Hausi iwe waunofunga kuti ndiwe here? Ngatitaurei nezvehunhu hwakaipa

Tose tine hunhu hwedu, kureva hunhu hwedu hwakasiyana, mafungiro edu, uye maitiro edu. Izvi ndizvo zvinotisiyanisa nevamwe, zvinoita kuti tive zvatiri. Asi dzimwe nguva, mamwe maitiro akadzika, ekare muhunhu hwemunhu anogona kuita kuti hupenyu huve hwakaoma kwavari uye kune avo vakamupoteredza. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti chirwere chehunhu . Ichi chirwere chepfungwa.

Chii chinonzi Hunhu Hwako?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, dambudziko rehunhu iboka remaitiro anogara kwenguva refu, ane matambudziko munzira iyo munhu anofunga, anoratidza manzwiro ake, anozvibata, uye ane hukama nevamwe ayo anopindira muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Maitiro aya anogona kukonzera kushungurudzika kukuru kumunhu, kana kuita kuti zvimuomere kushanda zvakanaka mubasa rake, mumhuri, kana muhukama hwake nevamwe.

Funga nezvazvo nenzira iyi, kune vamwe vanhu vanogara vachifungira vamwe, vanonzwa sekunge munhu wese ari kuedza kuvakuvadza. Kune vamwe vasingade kubatanidzwa nevamwe chero nenzira ipi zvayo, uye vanosarudza kuva vega mukutambudzika kwavo. Zvinhu izvi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva hunhu hwakajairika, asi kana zvakanyanya, zvinogara kwenguva refu, uye zvichikanganisa zvese zvehupenyu hwavo , zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere chehunhu.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere ichi havazivi kuti pane dambudziko nemaitiro avo kana mafungiro avo . Vanofunga kuti vamwe vanhu ndivo vane mhosva, kana kuti nyika ndiyo dambudziko.

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvehunhu izvi?

Bhuku reDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), bhuku rinotungamirirwa nevanoongorora pfungwa nepfungwa, rinoratidza marudzi gumi ezvirwere zvehunhu. Izvi zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu makuru, zvichibva pane hunhu hwakajairika hwezvirwere muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.

Chikamu A: Mafungiro kana maitiro asina kujairika uye asinganzwisisike

Vanhu vari muchikamu ichi vanogona kunge vaine mafungiro nemaitiro akajairika uye akaoma kunzwisisa kune vamwe.

• Dambudziko reParanoid Personality: Chinhu chikuru mune izvi iparanoia , zvinoreva kufungira vamwe uye kusavimba navo pasina chikonzero chine musoro. Vanogara vachifunga zvinhu zvakaita sekuti, "Vamwe vari kuedza kundikuvadza, kundidzikisira pasi, kundityisidzira." Fungidzira, kune mumwe munhu muhofisi mako, anogara achifunga kuti vamwe vari kumuitira makuhwa uye vari kuedza kukanganisa basa rake. Asi muchokwadi, handizvo zvazviri.

• Dambudziko reSchizoid Personality: Vanhu ava havafariri kushamwaridzana nevamwe uye vanosarudza kugara kure navo.Vanowanzoda kuva vega, vari vega. Havawanzoratidza manzwiro avo pavanenge vachitaura nevamwe. Vanogona kuita semarobhoti asina manzwiro.

• Dambudziko reSchizotypal Personality: Vanhu ava vanonetsekawo nekuchengetedza hukama hwepedyo, uye vangasava nechido chakawanda chekuita izvozvo. Zvisinei, vanogonawo kuva nemaonero asina kunaka pamusoro penyika, mashura, uye maitiro asinganzwisisike . Vanogona kutenda kuti vane masimba akakosha kana kuti vanogona kuverenga pfungwa dzevamwe vanhu.

Chikamu B: Maitiro anoshamisa, asingachinjiki, uye asina kugadzikana

Vanhu vari muboka iri vanowanzova nepfungwa dzakapinza, vanochinja-chinja, uye vane maitiro asingachinji . Mafungiro avo anowanzo chinja kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe.

• Dambudziko reAntisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD): Vanhu ava havaremekedze vamwe uye havana hanya nemitemo inogamuchirwa munharaunda. Vangangoda kutyora mitemo uye kukuvadza vamwe mumuviri kana mupfungwa . Havadi kuzvidavirira nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvavo, uye havana hanya nekukuvadza kunoita zviito zvavo kune vamwe. Kubva paudiki, vanogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvekushungurudza vamwe vana, kushungurudza mhuka, kureva nhema, uye kuba.

• Dambudziko reBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Dambudziko guru reizvi nderekunetseka kudzora manzwiro . Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanozviona sevasina hanya, vanochinja-chinja mafungiro avo, vanoita zvinhu vasina kufunga, uye vanoomerwa nekuchengetedza hukama hwavo. Vanogona kuda mumwe munhu zvakanyanya pane imwe nguva, vozomuramba zvakasimba pane imwe nguva inotevera.

• Dambudziko reHistrionic Personality: Vanhu ava vanewo manzwiro akasimba, asina kugadzikana uye mufananidzo wakashata wekuzviona . Kuzviremekedza kwavo kunobva pakutenderwa nevamwe. Havanzwi vachizvikoshesa zvechokwadi. Vane chishuwo chakasimba chekukwezva kutariswa nevamwe . Vanogona kuzvibata nenzira dzinokatyamadza, dzimwe nguva dzisina kukodzera, kuti vabudirire.

• Dambudziko reUnhu Hwekuda Kuzvikudza: Vanhu ava vane pfungwa yekuva pamusoro pevamwe. Vanoda kurumbidzwa nekuyemurwa zvakanyanya kubva kune vamwe . Havanawo tsitsi nemanzwiro evamwe. Zvisinei, zviri shure kwemaitiro aya zvinogona kunge zviri kuzviona sevasina maturo uye kushaya chivimbo mavari.

Chikamu C: Kunetseka kwakanyanya uye maitiro ekutya

Vanhu vari muchikamu ichi vanowanzo sangana nekutya kukuru uye kuzvidya mwoyo .

• Dambudziko reUnhu Rinodzivisa:Vanhu ava vanogara vachinzwa kusakosha. Vanonyanya kutya kushorwa kana kurambwa nevamwe. Kunyangwe vachida kushamwaridzana nevamwe, vanodzivisa kushamwaridzana nevamwe nekuda kwekutya kurambwa zvakanyanya .

• Dambudziko reKuzvimirira: Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuda kudzivirirwa nguva dzose kubva kune vamwe. Vanoratidzawo kuzviisa pasi, kuda rutsigiro nguva dzose, uye kutadza kuita sarudzo. Vanowanzova pedyo nevamwe uye vanoedza nesimba kuti vavafadze. Vane tsika yekunamatira kune vamwe uye vanotya kuparadzana.

• Dambudziko reObsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD): Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuda kukuru uye kwakanyanya kwekuda kuti zvinhu zvese zvive zvakanaka, zvakakwana, uye zvichidzorwa . Hapana kuchinjika zvachose. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kunonoka pakupedza mabasa kana kukanganiswa. Izvi zvinogonawo kukanganisa hukama.

Zvakakosha: Izvi zvakasiyana nechirwere chekushushikana chinonzi Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) . Vanhu vane OCD vanowanzoziva kuti maitiro avo anokonzerwa neOCD uye kuti vanofanira kuchichinja. Zvisinei, vanhu vane OCPD havazivi zvakawanda nezvemaitiro avo.

Dzimwe nguva munhu anogona kunge aine zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehunhu hunopfuura humwe.

Ndiani anonyanya kukanganiswa nemamiriro aya ezvinhu?

Kutaura zvazviri, munhu wese anogona kuva nechirwere chehunhu. Zvisinei, marudzi akasiyana ezvirwere zvehunhu anokanganisa vanhu vakasiyana zvakasiyana.

Matambudziko mazhinji ehunhu anotanga mumakore ekuyaruka , apo hunhu hwako huchiri kukura uye huchikura. Nokudaro, vanhu vazhinji vanoonekwa vaine dambudziko rehunhu vanenge vapfuura makore gumi nemasere. Pane chimwe chinhu chakasiyana neizvi, icho chinonzi Antisocial Personality Disorder. Vanhu vanosvika 80% vane dambudziko iri vanotanga kuratidza zviratidzo pavanosvika makore gumi nerimwe.

Dambudziko rekusawirirana nevanhu rinowanzobata varume. Matambudziko eborderline, histrionic, uye dependency personality akaonekwa kuti anowanzobata vakadzi.

Matambudziko ehunhu akajairika zvakadini?

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vakuru vekuAmerica vanosvika 9% vane dambudziko rehunhu, uye vanhu vanosvika 6% pasi rose vane dambudziko rehunhu.

Panguva iyi, borderline personality disorder (BPD) uye antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) ndiwo matambudziko anowanzoonekwa seasina hunhu .

Sei matambudziko aya ehunhu achiitika? Ndezvipi zvinokonzera?

Matambudziko ehunhu chirwere chisinganyatsonzwisiswi munyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa. Masayendisiti achiri kuedza kutsvaga kuti chii chinokonzera izvi.

Parizvino vanotenda kuti zvinhu zvinotevera zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ehunhu:

• Majini: Masayendisiti akaona jini rinofungidzirwa kuti rinobatanidzwa mukusagadzikana kwehunhu (OCPD). Vari kuferefetawo kana paine hukama hwemajini nehunhu hunogona kunge hwakabatana nekusagadzikana kwehunhu, hwakadai sekutsamwa, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kutya.

• Kuchinja kwehuropi: Vaongorori vakawana shanduko dzisinganzwisisike muhuropi hwevanhu vane mamwe matambudziko ehunhu. Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zveparanoid personality disorder zvakaratidza shanduko mukushanda kwechikamu cheuropi chinonzi amygdala . Amygdala chikamu cheuropi chinogadzira zvinhu zvinotyisa uye zvinotyisidzira. Vaongorori vakawana kudzikira kwehuwandu hwefrontal lobe muvanhu vane schizotypal personality disorder.

• Kushungurudzika kwevana: Imwe ongororo yakawana hukama huripo pakati pezviitiko zvinoshungurudza muhudiki nekukura kwezvirwere zvehunhu. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane dambudziko rehunhu hwemuganhu vane huwandu hwakakwira hwekushungurudzwa pabonde kwevana. Vanhu vane dambudziko rehunhu hwemuganhu uye husina hukama nevanhu vane matambudziko ekuchengetedza hukama hwepedyo uye kuvimba nevamwe. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nekushungurudzwa kwevana uye kutambudzika.

• Kushungurudzwa nemashoko: Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti vanhu vaishungurudzwa nemashoko vachiri vana vaiva nekatatu mukana wekuva nepfungwa dzisina kunaka, kuda kuzvirumbidza, kusada magariro evanhu, kana kuti kutya vanhu pavanenge vakura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugara uchinzwa zvinhu zvakaita sekuti "hausi munhu akanaka" uye "haugone kuita chero chinhu" zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya.

• Zvinhu zvine chekuita netsika: Zvinhu zvine chekuita netsika zvinogonawo kuita basa, sezvinoratidzwa nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvirwere zvehunhu pakati penyika dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, nyika dzakadai seTaiwan, China, neJapan dzine huwandu hwakaderera hwezvirwere zvehunhu zvisina hukama nevanhu. Dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwezvirwere zvehunhu hweCluster C (kushushikana uye kutya).

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere chehunhu?

Kune mhando gumi dzezvirwere zvehunhu, imwe neimwe iine zviratidzo zvayo zvakasiyana. Zvisinei, kazhinji, vanhu vane zvirwere zvehunhu vanogona kusangana nematambudziko akadai se:

• Kuzivikanwa uye kunzwa semunhu: Vanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu havawanzova nemufananidzo wakajeka kana kuti unogara uripo. Maitiro avanozviona anochinja nguva dzose zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu kana vanhu vavainavo. Kuzviremekedza kwavo kunogona kunge kwakakwira kana kuderera zvisinganzwisisike. Funga nezvazvo, kune vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti ndivo vanhu vakanakisisa pasi rose, uye zuva rinotevera, vanofunga kuti hapana mumwe akaipa kupfuura ivo.

• Hukama:Vanhu vane hunhu husina kunaka vanoomerwa nekuvaka hukama hwepedyo uye hwakagadzikana nevamwe nekuda kwezvitendero zvavo nemaitiro avo akaoma. Vanogona kushaya tsitsi neruremekedzo kune vamwe, kuva kure nemanzwiro avo, kana kutarisira kutariswa zvakanyanya nerubatsiro kubva kune vamwe.

Chimwe chiratidzo chehunhu hwevanhu ndechekuti vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere ichi havanyatsozivi kana kuti havazivi kuti mafungiro avo nemaitiro avo zvine dambudziko rakadii.

Ungaziva sei kana mumwe munhu aine dambudziko rehunhu?

Hazvigoneki kuziva zvechokwadi kana munhu aine dambudziko rehunhu hwake kusvika aongororwa nachiremba .

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa izvi: mhando dzehunhu uye matambudziko ehunhu zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana . Kungoti mumwe munhu anoti anonyara uye anoda kuva ega hazvirevi kuti ane dambudziko rehunhu risingadzivisike kana kuti schizoid personality disorder.

Musiyano uripo pakati pemaitiro ehunhu nedambudziko rehunhu unogona kuonekwa nekuongorora kuti hunhu hwemunhu hunokanganisa sei zvikamu zvakasiyana zvehupenyu hwake. Izvi zvinhu ndeizvi:

• Jobho
• Ukama
• Manzwiro
• Kuzvizivisa
• Kuziva chokwadi
• Maitiro uye kudzora mafungiro asina kunaka

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvemunhu ane dambudziko rehunhu zvinosanganisira:

• Maitiro avo haawanzoitiki, uye zvinogona kuva chiitiko chinoshungurudza uye chinovhiringidza kune vadikanwi vavo nevamwe vanobata navo.
• Vanogona kushaya kunzwisisa nzira dzechokwadi uye dzinogamuchirika dzekubata vamwe uye kuzvibata navo.
• Vangave vasingazive kuti maitiro avo ari kukonzera matambudziko kwavari kana kune vamwe.
• Kana vari vabereki, maitiro avo ekurera vana anogona kunge ari ekure, ekurwadziwa zvakanyanya, ekushungurudza, kana asina hanya. Izvi zvinogona dzimwe nguva kukonzera matambudziko emuviri, epfungwa, kana emanzwiro kuvana vavo.

Izvi zvinoonekwa sei?

Matambudziko ehunhu akaoma kuona nekuti vanhu vazhinji vane dambudziko rehunhu havafungi kuti pane chakaipa nemaitiro avo kana mafungiro avo.

Nekuda kweizvi, vanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu havawanzo tsvaga rubatsiro rwechirwere chavo kana kuongororwa. Asi, vanotumirwa kunyanzvi yehutano hwepfungwa nehama dzavo kana sangano rekubatsira vanhu nekuti maitiro avo anonetsa vamwe.

Kunyangwe vakatsvaga rubatsiro, imhaka yezvirwere zvakaita sekuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, kana kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kunaka, kana matambudziko anokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwehunhu hwavo, sekurambana kana kurasikirwa nebasa, kwete nekuda kwechirwere chacho pachacho.

Vanopa hutano vanoongorora chirwere chehunhu chakati zvichienderana nezvinodiwa muAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Kana chiremba wepfungwa kana chiremba wepfungwa achifungidzira kuti mumwe munhu ane dambudziko rehunhu, vanowanzo bvunza mibvunzo yakawanda kuti vawane chokwadi pasina kuisa munhu wacho pakudzivirira kana kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa. Mibvunzo yavanobvunza inogona kujekesa zvinotevera:

• Nhoroondo yekare
• Ukama
• Nhoroondo yebasa rekare
• Kuedzwa kwechokwadi
• Kudzora kuvhunduka

Nekuti munhu anofungidzirwa kuti ane dambudziko rehunhu angasaziva nezvemaitiro ake, nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinowanzo shanda nemhuri yemunhu wacho, shamwari, uye/kana mapurisa eparole kuti vawane rumwe ruzivo nezvemaitiro ake nenhoroondo yake.

Matambudziko ehunhu anowanzo ongororwa zvishoma nekuti vanachiremba dzimwe nguva vanonyanya kutarisa zviratidzo zvakaita sekuzvidya mwoyo kana kuora mwoyo, izvo zvinonyanya kuwanikwa muvanhu vakawanda kupfuura matambudziko ehunhu. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuvharidzira zviratidzo zvechirwere chehunhu chiripo.

Kurapa sei? (Kurapa)

Matambudziko ehunhu ndechimwe chezvirwere zvakaoma kurapa mukurapa kwepfungwa. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ndechekuti vanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu havafungi kuti maitiro avo ane dambudziko, saka havawanzo kutsvaga kurapwa.

Kunyangwe kana munhu akatsvaga kurapwa kwechirwere chehunhu, mishonga yemazuva ano ichiri nesarudzo shoma dzekurapa. Parizvino hapana mishonga inotenderwa kurapa chero chirwere chehunhu . Zvisinei, kune mishonga inogona kubatsira nezviratidzo zvakaita sekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa nevanhu vane chirwere chehunhu.

Zvisinei, psychotherapy, kana kuti talk therapy, inogona kubatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko ehunhu. Psychotherapy izwi rekuti nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurapa dzinokubatsira kuona nekushandura manzwiro ako, pfungwa, uye maitiro ako ane matambudziko. Kushanda nenyanzvi yehutano hwepfungwa, senge chiremba wepfungwa kana chiremba wepfungwa, kunogona kukupa iwe nemhuri yako rutsigiro, dzidzo, uye nhungamiro.

Zvinangwa zvikuru zve psychotherapy mukurapa matambudziko ehunhu ndeizvi:

• Kurerukirwa nekukasika kwekuzvidya mwoyo, zvakadai sekuzvidya mwoyo uye kuora mwoyo.
• Kuita kuti munhu anzwisise kuti matambudziko ake ari mukati make kwete kuti anokonzerwa nevamwe vanhu kana mamiriro ezvinhu.
• Kuderedza maitiro asina kunaka uye asina kunaka.
• Kuchinja hunhu hwemunhu kunokonzera matambudziko.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekurapa kwepfungwa, uye dambudziko rega rega rehunhu rinoda nzira dzakasiyana.

Semuenzaniso, zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti,Kurapa Maitiro Ekutaura (DBT) kwakaratidzwa kuti kunoshanda pakurapa vanhu vane dambudziko rehunhu hwemunhu. Saizvozvowo, vanhu vane dambudziko rehunhu hwemunhu hwehistrionic vanowanzobatsirwa neKurapa Kwemaitiro Ekuziva (CBT) .

Chii chinonzi fungidziro yechirwere ichi?

Maonero evanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu haana kunaka, sezvo vanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu vasingawanzo tsvaga mazano akakodzera ekurapa.

Zvirwere zvehunhu zvisina kurapwa zvinogona kukonzera zvinhu zvakaita se:

• Hukama husina kusimba.
• Matambudziko ane chekuita nebasa.
• Kusashanda zvakanaka kwevanhu munharaunda.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti matambudziko ehunhu anobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwakanyanya hwe:

• Kushaya mabasa.
• Kurambana.
• Mhirizhonga mudzimba.
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka.
• Kushaya pekugara.
• Mhosva (kunyanya kusagadzikana kwehunhu hwevanhu).

Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu vane huwandu hwakakwira hwekushanya kuchipatara (ED) , vane mukana wekupinda mutsaona dzinoshungurudza, uye vane mukana wakakura wekufa nekukurumidza nekuzviuraya.

Kunyange hazvo mamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kutarisira varwere pamwe chete kunogona kuvandudza mhedzisiro kana vanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu vakatsunga kurapwa .

Kana uchifunga kuti mumwe munhu waunoziva ane kana kuti angave aine chirwere chehunhu, edza kumukurudzira kuti atsvage kurapwa. Zvakakoshawo kuti uzvidzidzise nezvehunhu hwechirwere chacho. Izvi zvichakupa pfungwa iri nani yezvaunotarisira.

Zvinetso zvehunhu zvinogona kudzivirirwa here?

Parizvino, hapana nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira matambudziko ehunhu. Zvisinei, matambudziko mazhinji anokonzerwa nawo anogona kuderedzwa nekurapwa . Kutsvaga rubatsiro nekukurumidza kana zviratidzo zvaonekwa kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwehupenyu hwemunhu, mhuri, uye hushamwari.

Chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kutaura

Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva aine zviratidzo zvehunhu hwakaipa sezviri kutaurwa munyaya ino, ndapota tsvaga rubatsiro . Aya ndiwo matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa. Hapana chekunyara nacho, chekutya, kana chekuvanda nacho. Dzimwe nguva tese tinoda rubatsiro.

Yeuka, matambudziko ehunhu zvirwere zvepfungwa. Sezvakaita zvirwere zvepfungwa, kutsvaga rubatsiro kana zviratidzo zvangoonekwa kunogona kubatsira kuderedza kukanganiswa kwehupenyu hwako. Nyanzvi dzehutano hwepfungwa dzinogona kukupa hurongwa hwekurapa kuti dzikubatsire kudzora mafungiro ako nemaitiro ako.

Nhengo dzemhuri dzevanhu vane matambudziko ehunhu dzinowanzosangana nekushushikana, kuora mwoyo, kusuruvara, uye kusurukirwa. Zvakakosha kutarisira hutano hwepfungwa dzako uye kutsvaga rubatsiro kana uine zviratidzo izvi . Hausi wega.

Matambudziko ehunhu , hutano hwepfungwa, maitiro ehunhu, kuora mwoyo, kurapwa, psychotherapy, hunhu