Ma taqaanaa masaafada saxda ah ee u dhaxaysa faraantiyada madow ee labada indhood (masaafada carruurta)? Tani aad bay muhiim ugu tahay dadka xidha muraayadaha indhaha!

Ma tahay qof muraayadaha xirta? Mise waxaad raadineysaa inaad mid hesho? Haddii ay sidaas tahay, maanta waxaan ka hadli doonnaa wax aad muhiim u ah marka la dooranayo muraayado indhahaaga si fiican ugu habboon. Kani waa cabbir loo yaqaan 'Masaafada Ardayga' . Waxaa laga yaabaa inaadan hore u maqlin ereygan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, aad ayey muhiim u tahay inaad aragtidaada si cad u ilaaliso.

Waa maxay 'masaafadan ardayda'?

Si fudud haddii loo dhigo, Masaafada Ardayga , ama PD marka la soo gaabiyo, waa masaafada u dhaxaysa bartamaha ardaygaaga (goobaabinta madow ee ku taal bartamaha ishaada) ilaa bartamaha ardaygaaga ee ishaada kale. Tan waxaa badanaa lagu cabbiraa milimitir (mm). Khabiirada indhaha mararka qaarkood waxay tan ugu yeeraan Masaafada Dhexda (ID) .

Marka laguu qoro muraayadaha, qiimahan PD-ga waa mid aad muhiim u ah. Sababtoo ah muraayadaha muraayadaha waa in si sax ah loogu hagaajiyaa indhahaaga hortooda. Waa marka aad hesho aragtida ugu cad ee suurtogalka ah. Haddii aad muraayadaha ka iibsanayso internetka, waxaad hubaal u baahan doontaa qiimahan PD-ga oo ay weheliso warqadda dhakhtarka ee baaritaanka indhahaaga.

Ma ku cabbiri karaa guriga? Sideen u sameyn karaa?

Haa, waxaad isku dayi kartaa inaad gurigaaga ku cabbirto PD-gaaga haddii aad rabto. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si aad u hesho cabbirka ugu saxsan, waxaa ugu wanaagsan in lagu cabbiro xirfadle daryeel indho oo tababaran . Sababtoo ah xitaa isbeddel yar oo dhowr milimitir ah ayaa saameyn kara aragtidaada.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad rabto inaad adigu isku daydo, waxa kaliya ee aad u baahan tahay waa ruler lagu calaamadeeyay millimitir (mm) iyo muraayad. Waxaa jira rulers gaar ah oo laga heli karo khadka tooska ah kuwaas oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay in lagu cabbiro PD. Waxaa sidoo kale jira abka taleefanka casriga ah qaarkood oo sheeganaya inay kaa caawinayaan qaadashada cabbirkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, way adag tahay inaad aad ugu kalsoonaato saxnaanta cabbirka, haddii aad adigu cabbirto ama aad isticmaasho abka.

Haddii aad rabto inaad naftaada cabbirto, waa kan sida:

Tani waxay noqon kartaa xoogaa adag, markaa waxaad u baahan tahay inaad samir yeelato.

1. Marka hore, istaag muraayad horteeda meel iftiin fiican leh. Wajigaaga ka fogee muraayadda qiyaastii 18 inji.

2. Hadda, mastaradda kor u taag wejigaaga si aad u aragto calaamadaha milimitir-ka. Waxaad rabtaa inaad mastaradda u qabato sidii adigoo derbi fiirinaya, indhahaaga hoostooda.

3. Isku xidh ishaada bidix.

4. Hadda, adigoo ishaada midig ku fiirinaya oo keliya, dhig calaamadda eber (0) ee mastaradda saxda ah bartamaha wareegga madow ee ishaada midig. Bal qiyaas in ay jirto xariiq u kala qaybisa wareegga madow laba, eber-na ay tahay inay ku taal xariiqdaas. Ha dhaqaajin mastaradda waqtigan, waayahay? Haddii aad sameyso, waa inaad dib u bilowdaa.

5. Hagaag, hadda fur ishaada bidix oo xidh ishaada midig.

6. Hadda, adigoo ishaada bidix kaliya ku fiirinaya, hel calaamadda milimitir ee ku taal bartamaha wareegga madow ee ishaada bidix. Sida hore oo kale, haddii aad qiyaasto in wareegga madow uu si sax ah ugu jiro laba, calaamadda milimitir ee ugu dhow xaruntaas waa qiimahaaga PD.

Xasuuso: Cabbirka habkan oo keliya waa xoogaa adag, khaladaadna way dhici karaan. Markaa caawimo raadso haddii ay suurtogal tahay.

Way ka sii fududdahay haddii aad cabbirto adigoo qof caawinayo!

Way ka sii fududaanaysaa haddii qof ku caawiyo. Waa kan sida loo sameeyo:

1. Qofka cabbiraya PD-gaaga waa inuu hortaada fadhiistaa, iyadoo qiyaastii 18 inji u dhaxaysa wejigaaga.

2. Waa inuu maareeyaha kor u qaadaa wejigaaga, si uu u arko calaamadaha milimitir-ka. Maareeyaha waa inuu indhahaaga hoostooda ku jiraa (sida aad uga fiirinayso derbi korkiisa).

3. Hadda, si toos ah u eeg isha bidix ee qofka cabbiraya PD-gaaga. Laga bilaabo halkan, isku day inaadan madaxaaga dhaqaajin.

4. Qofka cabbiraya waa inuu calaamadda eber (0) ku dhejiyaa mastaradda si ay ugu taal geeska dibadda ee giraanta madow ee ishaada midig (taas oo ah, geeska giraanta madow ee ishaada midig oo ay ka arki karaan bidixdooda). Ha u ogolaan mastaradda inay dhaqaaqdo waqtigan, haddii kale waa inaad dib u bilowdaa.

5. Hadda, si toos ah u eeg isha midig ee qofka cabbiraya PD-gaaga.

6. Qofka cabbiraya waa inuu eegaa calaamadda milimitir ee ugu dhow geeska gudaha ee giraanta madow ee ishaada bidix (taas oo ah, geeska giraanta madow ee ishaada bidix oo ay ka arki karaan midigtooda). Calaamadda milimitirku waa qiimahaaga PD.

Maxay muhiim u tahay 'masaafadan ardayda' (PD)?

Sidan uga fikir: indhahaaga ku jira waxay la mid yihiin muraayadaha kamarada. Iftiinku wuxuu ka soo galaa kuwaas. Dabadeed, iftiinkani wuxuu dhex maraa muraayadda gudaha isha wuxuuna ku dhacaa retina-da gadaasha isha. Waa markaas marka aan aragno.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii aad leedahay aragti liidata, iftiinkan si fiican looma diiradda saaro. Taasi waa sababta aan u aragno masaafooyin aan caddayn. Waa kuwan dhowr tusaale:

• Aragti fog/Hyperopia - si cad ayuu wax u arki karaa meel dhow laakiin meel fog ma arki karo.
• Aragti-beel/Myopia - Si cad ayuu wax uga arki karaa meel fog laakiin si dhow uma arki karo.
• Presbyopia - xaalad saameysa dad badan ka dib da'da 40.
• Astigmatism - Iftiinka si sax ah looma diiradda saaro sababtoo ah isbeddelka qaabka isha.

Marka ay timaado muraayadaha indhaha, qof walba ma heli doono nooc isku mid ah oo muraayadaha indhaha ah. Sababta arrintan loo sameeyay ayaa ah arrimo badan oo saameeya aragtidaada, sida darnaanta dhibaatada aragtidaada, iyo tirada heerarka astigmatism-ka ee aad qabto.

Adigoo si sax ah u cabbira PD-gaaga oo aad hagaajiso bartamaha indhaha ee muraayadahaaga si ay ugu dhex milmaan bartamaha ishaada, waxaad ka faa'iideysan doontaa muraayadahaaga. Tani waxay ku siin doontaa aragti cad oo raaxo leh.

Ma 'Masaafada Nasopupillary' sidan oo kale ayay wax u jiraan?

Haa, waxaa jira cabbir kale oo muhiim ah marka laga reebo PD, kaas oo ahMasaafada Sanka . Kani waa masaafada u dhaxaysa bartamaha ishaada madow ilaa bartamaha buundada sankaaga.

Bal qiyaas, afar ka mid ah shan qof ma laha indho iyo sanno isku mid ah. Taasi waa, 'Masaafada Nasopupillary' isku mid ma aha labada indhood. Inta badan, farqigani wuxuu ka yar yahay 2 milimitir (2mm). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiyaastii lix qof, farqigani wuxuu noqon karaa in ka badan 2 milimitir (2mm). Maadaama masaafadani ay yar tahay, dad badan ayaa laga yaabaa inaysan xitaa dareemin ama ka warqabin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay sidoo kale saameyn kartaa naqshadda muraayadaha, gaar ahaan muraayadaha indhaha badan.

Maxaa dhacaya haddii cabbirka 'Masaafada Ardayga' (PD) uu khaldan yahay?

Bal qiyaas waxa dhici lahaa haddii lagu rakibo muraayado si khaldan loogu cabbiray PD-gaaga. Waxaad u badan tahay inaad la kulanto raaxo darro sidan oo kale ah:

• Dareen-celin indhaha ah
• Madax-xanuun
• Khalkhalka aragtidaada - waxyaaluhu waxay u muuqdaan kuwo qalloocan ama qalloocan

In kasta oo calaamadahani aanay aad khatar u ahayn, haddana waxay kuu keeni karaan raaxo-darro badan. Sidoo kale, aragtidaadu way ka sii dari kartaa sababtoo ah cadaadis aan loo baahnayn oo indhahaaga saaran. Taasi waa sababta ay muhiim u tahay inaad yeelato PD-ga saxda ah.

'Masaafadan ardayda' (PD) ma isbeddeshaa mar mar?

Marka aad yar tahay, PD-gan wuu isbeddelaa markaad korto. Taasi waa, PD-ga aad qabto marka aad yar tahay ma aha mid la mid ah markii aad yar tahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qiimaha PD-ga badanaa isma beddelo ka dib markaad weynaato.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira kiisas aad u naadir ah oo ay isbeddeli karto. Tusaale ahaan, haddii ay tahay inaad qalliin ku sameyso indhahaaga ama wejigaaga, PD-gaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu wax yar isbeddelo qalliinkaas ka dib.

Waa maxay celceliska 'masaafada ardayda' (PD)?

Celceliska qiimaha PD ee qofka weyn waa qiyaastii 63 milimitir `(63mm)`. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani way ku kala duwan tahay qof ilaa qof. Dadka waaweyn badankood waxay leeyihiin qiime PD ah oo u dhexeeya 50 iyo 70 milimitir `(50mm - 70mm)`. Tiro yar oo qiimayaasha PD ee dadka ayaa ku kala duwanaan kara meel ka baxsan xadkan. Dadka qaar waxay yeelan karaan qiime hooseeya ilaa 45 milimitir `(45mm)`, halka kuwa kalena ay yeelan karaan qiime gaaraya 80 milimitir `(80mm)`.

Xaaladaha noocee ah ayaynaan ku tiirsanaan karin xukunkeenna?

Haddii aad muraayadahaaga u isticmaasho hal ujeedo oo keliya (tusaale ahaan, akhrinta ama shaqada fudud), PD-gaagu waa inuu ku fiicnaadaa ujeeddadaas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira xaalado ay lagama maarmaan tahay in si sax ah loo cabbiro PD-gaaga. Kuwani waa kiisaska ay:

• Haddii aad u baahan tahay muraayadaha indhaha badan leh: Kuwani waa muraayadaha sida 'muraayadaha horumarka leh', 'muraayadaha indhaha ee arki kara meel fog iyo meel dhowba), ama 'muraayadaha indhaha ee arki kara saddexda masaafo, masaafada dhexe, iyo meel u dhowba. Si aad qayb kasta oo ka mid ah muraayadahan u samayso si sax ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad si sax ah u ogaato qiimaha PD.
• Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad sii wadato xirashada muraayadaha indhaha ee loogu talagalay aragga dhow iyo kan fog labadaba:Sababtoo ah, marka aan eegno wax horteenna yaal, PD-geennu wuxuu xoogaa yar yareeyaa qiyaastii 3 milimitir (3 mm).
• Haddii aad si khaldan u aragto indhahaaga (sida strabismus): Xaaladaha noocaas ah, waa lagama maarmaan in dhakhtarkaagu uu cabbiro PD-gaaga.

Xaaladaha sidan oo kale ah, waxaa ugu wanaagsan in dhakhtarka indhaha ama xirfadle daryeel indhaha ah oo tababaran uu cabbiro PD-gaaga halkii aad adigu cabbiri lahayd.

Maxaa dhakhtarkan aan loo sheegin warqadda daawada ee muraayadaha indhaha?

Tani waa dhibaato ay dad badan qabaan. Dalalka qaar (tusaale ahaan, Mareykanka) ma jiro sharci u baahan in qiimaha PD la sheego marka la siinayo warqad dhakhtar oo loogu talagalay muraayadaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gobollada qaar waxay leeyihiin sharciyo noocaas ah. Sri Lanka, badanaa dhakhtarka indhaha ama soo saaraha muraayadaha ayaa cabbira qiimahan PD oo la socda.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku siiyaan qiimo PD ah haddii aad weydiisato. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, meelo qaar ayaa laga yaabaa inay lacag gaar ah kaa qaadaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si aad u hesho muraayado ku habboon, waa lagama maarmaan in qiimaha PD-ga si sax ah loo cabbiro. Sidaa darteed, waa fikrad wanaagsan inaad weydiiso dhakhtarkaaga indhaha ama dukaanka muraayadaha indhaha arrintan.

Haddaba, waa kuwan fariimaha guriga lagu qaadanayo:

Hagaag, markaa waa kuwan waxyaabo aad u baahan tahay inaad xasuusato wixii aan ka hadalnay:

• Masaafada Ardayda (PD) waa masaafada u dhaxaysa giraanta madow ee indhahaaga.
• Qiimahan PD-ga aad ayuu muhiim ugu yahay sameynta muraayadaha ku siinaya aragti cad oo raaxo leh .
• In kasta oo aad isku dayi karto inaad tan ku cabbirto guriga, haddana waxaa ugu wanaagsan in xirfadle daryeel indhaha ah uu cabbiro si loo helo cabbirka ugu saxsan.
• Haddii cabbirka PD-gu khaldan yahay, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad la kulanto raaxo darro sida daal indhaha, madax-xanuun, qallooca aragga , iyo xitaa aragtidaadu way sii xumaan kartaa.
• Qiimaha saxda ah ee PD waa lama huraan, gaar ahaan haddii aad isticmaasho muraayadaha indhaha badan ama haddii aad qabto xaalad sida strabismus.

Marka, marka xigta ee aad tagto si aad muraayadahaaga u hagaajiso, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo qiimahan PD. Sababtoo ah xitaa farqi yar oo ah millimitir ama laba ayaa saameyn weyn ku yeelan kara aragtidaada! Laba indhood oo caafimaad qaba ayaa qiimo weyn ku leh nolosha.

Masaafada ardayda , muraayadaha indhaha, baaritaanka indhaha, aragga, caafimaadka indhaha, cabbirka PD, masaafada u dhaxaysa ardayda