Na re ka kula ka lebaka la liphoofolo tseo re li ratang? A re bueng ka mafu a bakoang ke liphoofolo tse phelang le liphoofolo tse phelang le liphoofolo tse phelang le liphoofolo tse phelang le tsona!

Na u na le ntjanyana e ntle, katse ea katse, kapa nonyana lapeng? Mohlomong u sebetsa polasing 'me u qeta matsatsi a hau le liphoofolo tse kang likhomo, lipōli le likhoho. Ha e le hantle, liphoofolo ke karolo e haufi haholo ea bophelo ba rona. Empa na u ne u tseba hore ka linako tse ling liphoofolo tsena tse ratoang li ka re fetisetsa mafu a fapaneng? Ke seo re tla bua ka sona sehloohong sena kajeno. Sena ke seo re se bitsang `(Mafu a Zoonotic)` kapa mafu a tsoang liphoofolong.

Mafu ana a zoonotic ke afe?

Ha re bua ka bokhutšoanyane, "Mafu a Zoonotic" ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang a ka namelang lipakeng tsa liphoofolo (haholo-holo liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo - liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo, joalo ka likhomo, linku, likhoto, lintja, likatse, bo-'mankhane, linonyana) le batho. Hobane liphoofolo tsena li na le mesebetsi e tšoanang ea 'mele le ea rona, likokoana-hloko tse ling li ka ikamahanya le maemo ho phela ho tsona ka bobeli.

Nahana ka hona, ho na le mafu a mang a liphoofolo a ka fetisetsoang ho tloha liphoofolong ho ea ho batho feela, empa eseng ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho e mong. Mafu a mang, joalo ka Ebola, a ka fetisetsoa ho tloha liphoofolong ho ea ho batho, ebe a fetela ho batho, a baka mafu a seoa. Ho na le mafu a mang, joalo ka HIV le COVID-19, a qalang ho tsoa liphoofolong ho ea ho batho, ebe a fetoha 'me a fetela ho batho feela. Ha seo se etsahala, re khaotsa ho a bitsa mafu a zoonotic, empa mefuta e meng ea mafu ao e ntse e ka ba teng liphoofolong.

Matšoao a mafu ana a liphoofolo e ka ba afe?

Ha e le hantle, matšoao a fapana ho latela lefu. Leha ho le jwalo, matshwao a mang a tlwaelehileng a kenyeletsa:

• Feberu.
• Ho ikutloa u khathetse haholo.
• Hlooho e opang.
• Bohloko ba 'mele.
• Maqeba kapa makhopho a letlalo.
• Letšollo.
• Ho hlatsa.

Haeba o na le letshwao le le leng kapa a mangata a tsena, haholo-holo haeba o le motho ya sebelisanang le diphoofolo, ho bohlale ho batla keletso ya bongaka.

Ke hobane'ng ha re tšoaroa ke mafu ana a liphoofolo? Lisosa ke life?

Mafu a tsoang ho zoonotic a ka bakoa ke mefuta e fapaneng ea likokoana-hloko. Lisosa tse ka sehloohong ke:

• Libaktheria: Tsena ke lintho tse nyenyane tse phelang tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe. Hangata li hlahisa chefo, e leng tsona tse re kulisang.
• Likokoana-hloko: Tsena e ka ba liboko tse phelang ka har'a likokoana-hloko, kapa e ka ba lintho tse phelang tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe joalo ka protozoa.
• Livaerase: Tsena ke dikarolwana tse nyane haholo tse nang le tlhahisoleseding ya lefutso. Di sebedisa disele tsa rona ho iketsetsa dikopi tsa tsona.
• Li-fungus: Li-fungus tsena li baka mafu a kang eczema.
• Li-Prions:Ena e ka ba lentsoe le lecha ho uena. Tsena ke mofuta o khethehileng oa protheine e ka senyang boko.

Bongata ba dikokwana-hloko di phela mofuteng o le mong feela wa diphedi – batho, diphoofolo tse itseng, dimela, kapa dikokwana-hloko tse ding. Empa dikokwana-hloko tse bakang "mafu a zoonotic" di ka tshwaetsa batho le diphoofolo tse ding tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo. Kapa, ​​dikokwana-hloko di ka be di ne di le mofuteng o itseng wa diphoofolo qalong, empa ha nako e ntse e ya, diphetoho di di dumella ho "tlolela" ho batho.

Bongata ba mafu ana a liphoofolo a bakoa ke libaktheria, likokoana-hloko, kapa livaerase.

Likokoana-hloko tsa Baktheria

Mehlala e meng ke ena:

• `(Koatsi)` (Koatsi)
• `(Brucellosis)` (Brucellosis)
• `(Lefu la ho ngoapa ha katse)`
• `(Lefu la Lyme)` (Lefu la Lyme)
• `(Mycoplasma pneumoniae)`
• `(Seoa)` (Seoa)
• `(Psittacosis)` (Feberu ea parrot)
• `(Feberu ea Q)` (Feberu ea Q)
• `(Salmonella)` (Salmonella - mohlomong o kile wa utlwa sena haholo, haholoholo mabapi le dijo)
• (Tularemia)`
• `(Lefuba)` (Lefuba - Sena se ka fetisoa le ho tsoa liphoofolong)

Mafu a liphoofolo a bakoang ke likokoana-hloko (Likokoana-hloko tsa liphoofolo tse phelang ka har'a liphoofolo)

Mehlala ea sena:

• `(Cryptosporidiosis)`
• Echinococcosis (mohlala ke lefu la hydatid)
• (Giardiasis)`
• `(Liver fluke)` (Liboko tsa sebete)
• `(Malaria)` (Malaria - e fetisoa ke menoang, empa e simolohile liphoofolong)
• `(Taeniasis)` (lefu la tapeworm le fetisoang ka nama ea kolobe, nama ea khomo, jj.)
• `(Toxoplasmosis)` (Hangata sena se ka fetisoa ka mantle a likatse, bo-mme ba baimana ba lokela ho ba hlokolosi haholo)
• `(Trichinosis)`

Likokoana-hloko tsa Zoonone

Mehlala ea sena:

• `(Avian influenza)` (furu ea linonyana)
• `(Ebola)` (Ebola)
• `(Kokwana-hloko ea Nipah)` (Kokwana-hloko ea Nipah - Ho tlalehiloe hore sena se boetse se hasane ho tsoa ho bo-'mankhane sebakeng sa rona)
• `(Lefu la kokoana-hloko ea Marburg)`
• `(Mpox)` (eo pele e neng e boetse e bitsoa monkeypox)
• `(Mafuba a Rabies)` (Mafuba a Rabies - Ena ke lefu le bolaeang leo kaofela re lokelang ho le ela hloko)

Ho phaella moo, mafu a kang ringworm , a bakoang ke fungus , le mofuta o fapaneng wa lefu la Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD) , a bakoang ke prions (eo hape e bitswang "lefu la dikgomo tse hlanyang"), a ka fetisetswa ho tloha diphoofolong ho ya ho batho.

Mafu ana a liphoofolo re a fumana joang?

Ho na le litsela tse fapaneng tseo re ka tšoaetsoang mafu ana ka tsona. Ke tsena:

• Ka ho kopana le maro a mmele (mali, moroto, mantle, mathe, jj.) a diphoofolo tse tshwaeditsweng. Nahana ka ho hlwekisa phoofolo ya hao ya lapeng ha e kula, kapa ho phekola leqeba phoofolong ya polasing.
• Ka ho longoa kapa ho ngoathoa ke liphoofolo tse nang le tšoaetso. Haeba u longoa kapa u ngoathoa ke phoofolo e kang ntja, katse, kapa tšoene, u lokela ho ba hlokolosi.
• Ka ho loma likokoanyana tse kang liboseleise, menoang le lintsintsi. Likokoanyana tsena li ka loma phoofolo e tšoaelitsoeng ebe li re tšoaetsa lefu lena.
• Ka ho ja nama e sa butsoang hantle.
• Ka ho noa metsi a litšila (kapa ho ja lijo tse hlatsoitsoeng metsing ao).

Bohlokoa: Ka linako tse ling re ka pepesehela lintho tsena re sa hlokomele. Ke ka lebaka leo ho leng bohlokoa haholo ho lula re hloekile le ho latela mekhoa e sireletsehileng.

Ke mofuta ofe oa liphoofolo tse fetisang mafu ana?

Ha e le hantle, hoo e ka bang phoofolo efe kapa efe e ka jara mafu ana a liphoofolo. Mohlala:

• Li-bat
• Linonyana
• Likatse
• Kgama
• Lintja
• Liphoofolo tsa polasing (tse kang likhomo, likolobe, linku)
• Li-primate tse seng tsa batho, tse kang litšoene le litšoene
• Liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane tse kang litoeba, mebutlanyana le li-moles (Litoeba)

Ho na le liphoofolo tse ngata tse kang tsena tse re potileng, na ha ho jwalo? Kahoo ho molemo hore re be hlokolosi.

Ke mang ea kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke mafu ana a liphoofolo?

Batho ba bang ba kotsing e kholoanyane ea ho tšoaroa ke mafu ana. Ke:

• Batho ba sebetsang le liphoofolo e le mosebetsi kapa boithabiso (mohlala, lingaka tsa liphoofolo, basebetsi ba mapolasing, bahlokomeli ba lirapa tsa liphoofolo).
• Batho ba tsomang, ba lokisang, kapa ba jang nama ea liphoofolo tse hlaha.
• Batho ba nang le sesole sa 'mele se fokolang (mohlala, batho ba tšoaelitsoeng ke HIV, bakuli ba kankere, ba amohelang litho tse ling).

Haeba o oela sehlopheng sena, ho molemo ho nka mehato e meng ea ho itšireletsa.

Lingaka li fumana mafu ana a liphoofolo joang?

Hangata lingaka li fumana mafu ana ka ho hlahloba disampole tsa lisele tsa 'mele oa hao kapa maro a tsona. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• Sampole ea mali `(Mali)`
• Sampole ea setuloana `(Setuloana)`
• Sampole ea sekhohlela (phlegm e tsoang matšoafong)
• Swab ea mucus (sampole ea mucus e nkiloeng nkong kapa 'metsong)

Ho latela matšoao a hao, ngaka ea hao e ka ’na ea hloka ho etsa liteko tsa ho nka litšoantšo, tse kang X-ray ea sefuba kapa CT scan.

Kalafo ea mafu ana a liphoofolo ke efe?

Kalafo e itshetlehile ka mofuta wa tshwaetso eo o nang le yona. Ha ho na meriana e itseng bakeng sa lefu le leng le le leng la phoofolo. Leha ho le jwalo, ho na le mekgwa e meng ya kalafo e sebediswang hangata:

• Lithibela-mafu: Litšoaetso tse ngata tsa baktheria li ka phekoloa, haholo-holo haeba li fumanoa esale pele.
• Meriana e thibelang vaerase: Meriana ena e fanoa bakeng sa tšoaetso e itseng ea vaerase.
• Dibolaya-fungus: Ditlolo kapa matlapa a fanwa bakeng sa ditshwaetso tsa fungus tse kang eczema.
• Meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko: Tsena li ka phekola tšoaetso e ngata ea likokoana-hloko.
• Li-antibodies tsa monoclonal:Tsena di sebedisetswa mafu a mang a thata ho a phekola, jwalo ka Ebola.
• Ho buuoa: Likokoana-hloko tse ling li baka li-cyst 'meleng tse hlokang ho tlosoa ka opereishene.
• Ho entoa le immune globulin: Ak'u nahane, haeba u lomiloe kapa u ngoapuoa ke phoofolo eo u belaelang hore e na le rabies, lingaka ha li emele hore matšoao a hlahe. Li tla u fa ente ea rabies hang-hang 'me li tla boela li ente ntho e bitsoang human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) leqebeng ho thibela tšoaetso.

Na mafu ana a liphoofolo a ka bolaea?

E, mafu a mang a liphoofolo a ka ba kotsi haholo 'me a beha bophelo kotsing. Feberu ea mali e bakoang ke kokoana-hloko, joalo ka Ebola le Marburg, e na le sekhahla se phahameng sa lefu. Hangata mafu a rabies a bolaea hang ha matšoao a hlaha. Leha ho le joalo, mafu a mangata a liphoofolo aa phekoleha 'me ha se hangata a bolaeang. Kahoo u se ke ua tšoha, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko.

Re ka itšireletsa joang mafung ana a liphoofolo?

Ho na le lintho tse 'maloa tseo re ka li etsang ho itšireletsa mafung ana:

• Ho entoa: Ho na le liente tsa mafu a mang a kang `(Mpox)`, `(Rabies)`, `(Ebola)`. Haeba u le sehlopheng se kotsing, ho fumana liente tsena ho tla fana ka tšireletso. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na liente tsa mafu 'ohle a liphoofolo.
• Itšireletse ho longoa ke likokoanyana: Apara lihempe le borikhoe ba matsoho a malelele, 'me u sebelise sethibela-menoang se nang le DEET. Itlhahlobe le liphoofolo tsa hau tsa lapeng bakeng sa liboseleise ka mor'a ho ba kantle. Buisana le ngaka ea hau ea liphoofolo ho sireletsa liphoofolo tsa hau tsa lapeng ho liboseleise le lintsintsi.
• Apara liatlana ha u tšoara liphoofolo (tse phelang kapa tse shoeleng): Le ka mohla u se ke ua ama phoofolo ea naha ka matsoho a hao a sa roalang letho. Esita le haeba u apara liatlana, hlatsoa matsoho a hao hantle ka sesepa le metsi kamora ho tšoara liphoofolo.
• Latela mekhoa ea polokeho ea lijo: Pheha nama hantle. Kamehla hlatsoa matsoho, libaka le lisebelisoa hantle ka mor'a ho lokisa lijo. Qoba ho noa kapa ho sebelisa metsi a sa phekoloang ho lokisa lijo. Qoba ho noa lebese le sa hloekisoang kapa ho ja lijo tse entsoeng ka lebese le joalo.
• Qoba ho kopana le maro a mmele a tshwaeditsweng: Maemong a tebileng a Ebola, sebedisa disebediswa tsa ho itšireletsa (tse kang maske ya sefahleho, digalase tsa mahlo, aprone, diatlana) ha o hlokomela motho ya tshwaeditsweng. Qoba ho ama maro a mmele wa hae, mme o hlatswe matsoho a hao hantle haeba o kopana le yena, esita le haeba o apere diatlana. Qoba ho ama ntho efe kapa efe e ammeng le maro a mmele a tshwaeditsweng.
• Qoba ho ja nama ea sehlahla.
• Leka ho qoba ho longoa kapa ho ngoathoa ke liphoofolo. Haeba u lomiloe kapa u ngoathoa ke phoofolo (haholo-holo bo-'mankhane, lintja, likatse) tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba le rabies, batla keletso ea bongaka hang-hang.

Ke lokela ho bona ngaka neng?

Haeba o sebetsa le diphoofolo kapa o kotsing e kgolo ya ho tshwarwa ke mafu a diphoofolo, bua le ngaka ya hao. E ka o thusa ho fokotsa kotsi ya hao mme ya o bolella hore na ke matshwao afe ao o lokelang ho a ela hloko.

Ke lokela ho ea Lefapheng la Maemo a Tšohanyetso (ETU) neng?

Haeba o na le matšoao ana a tebileng, e-ea kamoreng ea tšohanyetso hang-hang:

• Feberu e phahameng haholo (ho feta 103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ho hlatsa haholo kapa letšollo.
• Pherekano kapa diphetoho tse ding tsa kelello.
• Ho tsoa mali ho sa tloaelehang.
• Hlooho e bohloko haholo.
• Bohloko ba sefuba kapa ba mpa.

Qetellong, hopola (Molaetsa oo u ka o isang hae)

Kahoo, o ka bona hore ho sa tsotelehe hore na re rata diphoofolo hakae, re ntse re hloka ho ba hlokolosi hanyane hobane di ka re tshwaetsa mafu. Mafu a mangata ao re buileng ka ona sehloohong sena a ka fola haeba a ka fumanwa mme a phekolwa ka nako e nepahetseng.

Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke ho ela hloko mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa mafung a joalo, ho latela mekhoa e metle ea bohloeki, 'me haeba u e-na le matšoao afe kapa afe a belaetsang, u se ke ua senya nako 'me u batle keletso ea bongaka hang-hang.

A re bolokeng liphoofolo tsa rona tse ratoang li phetse hantle, 'me re lule re phetse hantle!

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