Ungave wakambonzwa nezveBlack Death mumabhuku enhoroondo nemafirimu. Panguva iyoyo, mamiriyoni evanhu muEurope neAsia vakafa nechirwere ichi. Chirwere ichocho chakaipisisa chakakonzera chatinodaidza kuti Denda nhasi. Asi musazvidya mwoyo, hachina kuwanda sezvachaiitika panguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, chirwere ichi hachina kubviswa zvachose panyika. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuziva nezvechirwere ichi chine njodzi.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi denda iri?
Denda chirwere chakakomba chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi `Yersinia pestis` (Y. pestis) . Chirwere chinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu. Kutaura chokwadi, chirwere ichi chinowanzo pararira kana nhata ikaruma mhuka, senge gonzo, ine bhakitiriya iri, uye nhata iyoyo ikauya yokuruma.
Kana utachiona uhwu hwapinda mumuviri wako, pane mhando nhatu huru dzedenda, zvichienderana nekuti rinogara kupi mumuviri. Ngationgororei imwe neimwe zvakadzama.
Mhando nhatu huru dzedenda
Fungidzira kuti mabhakitiriya (`Y. pestis`) apinda mumuviri wako. Kwaanoenda mumuviri wako ndiko kunotema rudzi rwedenda raunowana.
| Rudzi rwedenda | Nhengo yemuviri yakakanganiswa | Tsananguro |
|---|---|---|
| Denda reBubonic | Manodhi elymph | Rudzi urwu ndirwo runonyanya kuwanikwa uye rune mukana wekuti rupore kana rukarapwa. Rimwe kana akawanda ma lymph nodes anozvimba zvinorwadza. Mapundu aya akazvimba anonziwo "bubos." |
| Denda reSepticemia | Sisitimu Yekutenderera Kweropa (Kuyerera Kweropa) | Dambudziko iri rinoitika kana mabhakitiriya akapinda muropa zvakananga. Izvi zvinogona kuparadza nyama, kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita seronda, uye kutungamira kukundikana kwenhengo dzemuviri. |
| Denda rePneumonic | Mapapu | Urwu ndirwo rudzi rusingawanzoonekwi uye rune njodzi zvikuru. Runoitika kana mabhakitiriya asvika mumapapu. Rwakafanana nedzihwa, uye runogona kupararira kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe kuburikidza nekukosora nekuhotsira. |
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti, kunze kwechirwere chemapapu, mamwe marudzi maviri haawanzo kutapuriranwa nyore nyore kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe. Zvisinei, chirwere chemapapu chinogona kutapuriranwa nekukurumidza.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere chedenda?
Pamusoro pezviratidzo zvechirwere chedenda, kunewo zviratidzo zvakananga zvichienderana nerudzi rwatakurukura.
Zviratidzo zvakajairika
- Fivha yakakwira kamwe kamwe
- Kudedera nekuda kwechando
- Musoro wakakomba uye kurwadziwa kwemuviri
- Kuneta kwakanyanya uye kushaya simba mumuviri
- Dzungu
- Kusvotwa, kurutsa, uye manyoka
Zviratidzo zvakananga zvichienderana nerudzi
- Bubonic plague: Rimwe kana akawanda ma lymph nodes ari pedyo nenzvimbo yakarumwa (senge muhapwa, muhudyu, kana mutsipa) anorwadza zvikuru uye anozvimba. Izvi zvinogona kuita semapundu makuru.
- Denda reSepticemic: Kurwadziwa kwemudumbu, kubuda ropa mumhino, muromo, kana pasi peganda. Dzimwe nguva, nyama munzvimbo dzakadai seminwe, maoko, netsoka dzinofa dzoita dema (ronda rinobonda).
- Pneumonic plague: Kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kukosora kwakanyanya, uye manyoka ane ropa kana mvura inobuda.
Kunyange zvazvo mifananidzo yekare ichiratidza varwere vane denda vane maronda mumuviri wavo wese, ichi hachisi chiratidzo chedenda. Zvinowanzoitika kuti idambudziko rimwe chete, rakadai sesmallpox. Chiratidzo chikuru chedenda iri kuzvimba kwemalymph nodes (buboes).
Chirwere ichi chinotapuriranwa sei?
Sezvatakambotaura kare, kune nzira dzakawanda huru dzinoshandiswa nehutachiona hweY. pestis kupararira kuvanhu.
1. Kubva kunhata: Iyi ndiyo nzira huru. Nhata inoruma mbeva kana mhuka ine chirwere setsindi inogona kukutapurira chirwere ichi.
2. Kubva zvakananga kumhuka dzine utachiona: Chirwere ichi chinogona kutapuriranwa kana mvura kana nyama yemhuka ine utachiona (mhenyu kana yakafa) ikapinda mumuviri wako nepaburi kana ronda paganda rako.
3. Kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe: Izvi zvinonzi Pneumonic Denda.Kumunhu ane chirwere ichi chete. Mumwe munhu anogona kuwana chirwere ichi nekufema madonhwe anobuda paanokosora kana kuhotsira.
Yeukai kuti, kwete makonzo chete, asiwo makonzo akaita semakwinya, nguruve dzemugungwa, imbwa, katsi, mhembwe, nengamera zvinogona kutapurira nekuparadzira chirwere ichi.
Chiremba anoongorora sei chirwere ichi? Ndezvipi zvinorapwa?
Kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere chedenda, kunyanya kana wakambogara munzvimbo ine nhata dzinogona kuruma, kana kuti une lymph node (bubo) yakazvimba inorwadza, unofanira kuona chiremba nekukasika. Udza chiremba wako zvinotevera:
- Wakamboenda kunzvimbo yakashumwa kuti ine denda here munguva pfupi yapfuura?
- Unofungidzira kuti une inda here?
- Wakambobata mhuka inogona kunge ine chirwere here?
Kuti asimbise chirwere ichi, chiremba wako achatumira sampuro yeropa rako, sputum, kana mvura inobva mu lymph node yakazvimba kuenda kurabhoritari kuti aongorore kuvapo kwebhakitiriya reY. pestis.
Kurapa
Chirwere chePlague chirwere chinoda kurapwa nekukasika. Kana kurapwa kukagona kutanga mukati memaawa makumi maviri nemana kubva pakutanga kwezviratidzo, mikana yekupora yakanyanya.
Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa pakuita izvi. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu, chiremba wako anogona kusarudza kutanga kurapwa asina kumirira mhinduro dzebvunzo. Mishonga iyi inogona kupihwa netsinga (IV) kana semapiritsi. Mishonga inowanzo shandiswa inosanganisira `Ciprofloxacin`, ` Doxycycline (Doxycycline ) `,`Gentamicin`.
Kana ukapihwa mushonga, unotanga kunzwa zviri nani muvhiki imwe chete kana maviri. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora mavhiki akati wandei kuti ma lymph nodes (buboes) akazvimba apore. Usambofa watora mhando idzi dzemishonga usina kupiwa mazano nachiremba.
Ungazvidzivirira sei kubva kuchirwere chedenda?
Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira izvi ndeyekugara kure nenhata nemhuka dzingave nechirwere ichi.
- Chengeta nzvimbo yakachena: Bvisa mirwi yehuni nemirwi yemarara uko mhuka dzakadai semakonzo netsindi dzinogona kuvanda.
- Usape mhuka dzesango chikafu: Usasiye chikafu chemhuka dziri panze. Chinogona kukwezva mhuka dzesango.
- Zvidzivirire kubva kunhata: Kana uri kuenda kunzvimbo dzesango, shandisa mushonga wezvipembenene une DEET.
- Chengetedzai mhuka dzenyu: Bvunzai chiremba wemhuka nezvekurapa imbwa yenyu kana katsi yenyu nenhata.
- Chenjerera pakubata mhuka:Kana uchifanira kubata mhuka inorwara kana yakafa, iva nechokwadi chekupfeka magirovhosi.
- Musarega mhuka dzenyu dzichibuda: Kana muchigara munzvimbo ine denda, musarega mhuka dzenyu dzichibuda panze.
Kana uine kakufungira kuti wakambobatwa nechirwere ichi, taura nachiremba wako nekukasika wobvunza kana uchifanira kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kudzivirira chirwere ichi kuti chisatange.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Denda chirwere chakakomba, asi ikozvino chisingawanzoitiki, chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya reYersinia pestis .
- Kune mhando nhatu huru dzedenda: bubonic, septicemic, uye pneumonic. Pamhando idzi, denda remapumu rinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe.
- Zviratidzo zvikuru ifivha inongoerekana yaitika , kurwadziwa kwemuviri, uye maronda emuviri (lymph nodes) akazvimba zvinorwadza.
- Sezvo ichi chirwere chine njodzi, zvakakosha zvikuru kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba kana zviratidzo zvangoonekwa. Zvinokurudzirwa kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yechipatara chiri pedyo.
- Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kurapa chirwere ichi zvinobudirira, asi kurapwa kunofanira kutanga nekukurumidza.
- Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira izvi ndeyekuzvidzivirira kubva kunhata nemhuka dzinogona kutakura chirwere ichi.
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