Unoona ruzha rusina kujairika here kana mwana wako achifema? Zvinoita sekunge kufema kwake kwava kumanikidzwa kana kudziviswa, kunyanya pavanenge vachiyamwisa kana kuchema? Kana kuti pamwe vanotambura nekukosora nedzihwa nguva nenguva? Zvakajairika kuti vabereki vanzwe vachinetseka kana kunetseka pavanoona zviratidzo izvi. Nhasi, kuNirogi Lanka, tinoda kujekesa chirwere chinokonzera zviratidzo izvi chaizvo—chirwere chisingazivikanwe nevanhu vazhinji, asi chinogona kurapwa zvinobudirira nekuongorora chirwere nemazvo uye kutarisirwa kwakakodzera. Tiri kutaura nezveTracheomalacia .
Chii chinonzi Tracheomalacia? Gwaro Rakareruka kubva kuNirogi Lanka
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, tracheomalacia chirwere apo shwashwa iri mupaipi yemhepo (trachea) haina kusimba kana kuti haina kukura zvakanaka. Ungave uchishamisika kuti paipi yemhepo neshwashwa zvayo chii chaizvo.
Funga nezvepaipi yako yemhepo sechubhu yakasimba inotakura mweya kuenda kumapapu ako. Madziro epaipi iyi akatsigirwa nemhete dzekatsi dzakaita seC—matishu akasimba, anochinjika akafanana nechimiro cherabha munzeve dzako. Mhete idzi dzinochengetedza paipi yako yemhepo yakavhurika nguva dzese, dzichiita sepaipi yakasimbiswa isingaputsike kana yamanikidzwa.
Zvisinei, kune munhu ane tracheomalacia—inowanzoonekwa muvacheche—katsi iyi haina kusimba zvakakwana. Ino "remara zvakanyanya." Nekuda kweizvozvo, paunofema, kunyanya panguva yekufema zvakadzama, kuchema, kana kukosora, madziro epaipi yemhepo anowira mukati uye anovhara nzira yekufema. Inoshanda sebharumu risina kuzara mweya; mweya paunopfuura, unodonha zvishoma. Izvi ndizvo zvinokonzera ruzha irworwo uye zvinoita kuti kufema kuve kwakaoma. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, madzihwa anogona kubatwa mumapapu nekuti zvakaoma kubvisa.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichinyanya kuonekwa muvana vachangoberekwa , zvinogona kuitika pazera ripi zvaro. Muvacheche, zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa mukati memwedzi wekutanga kana miviri. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti kuvana vazhinji, pavanokura, shwashwa rinosimba zvechisikigo pazera remakore matatu, uye zviratidzo zvinopera. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvakakomba, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kudiwa.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dze tracheomalacia here?
Ehe, kune mhando mbiri huru:
1. Congenital Tracheomalacia
"Congenital" zvinoreva kuvapo kubva pakuzvarwa. Muzviitiko izvi, shwashwa iri mupaipi yemhepo yemwana haina kukura zvakanaka achiri mudumbu, zvichireva kuti dambudziko iri rinobva panguva yaanozvarwa.
2. Tracheomalacia Yakawanikwa
"Acquired" zvinoreva kuti chirwere chinokura mushure menguva refu nekuda kwezvikonzero chaizvo. Kana paipi yemhepo ikakuvara nekuda kwekukuvara, mamwe maoparesheni, kana kushandisa michina yekufema kwenguva refu, shwashwa inogona kupera simba. Izvi zvinogona kuitika chero pazera ripi zvaro, kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki.
Vamwe vanhu vanogona kushaya simba mumachubhu madiki anobva papombi yemhepo kuenda kumapapu (bronchi). Vanachiremba vanodana chirwere ichi setracheobronchomalacia .
Zvakajairika sei?
Chirwere chetracheomalacia chinoonekwa sechisingawanzoitiki, kunyange chiri icho chinowanzoonekwa sechirema chemudumbu. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chinoitika mumwana mumwe chete pavana 2,100 . Chirwere chetracheomalacia chinotova chisingawanzoitiki.
Zviratidzo zvacho ndezvipi? Unofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro riini?
Chiratidzo chikuru chetracheomalacia ruzha rukuru kana uchifema, runozivikanwa sestridor . Unogona kuona mwana wako achiita ruzha rwekuti "anofema" kana kuti "anochema", kunyanya mushure mekudya kana pavanenge vachichema kana kushungurudzika.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:
- Kuoma kufema kwakanyanya panguva yekuchema, yekudya, kana yekukosora.
- Kunzwa kudzipwa .
- Kukosora kwenguva refu kunoramba kuripo.
- Cyanosis , inova ruvara rwebhuruu paganda, miromo, kana nzara inokonzerwa nekushaikwa kweokisijeni. Iyi idambudziko guru—tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika kana kufonera 911.
- Kuomerwa nekumedza chikafu.
- Inzwi rakashoshoma .
- Zvirwere zvekufema zvinowanzo itika zvakaita sepneumonia kana bronchitis .
- Kushaya mweya .
- Ruzha rwekukwenya kana kufemera kubva pachipfuva.
Kana mwana wako achiratidza zviratidzo izvi, ndapota bvunza chiremba wevana kuti aongororwe nenyanzvi.
Chii chinokonzera tracheomalacia?
Sezvambotaurwa, kune zvikonzero zviviri zvikuru:
Zvikonzero zveCongenital Tracheomalacia:
Izvi zvinoitika kana tsinga yemudumbu ikatadza kuumbwa zvakanaka mwana ari mudumbu, zvichikonzera kuti nyama dzakapfava kana kuti dzisina kukura zvakanaka panzvimbo pekusimbisa muviri zvakasimba.
Zvikonzero zveTracheomalacia:
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukonzera kukura kwechirwere ichi gare gare muhupenyu:
- Chirwere che chronic gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) , apo acid yemudumbu inokwira muhuro uye inotsamwisa nzira yekufema.
- Kukuvadzwa kwepaipi yemhepo, zvichida nekuda kwekuvhiyiwa kana kurapwa.
- Zvirwere zvemapapu zvakaita se emphysema .
- Polychondritis , chirwere chinobata mapfupa emudumbu.
- Matambudziko mushure mekuvhiyiwa kugadzirisa tracheoesophageal fistula (kubatana kusina kujairika pakati pegurokuro nepaipi yemhepo).
- Kushandisa tracheostomy kwenguva refukana chubhu yekufema yakagadzirwa (ventilator).
- Zvirwere zvekufema zvekumusoro zvinogara zvichiitika zvakaita sebronchitis .
Tracheomalacia dzimwe nguva inogona kusanganiswa nezvimwe zvirwere.
- Kunonoka kukura kwemwana.
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (chirwere chemajini chinokanganisa nhengo dzemuviri dzinobatana).
- Zvikanganiso zvemwoyo.
Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika?
Kana tracheomalacia ikasiyiwa isina kurapwa, inogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru ehutano. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kuvharika kwemhepo: Izvi zvinogona kuva dambudziko rinotyisidzira hupenyu. Kana iwe kana mwana wako muchinzwa kuoma kukuru kwekufema, ndapota tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza kuchipatara chiri pedyo kana kufonera 911.
- Pneumonia yekufema: Izvi zvinoitika kana chikafu kana zvinwiwa zvikapinda mumhepo nemumapapu, zvichikonzera hutachiona.
- Kukura kushoma: Kutadza kufema zvakanaka kunogona kukanganisa zvikuru kukura nekukura kwemwana.
- Zvirwere zvekufema zvinogara zvichiitika: Zvirwere zvekufema zvinogara zvichiitika kana kuti zvinogara zvichiitika.
Nekuti zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuramba zvichiwedzera, zvakakosha kubvunza chiremba kuNirogi Lanka kana ukaona chero dambudziko rekufema risingaperi.
Inoonekwa sei?
Chiremba wako kuNirogi Lanka achatanga nekuongororwa kwemuviri uye kuongororwa kwakadzama kwenhoroondo yako kana yemwana wako yezvekurapa. Kuti vanyatsoongorora nzira yekufema, vanogona kuita laryngoscopy kana bronchoscopy . Munguva iyi, chubhu yakatetepa, inochinjika ine kamera nechiedza inopfuudzwa nemumhino kana mumuromo kuti ione trachea panguva chaiyo. Izvi zvinobvumira nyanzvi kuona kana madziro enzira yekufema asina kusimba kana kuti achidonha panguva yekufema.
Kuti asimbise chirwere ichi, chiremba wako anogonawo kukurudzira mimwe miedzo:
- Fluoroscopy yemhepo: Chidzidzo cheX-ray chinoenderera mberi chinoongorora mafambiro emhepo yako paunenge uchifema.
- Barium swallow (Esophagram): Inoshandiswa kutarisa kana paine matambudziko aripo pagurokuro.
- X-ray yechipfuva.
- Kuongororwa kweCT.
- Kuongororwa kwebasa remapapu.
- Kuongororwa kweMRI.
Kuongororwa uku kwakakosha pakusimbisa chirwere chetracheomalacia uye kuona kuoma kwechirwere chacho.
Ndezvipi zvingasarudzwa pakurapa? Usazvidya mwoyo, kune mhinduro!
Kurapa tracheomalacia kunoenderana nekuoma kwechirwere chako. Sarudzo dzinosiyana kubva pakurapa kusiri kwekuvhiyiwa uye mishonga kusvika pakuvhiyiwa kwezvirwere zvakakomba. Chikwata chedu kuNirogi Lanka chichashanda newe kugadzira hurongwa hunoenderana nezvaunoda.
Kurapa kusiri kwekuvhiya
Kurapa uku kunotarisa pakuchengetedza nzira yekufema yakavhurika uye kubvisa madzihwa mumapapu.
- Kufema mhepo ine hunyoro: Kushandisa hunyoro hwemumba kunowedzera hunyoro mumhepo, izvo zvinogona kutetepa madzihwa uye kuita kuti kufema kuve nyore.
- Kurapa chipfuva (CPT): Nyanzvi yekurapa mapfupa inogona kukudzidzisa maekisesaizi ekufema ane hunyanzvi uye matekiniki ekubatsira kuchenesa mapapu ako.
- CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): Inowanzo shandiswa kune avo vane matambudziko ekufema ane chekuita nekurara, muchina uyu unobatsira kuchengetedza nzira yekufema yakavhurika paunenge wakarara.
Mishonga
Vanachiremba vanogona kunyora mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yekurapa zviratidzo zve tracheomalacia:
- Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yehutachiona hwebhakitiriya.
- Mishonga yekubvisa mabronchodilator inobatsira kuzorodza tsandanyama dzemhepo (sezvinoita semishonga yekufema yeasthma).
- Corticosteroids yekuderedza kuzvimba.
- Mucolytics kuderedza kubuda kwemhepo inobuda.
Kuvhiya
Muzviitiko zvakakomba apo sarudzo dzisina kuvhiyiwa dzisina kukwana, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kukurudzirwa:
- Aortopexy: Chiremba anovhiya anotamisa tsinga huru yeropa (aorta) kubva patrachea oisunga kupfupa rechipfuva, achidzivirira kufema kusina kunaka.
- Kupinza stent: Mudziyo mudiki wekutsigira (stent) unoiswa muhuro kuti ugare wakavhurika.
- Tracheopexy: Maitiro apo chikamu chetrachea chakasungirirwa pachivako chiri pedyo, senge pfupa repachipfuva kana spinal ligament, kuitira kuti nzira yekufema irambe yakavhurika.
Tracheomalacia inogona kudzivirirwa here?
Zvinosuwisa kuti hapana nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira tracheomalacia, sezvo marudzi ekuzvarwa nawo asingawanzogoneki. Zvisinei, nerubatsiro rwenyanzvi dzepaNirogi Lanka, chirwere ichi chinogona kurapwa uye kuongororwa zvinobudirira.
Ndeipi tarisiro yekupora?
Heano mamwe mashoko anonyaradza: Vanhu vazhinji vane tracheomalacia vanoenderera mberi nekurarama hupenyu hune hutano uye hune simba mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera uye kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Kurapwa hakusi kwehupenyu hwese. Vana vazhinji vanozvarwa vaine chirwere chetracheomalacia vanoona mamiriro avo achichinja vega pazera remakore matatu. Mwana paanokura, tsinga dziri mumhepo dzinosimba, zvichideredza zviratidzo. Zvisinei, mune zvimwe zviitiko, rutsigiro runoramba ruchienderera mberi kuburikidza nemishonga kana kuvhiyiwa runoramba ruchidikanwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti munhu apora zvizere.
Kana iwe kana mwana wako aine tracheomalacia, munofanira kugara muchitarisirwa nachiremba, kunyanya kana paine hutachiona hwekufema. Kunyangwe dzihwa diki rinogona kukonzera matambudziko. Chiremba wako anokurudzira kurapwa kwakananga kana mishonga yekurapa zviratidzo zvako zvinobudirira.
Unofanira kuona chiremba rini?
Kana uchifungidzira kuti mwana wako ane zviratidzo zvetracheomalacia—zvakadai sekukosora kusingaperi, kufema zvine ruzha, kana hutachiona hwekufema hunoramba huchiitika— tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
Vakuru vane tracheomalacia vanogona kusangana nematambudziko ekurovedza muviri (kushaya mweya panguva yekurovedza muviri) uye hutachiona hwekufema hunowanzoitika. Kana ukaona zviratidzo izvi, taura nevanopa hutano hwako kuitira kuti vagone kusimbisa chirwere ichi uye vakurudzire kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Mibvunzo yekubvunza chiremba wako
Kana wangoonekwa kuti une tracheomalacia, bvunza chiremba wako mibvunzo inotevera:
- Dambudziko iri rakakomba sei?
- Chii chinokonzera chirwere ichi (chakaberekwa nacho kana chakawanikwa)?
- Ndeapi marapirwo chaiwo auri kukurudzira?
- Kuvhiyiwa kuchadiwa here?
- Chii chandingaita kumba kuti ndibatsire kuderedza zviratidzo?
- Tinofanira kutanga kurapwa nekukurumidza zvakadii?
Kubvunza mibvunzo iyi kuchakubatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani chirwere ichi uye kunzwa uine chivimbo mumatanho anotevera.
Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuvhiringidzwa neTracheomalacia
Tracheomalacia dzimwe nguva inovhiringidzwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana. Mienzaniso miviri mikuru inosanganisira:
- Laryngomalacia: Izvi zvinosanganisira kupfava kwematishu ari pamusoro pebhokisi renzwi (larynx), iro riri pamusoro petrachea.
- Tracheobronchomalacia: Izvi zvinosanganisira kushaya simba mubronchi (machubhu anobuda kubva mutrachea achienda mumapapu). Vamwe vanhu vane tracheomalacia vanogonawo kuva nechirwere ichi panguva imwe chete.
Chiremba wako ndiye munhu akakodzera kusiyanisa zvirwere izvi uye kupa chirwere chakarurama.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
Kuziva kuti iwe kana mwana wako ane tracheomalacia kunogona kutyisa, uye zvakajairika kuti unzwe kunetseka kana mwana wako achichema kana kukosora, kana kana uri kubata neizvi mushure mekukuvara. Zvisinei, yeuka:
Tracheomalacia haisi chirwere chinoisa upenyu panjodzi, uye kunyangwe kana zvanyanya kuipa, inowanzo pindura zvakanaka kana ikarapwa.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekugara uchitaurirana pachena nevanokupa rubatsiro rwehutano. Kana zviratidzo zvitsva zvikaonekwa kana zviratidzo zviripo zvikawedzera, vazivise nekukurumidza. Ramba uine tariro—nekutungamirirwa kwakakodzera uye kutarisirwa, unogona kubata chirwere ichi zvinobudirira. Nirogi Lanka aripo kuti akutsigire.
👩🏽⚕️ Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa (Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa)
💬 Tracheomalacia yakafanana neasthma here?
Kwete. Asima inosanganisira kuzvimba uye kuvharika kwenzira dzekufema dziri mumapapu. Tracheomalacia chirwere chakasiyana apo mhete dzekartilage dzetrachea dzisina simba, zvichiita kuti nzira yekufema iparare panguva yekufema.
💬 Inoonekwa sei muvacheche?
Chiratidzo chikuru ruzha rwakasiyana, rune ruzha (stridor kana kufemera) mwana paanofema, kunyanya panguva yekufema. Ruzha urwu runowanzowedzera kana mwana achichema, achikosora, achiyamwisa, kana kurara. Kukosora kwemwana kunogonawo kunzwika sekukosora "kuhukura".
💬 Ndezvipi zvingasarudzwa pakurapa?
Muvana vazhinji, chirwere ichi chinopera chega sezvo shwashwa richisimba nekukura (kazhinji nemakore 1-2). Zvisinei, kana paine dambudziko rekufema kana cyanosis (ganda rebhuruu), chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira rutsigiro rwemhepo yakaita seCPAP kana, mune dzimwe nguva, kuvhiyiwa (tracheostomy).
Mazwi akakosha: Tracheomalacia, Trachea, Matambudziko ekufema, Hutano hwevana, Stridor, Cyanosis, Cartilage
