Tinonzwa sei? Kushamisa kwenzeve uye rwendo rweruzha (Mechanism of Hearing)

Wakambomira here uchifunga nezvekuti nziyo dzatinoteerera zuva nezuva, mashoko atinotaura neshamwari dzedu, ruzha runotapira rweshiri, nezvimwewo, zvinopinda sei munzeve dzedu uye zvinonzwisiswa nepfungwa dzedu? Zvechokwadi inzira inoshamisa uye yakaoma. Zvakafanana nemashiripiti! Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvekuti nzeve dzedu dzinokosha dzinoshanda sei, nenzira iri nyore, sekuudza shamwari.

Basa guru renhengo diki inonzi nzeve

Nzeve dzedu dzinogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru, sezvinoita makamuri ari mumba. Izvi ndeizvi:

1. Nzeve yekunze

2. Nzeve Yepakati

3. Nzeve Yemukati

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe cheizvi chine basa racho, sezvo ruzha ruchifamba kuenda kuuropi hwedu. Ngationei kuti izvozvo zvinoitika sei.

1. Nzeve Yekunze: Nzira yekupinda ruzha

Paunofunga nezvenzeve, chinotanga kuuya mupfungwa chikamu chinoonekwa kunze? Ndicho chatinodaidza kuti pinna (mukurapa chinonzi `(Pinna)`). Chimiro chepinna iyi chakagadzirwa nemazvo kuti chiunganidze mafungu eruzha kubva munharaunda uye chiatungamire munzeve. Zvakafanana nekuunganidza zviratidzo kubva ku`Satellite Dish`.

Fungidzira, paunotaura neshamwari, mafungu enzwi rako anofamba mumhepo orova dhumhu renzeve remunhu ari kuteerera uye ari kuunganidza.

Mafungu eruzha anounganidzwa nedumbu renzeve anobva afamba nepachivako chidiki chakaita sechubhu chinonzi nzeve canal . Ruzha urwu runofamba nechubhu iyi kusvika pakutanga kwenzeve yepakati. Mugero kwenzeve une zvidimbu zvidiki zvakaita sebvudzi uye magland anogadzira wakisi yenzeve. Izvi zvinodzivirira nzeve kubva kuguruva, zvipembenene zvidiki, nezvimwe zvinhu.

2. Nzeve Yepakati: Panowedzerwa ruzha

Kumagumo kwechubhu yekunzwa kune membrane yakatetepa uye yakapfava. Ndiyo nduru yenzeve (kana kuti `Tympanic Membrane`) yatinoziva tese. Yakafanana neganda redhiramu. Kana mafungu eruzha kubva kunze akarova nduru iyi, inotanga kudedera .

Zvino basa chairo ratanga. Paruzha rwenzeve pane mapfupa matatu madiki mumuviri wedu. Madiki kwazvo, asi anoita basa guru. Mapfupa matatu aya anowanzonzi `(Ossicles)`. Mazita avo ndeaya:

• Malleus - Izvi zvakafanana nenyundo, yakabatana nedumbu renzeve.
• Incus - Iri ipfupa riri pakati, rakabatana nedumbu regedhi neauricle.
• Stapes - Iri ndiro pfupa diki pane ese mumuviri. Rakaita seshangu yebhiza.

Kana dhumhu renzeve richidedera, kudedera kunotanga kwaenda kumaossicles, kwozoenda kumastapes, uye pakupedzisira kuauricle. Mapfupa matatu aya akabatana, achiita senzira diki yekukwevera, zvichiwedzera kudedera kubva kudhumhu renzeve.Inotumirwa munzeve yemukati. Kuwedzerwa uku kwakakosha zvikuru, nekuti nzeve yemukati ine mvura. Kuti kudedera kunouya nemumhepo kupfuure nemumvura, kunofanirwa kunge kwakasimba.

Pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha munzeve yepakati. Ndiyo Eustachian Tube . Iyi ingori chubhu diki yakabatana nechekumashure kwehuro medu. Wakambonzwa here sekunge nzeve dzako dzairira pawaikwira gomo kana kubhururuka mundege, wobva wamuka kamwe kamwe neruzha rusinganzwisisike rwekuti 'click'? Ndizvo zvinoitwa nechubhu iyi yeEustachian panguva iyoyo. Patinovhura miromo yedu tomedza, chubhu iyi inovhurika nekuvharika kuti ienzanise kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kumativi ese eardrum. Ndipo apo eardrum inogona kudedera zvakasununguka uye nemazvo.

3. Nzeve Yemukati: Apo ruzha runoshandurwa kuita zviratidzo zvemagetsi

Ma "stapes" ari kumagumo enzeve yepakati, anobatanidzwa kune nhengo diki iri mukati mezeve inoita sehozhwa. Inonzi cochlea . Mukati mayo mune mvura yakakosha uye zviuru zvemaumbirwo akanaka kwazvo, akafanana nebvudzi anonzi masero ebvudzi .

Kana mafungu ekudzungudza akawedzera (`Vibrations`) kubva munzeve yepakati achipinda nemumvura iri mukati mecochlea, masero iwayo ebvudzi anomutswa. Sezvinoita kana mafungu apinda mumvura, zvirimwa zviri mumvura zvinofamba. Kana masero aya ebvudzi achifamba, chinhu chinoshamisa chinoitika: kuti kudzungudza kwemuchina (`Mechanical Vibration`) kunova zviratidzo zvemagetsi (`Electrical Signals` kana `Nerve Impulses`)!

Masero ebvudzi ari mukati me cochlea akakosha zvikuru. Anouya nehurefu hwakasiyana, semakiyi ari papiyano. Sezvo kiyi yega yega ichiburitsa ruzha rwakasiyana, masero aya ebvudzi anonzwawo ma frequency akasiyana. Kureva kuti, rimwe boka rinopindura manzwi akakwirira (senge ruzha rwekurira) uye rimwe boka rinopindura manzwi akaderera (senge ruzha rwengoma). Dhizaini iyi haishamise here?

Pamusoro pekunzwa, nzeve yemukati inewo chikamu chinodzora kuenzana kwedu ('Vestibular System'). Asi sezvo tiri kutaura nezvekunzwa nhasi, tichataura nezvazvo zvakadzama gare gare.

Rwendo rwenzwi kuenda kuuropi nekunzwisisa kwaro

Zvino kwava nechikamu chakakosha. Masaini emagetsi anogadzirwa nemasero ebvudzi iwayo anoenda zvakananga kuuropi hwedu kuburikidza netsinga yakakosha inonzi `Auditory Nerve` . Uropi hune nzvimbo yakakosha yakatsaurirwa kunzwa (iyo `Auditory Cortex`).

Uropi hunoongorora zviratidzo zvemagetsi izvi zvinouya uye hunotipa kugona kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakaita sekuti, 'Oh, iri izwi raamai vangu,' 'Iri ndiro rwiyo rwangu rwandinofarira,' 'Pane imbwa iri kuhukura panze, handizivi kana paine chakaipa.' Fungidzira, zvese izvi zvinoitika mumasekonzi mashoma, munguva pfupi!

Kwete izvozvo chete, nekuti tine nzeve mbiri, uropi hunogonawo kuziva kuti ruzha rwuri kubva kupi. Ndihwo hunosarudza kana ruzha rwuri kunzwika zvine ruzha rukuru kana kuti rwakapfava zvishoma munzeve imwe.

Sei zvichikosha kuti tinzwe?

Izvi hazvisi zvinhu zvinoshamisa kutaura.

• Kutaurirana: Tinotaurirana nevamwe uye tinonzwisisa zvavanotaura nekuteerera.
• Kudzidza: Kuteerera kwakakosha pakudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, kungave kuchikoro kana kubasa.
• Kunakidzwa: Kuteerera rwiyo runonakidza kunoita kuti ufare, kunakidzwa nehurukuro mufirimu, uye kuzvinyaradza nekuteerera ruzha runotapira rwezvisikwa (shiri dzichiimba, mapopoma) zvese zvine chekuita nekuteerera.
• Kuchengetedzeka: Patinonzwa ruzha rwemotokari iri kuuya tiri mumugwagwa, tinoponeswa kubva mutsaona, uye kana paine moto mumba medu, tinonyeverwa neruzha rwe "Fire Alarm". Panyaya iyi yese, kushanda zvakanaka kwenzeve dzedu kwakakosha zvikuru.

Ungachengeta sei nzeve dzako?

Tinofanira kutarisira nzeve dzedu, idzo dzinokosha uye dzakaoma kunzwisisa, handiti? Kana tikachengeta zvinhu zvidiki, tinogona kuchengetedza kunzwa kwedu kwakanaka kwenguva yakareba.

• Dzivisa ruzha rukuru: Hazvina kunaka kuteerera mimhanzi ine ruzha rukuru kana kuteerera mahedhifoni ane ruzha rukuru kwenguva yakareba . Kana uchishanda munzvimbo dzine ruzha rukuru, dzakadai semafekitori kana nzvimbo dzekuvaka, pfeka dziviriro munzeve. Nekuti kugara kwenguva refu uchinzwa ruzha rukuru kunogona kukuvadza masero ebvudzi akapfava atakataura nezvawo, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nekunzwa zvachose.
• Usaise zvinhu munzeve dzako: Usaise zvinhu zvakapinza zvakaita sematanda, machira edonje, makiyi, kana mapini munzeve dzako kuti uzvichenese. Kuita izvi kunogona kusundidzira wakisi yenzeve mukati uye kukanganisa nzira yenzeve kana dhumhu renzeve. Wakisi yenzeve inowanzobuda yega. Kana uchinetseka zvakanyanya kana kunzwa sekunge nzeve yako yavharika, ona chiremba kuti akupe mazano.
• Chengeta nzeve dzako dzakaoma: Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuwana hutachiona (semuenzaniso, Otitis Externa kana Swimmer's Ear) kana mvura ikapinda munzeve dzavo pavanenge vachigeza kana kushambira. Zvakanakisisa kuti vanhu vakadaro vashandise ma "earplugs". Mushure mekugeza, pukuta zvinyoro nyoro divi renzeve nechikamu chekunze chakakomberedza nzeve wobva waichengeta yakaoma.
• Ngwarira hutachiona hwenzeve: Kana uine kurwadziwa kwenzeve, mvura inobuda munzeve yako, kurasikirwa nekunzwa, kurira kwenzeve dzako nguva dzose (`tinnitus`), kana dzungu, usazviregeredza. Enda kuna chiremba nekukasika wonorapwa. Humwe hutachiona hwenzeve dzepakati (`Otitis Media`) hunogona kuva hwakakomba kana hukasarapwa nemazvo.
• Kuongororwa kwakakodzera kwechiremba: Zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita seDiabetes Mellitus neHypertension zvinogona kukanganisa kunzwa. Zvakare, mimwe mishonga (Ototoxic drugs) inogona kukuvadza nzeve. Saka, kana uine zvirwere zvakadaro, chengetedza kudzora kwakakodzera uye tevera mirairo yachiremba wako.

Muchidimbu (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Zvakanaka, saka tataura zvakawanda nhasi, handiti? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nzeve dzedu nhengo yakaoma uye inoshanda zvinoshamisa.

Mafungu eruzha anounganidzwa nenzeve yekunze, anowedzerwa nenzeve yepakati, oshandurwa kuita masaini emagetsi munzeve yemukati, uye anotumirwa kuuropi kuburikidza netsinga yekunzwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira yatinoziva, kunakidzwa, uye kunzwisisa manzwi akasiyana-siyana ari munyika ino.

Pamwe wava kunzwisisa kukosha kwehunyanzvi uhwu hunoshamisa kwatiri muhupenyu. Saka, chengetedza nzeve dzako uye dzichengetedze. Nekuti, kunzwa kwakanaka kwakakosha zvikuru kuti uve nehupenyu hwakanaka uye hunofadza. Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo nezveizvi, usatya kutaura nachiremba.

Nzeve, Kunzwa, Nzira Yokunzwa