Mwana wako mudiki anonzwa kuneta zvakanyanya mushure mekunwa mukaka here? Wakaona here kuti miromo yake, rurimi, neganda rake zvinoshanduka kuita bhuruu? Dzimwe nguva vana vadiki vanorara nekukurumidza kupfuura vamwe vana pavanenge vachimhanya nekutamba. Kunyangwe zvinhu izvi zvingaita sezvakajairika, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kukonzerwa nechirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho. Usazvidya moyo, izvi ndizvo zvatiri kutaura nezvazvo nhasi. Ichi chirwere chine vanhu vazhinji, uye chinogona kurapwa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho?
Tinoti izvi `CHD` muchidimbu. Zvinoreva zviri nyore ndezvekuti kana mwana aberekwa, pane shanduko kana chikanganiso muchimiro chemwoyo wake, ndiko kuti, maumbirwo anoitwa mwoyo. Nekuda kweizvi, ropa harifambi zvakanaka mumoyo.
Fungidzira kuti mwoyo netsinga dzeropa zvinoshanda senzira yemvura mumba medu. Kana paine dambudziko nemapaipi nemavharuvhu, mvura inoyerera, handiti? Ndizvo zvazviri. Kukanganisika uku kunogona kuva kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana.
- Buri riri mumoyo: Buri rekuzvarwa naro mumadziro anoparadzanisa makamuri emwoyo.
- Matambudziko etsinga dzeropa: Mitsinga dzeropa dzakabatana panzvimbo isiriyo, dzakatetepa zvakanyanya, kana kuti ropa riri kuyerera nenzira isiriyo.
- Matambudziko nemavharuvhu emwoyo: Mavharuvhu anodzora kuyerera kweropa haavhurike kana kuvhara zvakanaka.
Zvimwe zvirwere zveCHD zviri nyore kwazvo. Hazvitomboratidzi zviratidzo. Asi zvimwe zvakaoma uye zvinogona kukanganisa hupenyu uye zvinoda kurapwa vachiri vacheche. Dzimwe nguva chirwere ichi chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Asi kune vamwe vanhu, chinowanikwa panguva yehudiki, kuyaruka, kana kukura.
Ndeapi marudzi makuru ezvirwere zvemwoyo?
Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvinoberekwa nazvo zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: chimwe chinoenderana nehuwandu hweokisijeni muropa.
1. Chirwere chemwoyo cheCyanotic Congenital: Ichi chirwere chinoita kuti huwandu hweokisijeni muropa huderere nekuda kwekusagadzikana mumoyo. Izvi zvinoita kuti ganda, miromo, nenzara zviite bhuruu. Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti 'Cyanosis'.
2. Chirwere chemwoyo cheAcyanotic Congenital: Murudzi urwu, mwero weokisijeni muropa wakajairika. Kureva kuti, hapana ruvara rwebhuruu. Asi ropa rinoyerera nepakati pemoyo nenzira isina kujairika.
Ngatitarisei mhando mbiri idzi zvakadzama.
| Rudzi rwechirwere chemwoyo | Chii chiri kungoitika? | Mimwe mienzaniso |
|---|---|---|
| Ruvara rwebhuruu - Cyanotic | Huwandu hweokisijeni muropa hunoenda mumuviri hwakaderera. Izvi zvinoita kuti mwana aite bhuruu. Matambudziko aya anowanzoda kuvhiyiwa. | - Tetralogy yeFallot - Kuchinja kweMitsipa Mikuru - Truncus Arteriosus |
| Acyanotic - kwete bhuruu | Muropa mune okisijeni yakakwana, asi nekuda kwedambudziko rakadai seburi mumoyo kana kutetepa kwetsinga yeropa, kufamba kweropa hakuna kurongeka. | - Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - Chirema cheVentricular Septal (VSD) - Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - Kurwara kwemapapu (Pulmonary Stenosis) |
Yeuka kuti izvi zvinganzwika zvakaoma, asi chiremba wako achakutsanangurira zvese zviri nyore. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuwana chirwere chacho nemazvo.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi?
Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kubva pamunhu kuenda kune mumwe, zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chemwoyo, kuoma kwacho, uye zera remunhu wacho.
Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa muvana vacheche nevana vadiki:
- Cyanosis: Kuchinja kweruvara rwebhuruu kana rwepepuru kwemiromo, rurimi, ganda, uye nzara.
- Kutadza kufema: kufema nekukurumidza, kushaya mweya.
- Kuneta paunenge uchinwa mukaka: Kunyangwe mushure mekunwa mukaka mudiki, mwana anonzwa kuneta, kudikitira, uye anorega kunwa mukaka mushure mechinguva.
- Kugara uchirara: Mwana ane hope dzisinganzwisisike.
- Kurema kushoma: Mwana haasi kuwedzera uremu zvakanaka.
Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa muvana vakuru nevakuru:
- Kukurumidza kuneta panguva yekurovedza muviri: Unonzwa kuneta zvikuru mushure mekumhanya kwenguva yakati kana kukwira masitepisi.
- Kurwadziwa pachipfuva: Kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kunyanya kana uchiita zvemitambo.
- Kufenda: Kurasikirwa nepfungwa kamwe kamwe.
- Kuzvimba: Kuzvimba munzvimbo dzakadai semakumbo, zvitsitsinho, uye dumbu.
- Kugunun'una kwemoyo: Ruzha rusina kujairika rwekuti 'kuchema' runonzwika kubva pamoyo kana chiremba akauongorora ne stethoscope.
Sei izvi zvichiitika? Ndezvipi zvikonzero?
Kutaura zvazviri, zvinowanzova zvakaoma kuwana chikonzero chaicho cheizvi. Zvingangodaro zvichikonzerwa nechiitiko chisingatarisirwi chinoitika mukati memavhiki mashoma ekutanga ekukura kwemwana mudumbu sezvo moyo uchikura. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvakaonekwa zvinowedzera njodzi.
- Zvikonzero zvemajini: Njodzi yacho yakakura kana mumwe munhu mumhuri aine CHD kana chromosome abnormalities dzakadai seDown Syndrome.
- Matambudziko ehutano hwaamai panguva yekuzvitakura:
- Kana amai vasingakwanise kudzora chirwere cheshuga panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Kana amai vaine chirwere chehutachiona chakadai serubella .
- Kusvuta, kunwa doro , kana kusvuta fodya yemumwe munhu panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Kushandisa mimwe mishonga (semuenzaniso, mimwe mishonga yeBP yakakwira, cholesterol yakakwira, uye mapundu) pasina kurairwa nachiremba.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti izvi hazvisi mhosva yemunhu wese. Kana uine pamuviri, zvakakosha kutevedzera zano rachiremba wako uye kurarama hupenyu hune hutano.
Chirwere ichi chinoonekwa sei? Ndedzipi bvunzo dzinoitwa?
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora CHD. Dzimwe nguva inogona kuongororwa mwana asati aberekwa, dzimwe nguva mushure mekuzvarwa, uye dzimwe nguva gare gare muhupenyu.
1. Munguva yekuzvitakura: Kana paine chirwere chemwoyo chikaonekwa panguva yekuongorora `Anomaly Scan`, `Fetal Echocardiogram` inogona kuitwa. Izvi zvinogona kutora mufananidzo wakadzama wemoyo wemwana.
2. Mushure mekuzvarwa:
- Kuongororwa nachiremba: Kana chiremba achiongorora mwana, achaongorora kana mwoyo wake usina kugadzikana (`Heart Murmur`) uye ruvara rwebhuruu.
- Kuongororwa kwePulse Oximetry: Iyi bvunzo iri nyore kwazvo, isingarwadzi. Sensor diki inoiswa pamunwe kana chigunwe chemwana kuti ione huwandu hweokisijeni muropa. Kana huwandu hweokisijeni hwakaderera, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo cheCHD.
3. Miedzo yekusimbisa:
- Echocardiogram (Echo): Iyi ndiyo bvunzo inonyanya kukosha. Yakafanana neultrasound scan. Inoshandisa mafungu eruzha kugadzira mufananidzo wevhidhiyo wemoyo. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uone zvakajeka makamuri emoyo, mavharuvhu, uye kuyerera kweropa.
- Kuongororwa kwemoyo (ECG):Kuongororwa kunonyora mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo. Izvi zvinoongorora kana paine zvisina kumira zvakanaka pakurova kwemoyo.
- X-ray yechipfuva: X-ray yechipfuva inogona kupa pfungwa yehukuru uye chimiro chemwoyo.
- Kugadziriswa kwemoyo: Iyi bvunzo yakaoma zvishoma. Chubhu yakatetepa (catheter) inopfuudzwa nemutsinga iri mugumbo kana ruoko kuenda kumoyo wako, uko kumanikidzwa kuri mukati memoyo wako kunoyerwa uye masampuli anotorwa. Dzimwe nguva, nzira imwechete iyi inogona kushandiswawo kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvidiki.
Inorapwa sei?
Kurapwa kunoenderana nezera remurwere, rudzi uye kuoma kwechirwere chemwoyo. Havasi vese vane CHD vanoda kurapwa. Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvidiki (semuenzaniso, maburi madiki) zvinozovhara zvega nekufamba kwenguva.
Kune nzira dzinoverengeka huru dzekurapa:
- Mishonga: Mishonga inopiwa kubatsira kushanda kwemoyo, kudzora kurova kwemoyo, kudzora BP, uye kubvisa mvura yakawandisa mumuviri.
- Maitiro eCatheter: Pasina kuvhiyiwa, chubhu yakatetepa, senge iri mu 'Cardiac Catheterization', inogona kupfuudzwa nemutsinga yeropa kuti ivhare maburi mumoyo, iwedzere mavharuvhu akamanikana, kana kuwedzera tsinga dzeropa.
- Kuvhiyiwa kweMwoyo Wakavhurika: Zvikanganiso zvakaoma zvinoda kuvhiyiwa kuti zvigadzirwe. Nehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, kuvhiyiwa uku kwakabudirira zvikuru.
- Kuisirwa Mwoyo: Iyi inzira yekupedzisira inongotariswa chete kana moyo wakakuvara zvakanyanya uye usingagone kurapwa neimwe nzira.
Kana mwana wako kana kuti uine CHD, timu yezvekurapa inosanganisira chiremba wemwoyo nachiremba wemwoyo ndivo vachasarudza marapirwo akanakisa.
Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo kana uchirarama nechirwere chepfungwa (CHD)
Nekufambira mberi mune zvesainzi yezvekurapa, nhasi vanhu vanopfuura 90% vane CHD vanorarama kusvika vakura. Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika, hunofadza, uye hune simba. Zvisinei, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoda kutarisirwa muhupenyu hwavo hwese.
- Kuongororwa nachiremba nguva dzose: Kunyangwe mushure mekurapwa, zvakakosha kuti uone chiremba wemwoyo nguva nenguva muhupenyu hwako hwese.
- Mararamiro ane hutano: Kudya zvine mwero, kurovedza muviri kunokurudzirwa nachiremba wako, uye kuchengetedza huremu hwakanaka zvakakosha zvikuru.
- Hutano hweMazino: Mabhakitiriya anokonzerwa nechirwere chemazino anogona kupinda muropa okanganisa mwoyo (endocarditis). Saka nyatso tarisira mazino ako nehutano hwemuromo.
- Kuzivisa vamwe vanachiremba:Kana ukaenda kuna chiremba kana paine chimwe chirwere, iva nechokwadi chekuvaudza kuti une CHD, mishonga yauri kutora, uye chero kuvhiyiwa kwawakaitwa.
- Kubata Pamuviri: Kana mukadzi ane CHD achironga kubata pamuviri, zvakakosha kukurukura nyaya iyi nachiremba wemwoyo nemukadzi pachine nguva.
Unofanira kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) riini?
Kana munhu ane CHD akasangana nechimwe chezviratidzo zvinotevera, muendese kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yechipatara nekukasika.
- Kurwadziwa kwakanyanya pachipfuva
- Kuomerwa zvakanyanya kufema
- Dzungu rakakomba kana kupera simba (musoro wakapfava)
- Ruvara rwebhuruu rwakasiyana paganda kana pamiromo
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho (CHD) chirwere chinowanikwa mumoyo chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Ichi chirwere chinowanzoitika.
- Zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa vachiri vacheche, asi vamwe vanhu vanogona kutanga kuva nezviratidzo gare gare muhupenyu hwavo. Zviratidzo zvikuru kusviba uye kudzikira uremu nekukurumidza.
- Nekuda kwekurapa kwanhasi (mishonga, nzira dzekushandisa catheter, kuvhiyiwa), vanhu vazhinji vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika uye hwakazara.
- Kunyangwe paine chirwere ichi, zvakakosha zvikuru kuramba uchitarisirwa nachiremba wemwoyo kweupenyu hwese.
- Kana mwana wako aine zviratidzo izvi, usavhunduka uye bvunza chiremba wevana kana chiremba wemwoyo kuti akupe mazano. Kana zvikaonekwa nekukurumidza, ndipo panobva pava nemhedzisiro yakanaka.
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