Mwana wenyu anogara akachena uye aneta here? Zvingava Thalassemia here?

Mwana wako mudiki anoita seaneta nguva dzese here? Haamhanye-mhanye achitamba sevamwe vana here? Haadi kudya here? Akambonzwa kucheneruka here? Zvakajairika kuti chero amai kana baba vanzwe kutya zvikuru pavanoona zvinhu zvakadai. Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo izvi zvichiwanzokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, dzimwe nguva panogona kunge paine chirwere chiri shure kweizvi, senge Thalassemia. Saka nhasi, ngatitaurei nezveThalassemia, kuti inokanganisa sei muviri wedu, uye kuti ndeapi marapirwo ayo.

Chii chinonzi Thalassemia chaizvo?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, thalassemia chirwere chinogara nhaka chinokanganisa ropa redu . Hachisi chirwere chinotapuriranwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hachiparadzirwi kubva kune mumwe munhu kuenda kune mumwe sedzihwa. Chinhu chatinogara nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu kuburikidza nemajini edu.

Kuti tinzwisise izvi zviri nani, ngatitangei tataura zvishoma nezvemasero matsvuku eropa ari muropa redu. Funga nezvemasero matsvuku aya sebasa rekutakura okisijeni mumiviri yedu yese. Nzira yebasa iri rekutakura okisijeni, kureva kuti, ngoro inotakura okisijeni, inonzi hemoglobin . Hemoglobin ipuroteni yakakosha inowanikwa mukati memasero matsvuku eropa. Iyi ndiyo inotakura okisijeni kubva mumapapu edu uye inoiparadzira kumasero ese ari mumuviri.

Munhu ane thalassemia haakwanise kugadzira puroteni iyi inonzi hemoglobin yakakwana. Kungofanana nepakagadzirwa mota, kana zvimwe zvikamu zvinodiwa zvisipo kana zvikamu zvisina kunaka zvikashandiswa, mota haizoshande zvakanaka. Izvi zvinokonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa mumuviri. Tinodaidza izvi kuti anemia yemasero matsvuku eropa mashoma.

Saka kana masero ari mumuviri asingawani oxygen yakakwana, haakwanise kugadzira simba raanoda. Ndosaka varwere vane thalassemia vachisangana nezviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana.

Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere ichi?

Kuchinja kwemajini kunokonzera izvi kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakatanga kuitika muvanhu senzira yekudzivirira malaria. Nokudaro, vanhu vane hukama hwemajini nenzvimbo dzine malaria yakawanda, dzakadai seAfrica, kuchamhembe kweEurope, nenyika dziri kuMadokero, Kumaodzanyemba, neEast Asia, vari panjodzi huru yekuva nethalassemia. Sezvo Sri Lanka iriwo nyika yekuSouth Asia, kune vanhu vane thalassemia nevarwere pakati pevanhu vedu.

Chii chinokonzera thalassemia? Ngatinyatsoongororai.

"Ngoro yeoxygen" iyoyo inonzi hemoglobin yandambotaura kare inoumbwa nemacheni mana emapuroteni. Maviri acho anonzi macheni ealpha globin , uye mamwe maviri anonzi macheni ebeta globin .

Tinowana "mirairo" kana "kodhi" yekugadzira cheni idzi kubva kumajini atinotora nhaka kubva kuvabereki vedu. Funga nezvemajini aya seresipi yekugadzira ndiro. Kana paine chikanganiso kana chikanganiso muresipi, ndiro haigone kugadzirwa nemazvo. Saizvozvowo, kana paine chikanganiso kana kushomeka mumajini aya, cheni dzealpha kana beta globin hadzizogadzike nemazvo. Ndipo panoitika chirwere chinonzi thalassemia.

• Alpha globin chains: Izvi zvinoda majini mana kuti zvigadzirwe. Maviri kubva kuna amai uye maviri kubva kuna baba.
• Maketani eBeta globin: Aya anoda majini maviri kuti agadzire. Rimwe kubva kuna amai nerimwe kubva kuna baba.

Rudzi rwe thalassemia rwaunowana runoenderana nekuti ndeipi ye alpha kana beta chains idzi ine gene defect. Kuoma kwechirwere kunoenderana nehuwandu hwemajini asina general.

Ndeapi marudzi makuru e thalassemia?

Thalassemia yakakamurwa kuita mazinga akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere. Kureva, thalassemia trait, thalassemia minor, thalassemia intermedia, uye thalassemia major . Kana uri muchipatara, ungasava nezviratidzo. Kana kuti ungangove uine anemia shoma. Thalassemia major ndiyo chirwere chakanyanya kuoma chinoda kurapwa.

Kune mhando mbiri huru, zvichienderana nekuti chikanganiso chemajini chiri mumaketani ealpha kana beta here.

1. Alpha Thalassemia

Dambudziko iri rinoitika kana paine chikanganiso mune rimwe kana kupfuura emajini mana anogadzira alpha globin chains. Kuoma kwezviratidzo zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwemajini asina chikanganiso. Ngatitarisei izvi nenzira iri nyore kuti tizvinzwisise.

2. Beta Thalassemia

Dambudziko iri rinoitika kana paine chikanganiso mune rimwe kana maviri majini maviri anogadzira beta globin chains (rimwe rinobva kuna amai, rimwe rinobva kuna baba).

• Jini rimwe chete risina kunaka: Chirwere ichi chinonzi beta thalassemia minor kana kuti carrier state. Zviratidzo zvacho hazvina kunyanya kuipa.
• Majini maviri asina kunaka: Zviratidzo zvinogona kubva pakuva pakati nepakati kusvika pakuva zvakanyanya.
• Dambudziko repakati rinonzi Thalassemia intermedia .
• Rudzi rwakanyanya kuipa runonzi beta thalassemia major kana kuti Cooley's anemia . Vanhu ava vanoda kurapwa nguva dzose.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve thalassemia?

Zviratidzo zvaunoona zvinoenderana nerudzi rwe thalassemia yaunayo uye kuoma kwayo.

Hapana zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvisina kusimba

Kana ukangorasikirwa nerimwe chete remajini mana ealpha, pamwe hauzove nezviratidzo. Kana majini maviri ealpha kana gene rimwe rebeta risina kunaka, ungasave nezviratidzo zvachose. Kana kuti ungangove nezviratidzo zvishoma zveanemia, zvakaita sekunzwa kuneta nguva dzese.

Zviratidzo zvepakati (Thalassemia Intermedia)

Vanhu ava vanogona kusangana nezvimwe zviratidzo pamusoro peanemia diki.

• Kukundikana kukura: Kureba neuremu hwemwana hazviwedzere zvichienderana nezera rake.
• Kunonoka kuyaruka.
• Kusagadzikana kwemapfupa:Matambudziko akadai se osteoporosis.
• Chirwai chakakura: Chirwai inhengo iri kuruboshwe rwedumbu redu inobatsira kurwisa hutachiona.

Zviratidzo zvakakomba (Thalassemia Major)

Zviratidzo zvakakomba zvinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sema three alpha gene defects (Hemoglobin H disease) uye beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzotanga kuoneka mwana asati asvitsa makore maviri .

Kuwedzera kune zviratidzo zviri pamusoro apa, unogona kuona zvinotevera:

• Chikafu hachina kunaka.
• Ganda rakachenuruka kana kuti jena (jaundice).
• Weti yakasviba (yakaita setii).
• Kusarongeka kwemapfupa echiso (nekuda kwekukura kwakanyanya kwemapfupa edehenya).

Nzira yekuziva sei chirwere ichi?

Thalassemia iri pakati nepakati uye yakanyanya inowanzoonekwa muhudiki, sezvo zviratidzo zvinotanga kuoneka mukati memakore maviri ekutanga ehupenyu hwemwana. Chiremba wako anogona kuraira kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweropa kuti asimbise chirwere chacho.

• Kuverengwa Kweropa Kwakakwana (CBC): Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwehemoglobin muropa, huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa, uye saizi yawo. Vanhu vane thalassemia vane masero matsvuku mashoma ane hutano uye hemoglobin shoma. Masero matsvuku eropa anogonawo kuva madiki pane akajairwa.
• Kuwanda kwemasero matsvuku eropa: Izvi zvinoyera huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa achangoumbwa. Izvi zvinogona kukupa pfungwa yekuti mupfupa wako uri kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa akakwana here.
• Zvidzidzo zvesimbi: Bvunzo iyi inobatsira kuona nemazvo kana ropa rako rinokonzerwa nekushomeka kwesimbi kana kuti thalassemia.
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Iyi bvunzo inonyanya kukosha pakuongorora beta thalassemia.
• Kuongororwa kwemajini: Kuongororwa uku kunoshandiswa kuongorora alpha thalassemia.

Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa thalassemia?

Mishonga inowanzo shandiswa pakurapa zvirwere zvakakomba zvakaita se thalassemia major ndeyekuisirwa ropa uye kubvisa simbi.

• Kuwedzerwa Ropa: Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, uku kuwedzerwa ropa kwekunze. Ropa rine masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano rinopihwa mumuviri kuburikidza netsinga. Izvi zvinodzorera masero matsvuku eropa ane hutano uye huwandu hwehemoglobin. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ethalassemia (semuenzaniso, beta thalassemia major), kuwedzerwa ropa kunogona kudiwa nguva nenguva, senge mavhiki maviri kusvika mana ega ega .
• Kurapa neIron Chelation:Chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekupa ropa nguva dzose kuwedzera kwesimbi mumuviri. Tinoti iyi iron overload . Iyi iron yakawedzerwa inogona kuungana munhengo dzakakosha dzakadai semwoyo wedu nechiropa uye yodzikuvadza. Nokudaro, vanhu vanogaropiwa ropa vanopiwa mishonga (mapiritsi kana majekiseni) inobvisa iyi iron yakawedzerwa mumuviri.
• Zvikafu zveFolic Acid: Folic acid inopiwa kubatsira muviri kugadzira masero eropa ane hutano.
• Kudyarwa kweBone Marrow neStem Cell: Uku ndiko kurapwa kwega kunogona kurapa thalassemia zvizere . Zvisinei, pakuita izvi, murwere anoda mupi ane hutano anoenderana naye. Kazhinji, ihama kana hanzvadzi. Uku kurapa kune njodzi uye kwakaoma.
• Luspatercept: Uyu mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere unopihwa mavhiki matatu ega ega. Unoshanda nekubatsira muviri kugadzira masero matsvuku eropa akawanda.

Hupenyu hwakaita sei nechirwere ichi? Chinogona kudzivirirwa here?

Kana uine thalassemia minor, unogona kutarisira kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika. Kunyangwe chirwere chako chiri pakati nepakati kana chakakomba, kana ukatevera hurongwa hwekurapa hwakatarwa (kuwedzerwa ropa uye kurapwa kwekubvisa iron) chaizvo, une mukana wakanaka wekurarama hupenyu hurefu.

Chirwere ichi chine majini, saka hatigone kuchidzivirira. Zvisinei, kuongororwa kwemajini kunogona kukubatsira kuona kana iwe kana mumwe wako muine gene rethalassemia. Kuziva ruzivo urwu kwakakosha zvikuru kune vakaroorana vari kuronga kuva nemwana. Taura nachiremba wako kuti uwane mamwe mazano panyaya iyi.

Pakupedzisira, thalassemia chirwere chinorapika. Rudzi rwekurapwa kwaunoda uye kuti unoda kurapwa kangani zvinoenderana nekuoma kwechirwere chako. Zvakakosha kuti uve nehurukuro yakasununguka nachiremba wako nezvechirwere chako uye hurongwa hwako hwekutarisira kwenguva refu.