchakumbirwa kuti uuye kuzoongororwa mushure memavhiki mana mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kudzokera kubasa mushure mekuongororwa uku. Zvisinei, kana uine basa rinoda kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema, zvinogona kutora mwedzi mumwe kana miviri kuti unyatsopora.
Ndinofanira kufonera chiremba nguvai?
Kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo zviri pazasi mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwako, unofanira kufonera chiremba wako nekukasika kana kuenda kuEmergency Department (ETU) yechipatara chiri pedyo newe.
- Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva
- Kuoma kufema
- Kana uchinzwa fivha kana kuti uine dzihwa
- Kana uchinzwa kusanzwa kana kushaya simba panzvimbo yakachekwa
- Kana paine kuzvimba, kutsvuka, kana mvura yakaita semapundu yakakomberedza nzvimbo yakachekwa
- Kuchinja kwekuona, kutaura kusina kunyatsojeka, kana kurereka kwerutivi rumwe rwechiso
- Kana kuda kurutsa kana kurutsa kukaitika
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Endarterectomy inzira yekuvhiya inobvisa plaque (mafuta akachengetwa) mukati metsinga yeropa uye inochenesa tsinga.
- Kuvhiyiwa uku kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi yezvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita sestroke.
- Usati wavhiyiwa, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinoitwa kuti uone kuti mwoyo wako wavharika zvakadii uye hutano hwemwoyo wako.
- Kunyangwe uku kuri kuvhiyiwa kukuru, inzira yekurapa ine mhedzisiro inobudirira uye inogara kwemakore.
- Zvinotora nguva kuti munhu apore mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Munguva iyoyo, zvakakosha kuti utevedzere mirairo yachiremba nemazvo.
- Kana paine zviratidzo zvine njodzi zvikaonekwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza.
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