Mufaro wekuunza mwana achangoberekwa kumba hautsananguriki, handiti? Asi dzimwe nguva, pamwe chete nemufaro iwoyo, pane dzimwe nguva kutya kunouya mupfungwa. Chero amai kana baba vaizonetseka kana vakaona kuti miromo yemwana wavo neminwe yavo zvaive zvebhuruu zvishoma. Kana vakaona chimwe chinhu chakadai, zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nechirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvePulmonary Atresia , chirwere chemwoyo chakakomba asi chinorapika.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi Pulmonary Atresia?
Izvi zvinganzwika sekunge zvakaoma, asi ngatizvichengetedzei zviri nyore. Mwoyo yedu yakaita seimba diki ine makamuri mana. Basa guru remakamuri maviri ari kurudyi rweimba iyi (atrium yekurudyi neventricle) kuunganidza ropa "rakasviba" rakapera oxygen sezvarinofamba mumuviri wese, uye kuritumira kumapapu kuti richeneswe.
Ropa rinotumirwa kumapapu kuburikidza netsinga huru yeropa inonzi Pulmonary Artery . Pakutanga kwetsinga iyi yeropa, kune vharuvhu inoshanda semusuwo. Tinoidaidza kuti Pulmonary Valve . Kana suo iri ravhurwa, ropa rinopinda mumapapu.
Zvino fungidzira, chii chinoitika kana gonhi iri, vharuvhu yemapapu, risingaumbwe pakuzvarwa, kana kuti rikavharwa zvachose? Ndiyo mamiriro atinodaidza kuti Pulmonary Atresia .
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, gedhi guru rinotumira ropa rine mweya kubva pamwoyo kuenda kumapapu rinovharika kubva pakuzvarwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ropa rine ruvara rwebhuruu rinotenderera mumuviri wese risingakwanise kuwana mweya.
Ichi chirwere chisingawanzoitiki. Kunyangwe munyika yakaita seAmerica, mwana mumwe chete pavana 6,700 vanoberekwa ane chirwere ichi.
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvemwoyo zvinogona kuonekwa nechirwere ichi
Mwana ane pulmonary atresia anogona kunge aine mamwe matambudziko emwoyo akawanda pamusoro pedambudziko guru iri.
- Rutivi rwerudyi rwemoyo rwusingakure zvakanaka: Ventricle yekurudyi, iyo inopomba ropa kuenda kumapapu, uye vharuvhu yetricuspid iri pamusoro payo inogona kusakura zvakanaka uye kuva diki.
- Buri riri mumoyo: Kazhinji, mwana ane buri diki (Foramen Ovale) pakati pemakamuri maviri epamusoro (atria) emwoyo kana ari mudumbu. Izvi zvinovhara mushure mekuzvarwa. Zvisinei, mune vamwe vacheche, buri rinogona kuramba rakavhurika. Uyewo, panogona kunge paine buri riri mumadziro pakati pemakamuri maviri epasi (ventricles) emwoyo (Ventricular Septal Defect - VSD). Buri iri rinobvumira ropa rine oxygen shoma kusangana neropa rine oxygen yakawanda.
Unoziva sei kana mwana wako ane chirwere ichi? Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvePulmonary Atresia zvinowanzotanga kuonekwa mukati memaawa mashoma ekutanga kana mazuva mushure mekuzvarwa. Chiratidzo chikuru uye chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeichi:Chirwere chinonzi cyanosis .
Izvi zvinoreva kuti miromo yemwana, zvigunwe zvemaoko, nezvigunwe zvinoita sebhuruu nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni muropa. Ruvara urwu rwebhuruu ndosaka vamwe vanhu vachidana chirwere ichi kuti "blue baby syndrome."
| Chiratidzo | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Ganda rebhuruu (Cyanosis) | Kuchinja kweruvara rwebhuruu kana rwepepuru kwemiromo, minwe, uye pasi penzara. |
| Kuoma kufema | Kufema nekukurumidza, kufema zvakaoma (Dyspnea). |
| Kuneta kusingawanzoitiki | Mwana haana kana simba rekuyamwisa, uye anogara achirara. |
| Kuomerwa nekunwa mukaka | Kuramba kunwa mukaka nekuti zvinokunetsa kana wanwa zvishoma. |
| Ganda rinotonhora, rinotonhora | Paunobata nhengo dzemwana, dzinonzwa kutonhora uye kunamira, sekunge ziya. |
| Kuchema/kusagadzikana nguva nenguva | Mwana wacho ari mukusagadzikana uye anogara achichema pasina chikonzero. |
Sei izvi zvichiitika? Zvinokonzera uye zvinhu zvinoisa njodzi
Chikonzero chaicho chechirwere ichi hachisati chazivikanwa . Kukanganisika kwemoyo uku kunoitika mukati memavhiki masere ekutanga ekukura kwemwana mudumbu. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanikwa zvichiwedzera njodzi.
- Zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemajini: Njodzi yacho yakakura kana mumwe munhu mumhuri aine chirwere chemwoyo chaakaberekwa nacho kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemajini (semuenzaniso chirwere cheDiGeorge).
- Hutano hwaamai panguva yekuzvitakura:
- Kusvuta panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Chirwere cheshuga hachidzorwi nemazvo.
- Kushandisa mimwe mishonga (mishonga inorwisa utachiona) isingakodzeri kushandiswa panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nevabereki:
- Kuva nechirwere chemwoyo chakaberekwa nacho mumubereki mumwe chete.
- Zera rekuberekwa rakakwirira.
Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei chirwere ichi nemazvo?
Kazhinji, zvirwere izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mwana asati aberekwa, kureva kuti, kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwakaitwa panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Munguva yekuzvitakura: Kana chiremba aine kusava nechokwadi nezvemoyo wemwana panguva yekuongororwa kwemoyo (ultrasound), achakutumira kuti unoongororwa kunonzi fetal echocardiogram . Izvi zvinoita kuti mashandiro emoyo wemwana uye chimiro chake zvionekwe zvakajeka.
- Mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa: Kana chiremba akanzwa ruzha rusina kujairika (heart murmur) paanoteerera moyo wemwana, kana kana mwana ari bhuruu, chirwere ichi chinofungidzirwa. Zvadaro, bvunzo dzinoverengeka dzinoitwa kuti dzisimbise chirwere chacho.
| Bvunzo | Izvi zvinoitei? |
|---|---|
| Pulse Oximetry | Chishandiso chidiki chakaita sechitsiko chinosungirirwa pagunwe guru remwana uye chinoyera huwandu hweokisijeni muropa. |
| X-ray yechipfuva | Inopa pfungwa isina kujeka yehukuru, chimiro, uye kuti ropa rinoyerera sei kuenda kumapapu. |
| Kuongororwa kweElectrocardiogram (ECG) | Kushanda kwemagetsi kwemoyo kunoyerwa kuti kuonekwe kana paine kumanikidzwa kwetsandanyama yemoyo kana kana paine mutinhimira usina kujairika. |
| Echocardiogram (Echo) | Iyi ndiyo bvunzo inonyanya kukosha . Yakafanana nekuongorora moyo. Maumbirwo emwoyo, mashandiro emavharuvhu, kufamba kweropa, uye kana paine maburi zvinogona kuonekwa zvakajeka. |
Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?
Chirwere chePulmonary Atresia chinofanira kurapwa nekukurumidza kana chaonekwa. Hachigone kurapwa zvizere nemishonga. Zvisinei, mishonga nedzimwe nzira dzinoshandiswa kuponesa hupenyu hwemwana uye kugadzirisa mamiriro acho kusvika agadzirira kuvhiyiwa. Mhinduro yekupedzisira ndeyekuita maoparesheni akatevedzana .
1. Kurapwa nekukasika (mishonga nemaitiro)
- Kurapa: Mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa, pane tsinga yeropa yakakosha (Ductus Arteriosus) inowanzovharika. Mushonga unonzi Alprostadil unopiwa kuburikidza netsinga (IV) kuti tsinga iyi yeropa irambe yakavhurika. Kana tsinga iyi yeropa yakavhurika, rimwe ropa risina oxygen rinogona kuenda kumapapu kuti riwane oxygen. Iyi mhinduro yenguva pfupi.
- Maitiro Ekuita: Dzimwe nguva, stent inoiswa kuti tsinga yeropa irambe yakavhurika. Kana kuti septostomy inoitirwa kuti buri riri pakati pemakamuri maviri epamusoro emwoyo rikure. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuti ropa rifambe zvakanaka zvishoma.
2. Kuvhiya (kuvhiya)
Rudzi rwekuvhiyiwa kunodiwa nemwana runoenderana nekukura kwerutivi rwerudyi rwemoyo wake uye kana paine maburi mumoyo kana kwete.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kuvhiyiwa uku hakupedzi chirwere chose. Asi, kunodzorera kushanda kwemoyo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, zvichiita kuti mwana ararame hupenyu hwakajairika.
Vana vazhinji vanovhiyiwa mwoyo kwenguva yakareba , izvo zvinoitwa mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana.
1. Kuvhiyiwa kwekutanga (BTT Shunt): Izvi zvinowanzoitwa mukati memazuva mashoma ekutanga mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana. Pano, chubhu diki yekugadzira (shunt) yakabatana nebazi retsinga huru inopa ropa mumuviri, iyo tsinga inotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu. Izvi zvinogadzira nzira itsva yekuti ropa riyerere kuenda kumapapu.
2. Kuvhiyiwa kwechipiri (Kuvhiyiwa kwaGlenn): Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kana mwana ava pakati pemwedzi mina nemisere . Pano, chubhu yakamboiswa inobviswa uye ropa risina oxygen kubva pamusoro pemuviri rinobatana zvakananga nemapapu.
3. Kuvhiyiwa kwechitatu (Fontan Procedure): Iri ndiro danho rekupedzisira rekuvhiyiwa uku. Mwana ari pakati pemakore maviri nemana.Izvi zvinoitwa pakati. Pano, ropa risingade okisijeni rinobva pasi pemuviri rinoendeswawo zvakananga kumapapu.
Kana maoparesheni matatu aya apera, ropa rese remuviri risina oxygen rinoenda zvakananga kumapapu kunotora oxygen, pane kuenda kurudyi rwemoyo.
Chii chinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa?
Nekuti uku kuvhiyiwa kukuru, mwana anofanira kugara muchipatara, muchikamu chevarwere vane chirwere chakanyanya (ICU), kweinenge vhiki imwe kana maviri. Vachada zvinhu zvakaita semuchina wekufema unovabatsira kufema, monitors dzinoongorora mashandiro emoyo wavo, uye mishonga inoderedza marwadzo.
Vamwe vacheche vangasakwanisa kuyamwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, mukaka unopihwa kuburikidza nechubhu yemudumbu. Kunyangwe mushure mekudzokera kumba, unofanira kunyatsoteerera huremu hwemwana wako nekukura kwake.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mwana uyu anofanira kunge achitarisirwa nachiremba wemwoyo kweupenyu hwake hwese . Zvakakosha kuenda kukiriniki kunoongororwa panguva dzakatarwa.
Sezvaunokura, ungangoda kuvhiyiwa kakawanda kana mamwe marapirwo. Zvakare, kuongororwa nachiremba nguva dzose kwakakosha zvikuru nekuti pane njodzi yematambudziko akadai sekushaya simba kwemoyo uye kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwemoyo.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Pulmonary atresia chirwere chemwoyo chakakomba chinokonzerwa nekuzvarwa nacho umo vharuvhu inotakura ropa kubva pamwoyo kuenda kumapapu inovharika.
- Chiratidzo chikuru kuchinja kweruvara rwebhuruu kwemiromo yemwana neminwe (cyanosis). Kutadza kufema zvakanaka uye kusada kunwa mukaka zvinogonawo kuonekwa.
- Dambudziko iri rinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweropa panguva yekuzvitakura kana mwana achangoberekwa.
- Kurapa uku kunoitwa nekuvhiyiwa kwemoyo kwakatevedzana. Kunyangwe izvi zvisingarapi chirwere ichi, zvinopa mwana mukana wekurarama hupenyu hwakanaka.
- Vana ava vanoda kutarisirwa kwehupenyu hwavo hwese uye kuteverwa nachiremba wemwoyo.
- Kana mwana wako aine zviratidzo izvi, usavhunduka wobva waona chiremba nekukurumidza. Kuongororwa kwechirwere nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwakakosha pakuponesa hupenyu hwemwana.
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