Kana uri amai vane pamuviri, mumwe wemibvunzo mikuru uye inonyanya kukunetsa mupfungwa dzako ungangove, ‘Mwana wangu anonzwa kurwadziwa here?’ Iyi inyaya yakadzama zvikuru. Kunyangwe mune zvokurapa, kune maonero akasiyana panyaya iyi. Vamwe vanachiremba nevesainzi vanoti vacheche havanzwi kurwadziwa kusvika pamavhiki makumi maviri nemana (mwedzi mitanhatu). Asi vamwe vanoti vanogona kunzwa kurwadziwa pakutanga kwemavhiki gumi nemaviri (mwedzi mitatu). Saka chii chiri kuitika chaizvo? Ngatitaurei nezveizvi nenzira iri nyore yaunogona kunzwisisa.
Ndeapi maonero akasiyana panyaya iyi?
Zvakaoma kupa mhinduro yakananga kumubvunzo uyu, nekuti hatigone kubvunza mwana ari mudumbu kuti, "Zvinorwadza here?" Saka vaongorori vaifanira kudzidza nezvekukura kwemuviri wemwana, kunyanya kukura kweuropi nehurongwa hwetsinga, uye kusvika pamhedziso kuburikidza nazvo.
Kare, kusvika kuma1980, vanachiremba vaifunga kuti kunyange vacheche vacheche vaisagona kunzwa kurwadziwa. Chikonzero chaive chekuti uropi hwavo hwakanga husati hwanyatsokura. Asi ikozvino maonero iwayo achinja zvachose.
Masayendisiti ari kutaura nezvepfungwa inonzi `nociception`. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kugona kuona kukuvara . Zvakasiyana zvishoma nekurwadziwa. Nekuti hazvidi ruzivo. Asi zvino zvagamuchirwa kuti mhinduro yekushushikana inokonzerwa ne`nociception iyi mumuviri wemwana inogona kukanganisa kukura kwehuropi hwake.
Masangano ekurapa anotungamira pasi rose, semuenzaniso, American and British Colleges of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG, RCOG), ane pfungwa yekuti mwana haakwanise kunzwa kurwadziwa kusvika mavhiki makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi maviri nemashanu . Zvisinei, kune maonero akasiyana. Ngatitarisei maonero ese ari maviri zvakajeka.
| Ngano 1: Marwadzo anonzwika mushure memavhiki makumi maviri nemana | Ngano 2: Marwadzo anogona kunzwikwa pasvondo gumi nemaviri |
|---|---|
| Kubatana kwakakosha kunokura pakati pe cortex, chikamu cheuropi chinonyanya kukonzera kuyeuka nekufunga, uye thalamus, chikamu cheuropi chinotakura manzwiro akadai sekurwadziwa kuenda ku cortex, mushure memavhiki makumi maviri nemana. | Hazvisi pachena kana cortex ichikosha kuti munhu anzwisise marwadzo. Zvinogoneka kuti marwadzo anoonekwa kuburikidza nedzimwe nzvimbo huru dzeuropi. |
| Kunyange hazvo mwana ari pasi pemavhiki makumi maviri nemasere angaita seanopindura kana achinzwa kurwadziwa, kazhinji kacho ingori mhinduro yemuviri kana yehomoni. Hakusi kurwadziwa chaiko. | Zvinonzwa kurwadziwa zvinotanga kukura pamusoro peganda pamavhiki manomwe, uye zvinobatana neuropi panosvika mavhiki gumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemashanu. |
| Kubatana kwetsinga dzinosiyanisa kubata kusina njodzi nechinhu chinorwadza kunoitika panguva yekuzvitakura. | Zvikamu zveuropi, zvakaita sethalamus netsinde yeuropi, zvinobatanidzwa mukuziva, zvinotanga kukura mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga yekuzvitakura. |
Fungidzira, gakava iri rakawedzerwa kuoma nekuti nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvekurapa, zvino zvave kukwanisa kuchengetedza mwana ari mupenyu kunyangwe akazvarwa mavhiki makumi maviri nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nematatu. Vanachiremba vava kugamuchira kuti vana vanozvarwa pazera rakaderera repamuviri vanonzwa kurwadziwa.
Nyaya iyi inokanganisa sei zvimwe zvisarudzo?
Nyaya iyi yekurwadziwa kwemwana ari mudumbu yakakanganisa zvakananga mitemo yekubvisa pamuviri nekuvhiyiwa kwemwana ari mudumbu pasi rose.
Sarudzo pamusoro pekubvisa pamuviri
'Kutambudzika kwemwana asati aberekwa' uku kwave kushandiswa kuona nguva dzinobvumirwa kubvisa pamuviri munyika dzakawanda. Dzimwe nyika dzinorambidza kubvisa pamuviri mushure memavhiki akati wandei ekuzvitakura nekuda kwechikonzero ichi.
Asi kana tikatarisa data iri, kubvisa pamuviri kwakawanda pasi rose kunoitika panguva yekuzvitakura. Semuenzaniso, zvichienderana nedata kubva kuCDC muUnited States, kubvisa pamuviri kunopfuura 93% kunoitika mavhiki gumi nematatu asati asvika . Pasi pe1% kunoitika mushure memavhiki makumi maviri nerimwe. Gakava pakati pemasayendisiti nezvenguva idzi richiri kuenderera mberi.
Kuvhiyiwa kwemwana asati aberekwa
Dzimwe nguva, kuvhiyiwa kunodiwa kurapa zvimwe zvikanganiso zvekuzvarwa nazvo mwana achiri mudumbu. Uku ndiko kwatinodaidza kuti 'fetal surgery'.
Vanachiremba vanofunga nezvekurwadziwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa kwakadai here? Ehe, zvechokwadi.
Kazhinji, mushonga wekutindivadza unopiwa amai panguva yekuvhiyiwa uku unoyambuka placenta wokanganisa mwana. Asi vamwe vesainzi vanoti izvi chete hazvibvisi zvachose kurwadziwa kana kumanikidzwa kunganzwa mwana.
Naizvozvo,Mumaoparesheni anoitwa mushure memwedzi mitatu yechipiri (mushure memavhiki gumi nematatu), vanachiremba vanowanzopa mwana mushonga wekuderedza marwadzo zvakananga. Vanopawo mwana mushonga wekuti asanyanye kugadzikana panguva yekuvhiyiwa. Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ndechekudzivirira kushushikana kwakasimba kunokonzerwa nekuvhiyiwa kuti kusakanganisa kukura kweuropi hwemwana nehurongwa hwetsinga.
Kupa mwana mushonga wekutindivadza nenzira iyi kunoonekwa sekunge kwakachengeteka kuna amai nemwana . Migumisiro yacho haiwanzoitiki.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Hakusati kwava nekubvumirana kwakajeka mukurapa nezvekuti mwana ari mudumbu anonzwa kurwadziwa riini . Kunyange hazvo vamwe vachiti mushure memavhiki makumi maviri nemana, vamwe vanoti zvinogona kutanga kusvika mavhiki gumi nemaviri.
- Chikonzero chikuru chegakava iri ndechekusaziva kuti ndeapi mativi europi anofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti anzwe kurwadziwa.
- Kunzwa kukuvara
Nociceptionkugona kuona kukuvara. Kunyangwe zvisingade kuziva, kumanikidzwa kwazvinoita kunogona kukanganisa kukura kwemwana. - Kana mwana ari kuvhiyiwa mwana asati aberekwa, vanachiremba vachashandisa mishonga inoderedza marwadzo kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemwana uye kuderedza chero kukuvara kungangoitika pakukura kwake.
- Iyi inyaya yakaoma uye inonetsa. Kana uine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsa nezvazvo, zvakanaka kutaura pachena nachiremba wako nezvazvo.
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