Ungade ulahlekelwe nayimehlo! Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nokususwa kweeseli ze-retinal.

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela amehlo ethu amangalisa ngayo? Amehlo ethu asebenza njengekhamera. Inxalenye ebuthathaka kakhulu nebalulekileyo yeliso yi-retina. Ngamanye amaxesha le retina inokwahlukana. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-retinal detachment, okanye `(Retinal Detachment)`. Le yimeko enzulu kakhulu, nangona ingenabuhlungu. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba ukukwazi oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubantu obathandayo.

Yintoni i-retina? Kuthetha ukuthini ukwahlukana?

Ngamafutshane, i-retina yinwebu ebonakala ekukhanyeni ngasemva kweliso lakho. Kufana nefilimu ekwikhamera yefilimu. Xa ukukhanya okuvela kwizinto ozibonayo kuwela kwi-retina, kudala imiqondiso yombane eya engqondweni yakho. Kulapho ubona khona.

Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le retina yahlukana nezicubu eziyondlayo neziyibamba endaweni yayo? Yiloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-retinal detachment. Xa yahlukana ngolu hlobo, i-retina ilahlekelwa ligazi layo, ioksijini, kunye nezondlo. Oku kungonakalisa umbono wakho kwaye, ukuba akunyangwa, kunokukhokelela ekubeni yimfama. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, le meko ayibuhlungu kangako, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retinal? Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu?

Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luba neempawu ezithile ngequbuliso. Ubunzima bezi mpawu buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ingakanani i-retina ehlukanisiweyo.

Lumka kakhulu ngezi mpawu:

• Ukubona izinto ezininzi zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho ngaxeshanye: Amachaphaza amancinci, iziqwenga zentambo, izinto ezifana nenethi, kunye namachaphaza amnyama zinokubonakala ngathi ziyantanta xa ushukumisa amehlo akho. Kuqhelekile ukubona elinye okanye amabini ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa kufuneka ukhathazeke ukuba uqala ukubona ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
• I-Photopsia: Ukubona izibane ngokungathi zikhanya ngaphakathi kweliso ngequbuliso.
• Ukuziva ngathi umbono wakho uya umnyama: Umbono wakho osecaleni usenokuvakala ngathi umnyama, ngokungathi kukho ikhethini emnyama ecaleni.
• Ukuvakalelwa ngathi ikhethini elimnyama ligubungela inxalenye yombono wakho: Njengekhethini eliwela efestileni, elinye icala lombono wakho linokuba mnyama kancinci kancinci.

Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza, ungalindi ukuba iintlungu ziphele. Oogqirha bafuna ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokuqhekezwa kwe-retinal?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili apho i-retina inokwahlukana khona:

1. Uhlobo lwe-Rhegmatogenous: Olu luUhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo njengoko sikhula. Njengoko sikhula, into efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweliso (ebizwa ngokuba yi-'vitreous humor') iyancipha, inciphe, ize itsale kwi-retina. Oku kunokubangela umngxuma omncinci kwi-retina ('ukukrazula kwe-retinal'). Lo mngxuma uvumela ulwelo olufana nejeli ukuba luqokelele ngasemva kwe-retina, lutyhale i-retina kude neliso.

2. Uhlobo lokutsalwa: Kolu hlobo, i-retina iyatsalwa kwaye isuswe ngenxa yezicubu zesilonda ezikhula kwi-retina. Abantu abanesifo seswekile (`iDiabetes Mellitus`) banamathuba amaninzi okuba nolu hlobo lokuqhekeka. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini ephezulu ixesha elide, izicubu zesilonda zinokwakheka ngenxa yomonakalo kwimithambo yegazi esweni. Njengoko ezi zilonda zikhula, ziyatsala kwaye zisuse i-retina.

3. Uhlobo lwe-exudative: Kolu hlobo, ulwelo luqokelelana ngasemva kwe-retina ngaphandle komngxuma kwi-retina. Izizathu eziphambili zokuqokelelana kolwelo kukuvuza kolwelo oluvela kwimithambo yegazi ngaphakathi kweliso okanye ukudumba ngasemva kweliso. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zokudumba kweliso (uveitis).

Kuqheleke kangakanani ukuqhekeka kwe-retina?

Esi asisosifo esichaphazela wonke umntu. Ngokwedatha yaseMelika, kuthiwa malunga nomntu omnye kwishumi lamawaka unokusifumana ngonyaka. Olunye uphando luthi uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, i-rhegmatogenous lupus, lunokufumaneka ngesantya esiphakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-18 kwikhulu lamawaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba nangona singaqhelekanga kangako, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nabani na unokusifumana.

Ziziphi izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-retina?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi kunye nezinto ezinobungozi ezibangela oku:

• Ukwaluphala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala basengozini enkulu.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Ukuba iliso lifumana isibetho esibukhali, njengakwingozi.
• Ukuba ukhe waba ne-retina ehlukanisiweyo okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo le meko.
• Ukuba ukhe watyandwa iliso ngaphambili: umzekelo, emva kotyando lwe-cataract.
• Abantu abangaboni kakuhle (abangaboniyo kakhulu): Kwabo baneziglasi ezibhalwe ngugqirha eziphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukususwa kweVitreous yangasemva: Into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso yahlukile kwi-retina.
• Ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela i-retina: Umzekelo, ukuncitshiswa kwe-retina (ukuwohloka kwe-lattice) okanye i-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile.
• Ezinye izifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengelifa.
• Ukuba iliso elinye linomngxuma okanye ukuqhekeka kwi-retina, nelinye iliso nalo lisengozini.

Ukuba unale mingcipheko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo.

Zithini iingxaki zale meko?

Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal yimeko enzulu kakhulu.Oku kunokubangela ukuba umntu angaboni kakuhle. Enyanisweni, ukuba akunyangwa, kunokukhokelela ekubeni abe yimfama engapheliyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela iimpawu.

Oogqirha bayifumana njani le nto?

Ukuze ufumane oku, kufuneka uhlolwe iliso elivulekileyo . Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kwandisa iliso lakho ngamaconsi amehlo ukuze ahlole i-retina yakho. Emva kwemizuzu embalwa, ugqirha uya kukwazi ukubona i-retina yakho ngokucacileyo.

Emva kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezingenabuhlungu. Ezi zinokubonelela ngombono ocacileyo noneenkcukacha ngakumbi nge-retina yakho:

• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Le ikwayindlela yokuskena iliso ekhuliswe kakhulu. Uhlala phambi komatshini, ubambe intloko yakho ingashukumi, kwaye umatshini uskena iliso lakho. Akukho nto ibetha iliso.
• I-Fundus imaging: Oku kukwathatha imifanekiso ye-retina. Iliso lidla ngokuvuleka ngenxa yoku.
• I-ultrasound yamehlo (yeliso): Oku akudingi ukuba iliso livuleke. Nangona kunjalo, amaconsi amehlo angasetyenziselwa ukutyhafisa iliso. Ngelixa uhleli esitulweni kwaye intloko yakho inganyakazi, kubekwa isixhobo esincinci phezu kweliso lakho kwaye siskeniwe. Okulandelayo, ngelixa amehlo akho evaliwe, kufakwa ijeli phezu kweenkophe zakho, kwaye isixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amehlo akho.
• I-CT Scan (`I-Computed Tomography - I-CT scan`): Olu luvavanyo oludibanisa i-`X-rays` kunye nekhompyutha. Ludla ngokwenziwa xa kukho ukwenzakala kweliso kwaye kukho ukurhanelwa kokuba kukho into engene ngaphakathi.

Iphathwa njani i-retinal detachment?

Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kuthetha nawe malunga neendlela zonyango ezikulungeleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iindlela zonyango ezingaphezu kwesinye zingasetyenziswa ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Unyango lwe-laser okanye i-cryopexy (unyango lokukhenkceza).
• I-retinopexy ye-pneumatic (unyango lwe-air bubble).
• Ibhakede le-Scleral (intambo ye-silicone).
• I-Vitrectomy (utyando lokususa i-vitreous).

Unyango lwe-laser okanye i-cryopexy

Ngamanye amaxesha, ngaphambi kokuba i-retina ihlukane, ugqirha unokufumana umngxuma kwi-retina ('ukukrazula kwe-retinal'). Emva koko, ugqirha usebenzisa i-laser yezonyango okanye isixhobo sokuqandisa ukuvala umngxuma. Oku kudala isilonda kwaye kunceda i-retina ukuba ihlale endaweni yayo.

I-retinopexy ye-pneumatic (unyango lwe-air bubble)

Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba ugqirha ufake iqamza lomoya elincinci elisweni. Iqamza linamathela kwi-retina, livale umngxuma. Umngxuma ungavalwa ngokusisigxina kusetyenziswa i-laser okanye i-cryopexy. Ulwelo oluqokelelene phantsi kwe-retina luza kungena emzimbeni. I-retina ingaphinda inamathele eludongeni lweliso. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, iqamza lomoya nalo liza kungena emzimbeni.

Emva kolu tyando, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina intloko yakho ingashukumi kwaye ulale njengoko ugqirha esitsho. Nangona kungakhululeki kancinci, kukuzincama kwexesha elifutshane ukuze ufumane inzuzo yexesha elide.

Ibhakede le-Scleral (intambo ye-silicone)

Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ubopha ibhendi yesilicone okanye isiponji ('ibhakede') ngotyando ejikeleze iliso. Le bhendi inceda ukubamba i-retina endaweni yayo. Ibhendi ihlala apho ngokusisigxina, kodwa awukwazi ukuyibona. Emva koko, umngxuma uvalwa kusetyenziswa i-laser okanye i-cryopexy. Ngamanye amaxesha, iqamza lomoya linokugqobhozwa okanye ulwelo lunokususwa phantsi kwe-retina ukunceda i-retina ibambeke kwakhona.

I-Vitrectomy (utyando lokususa i-vitreous)

Nazi izinto ezenziwayo ngexesha lotyando lwe-vitrectomy:

• Into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso (i-'vitreous') isuswa ngotyando.
• Naziphi na iimbobo kwi-retina ziyavalwa kusetyenziswa i-laser okanye indlela yokuqandisa.
• Iqamza lomoya, igesi, okanye ioyile lifakwa ngaphakathi kweliso ukuze libuyisele i-retina endaweni yayo.

Ukuba ugqirha ufaka iqamza yeoyile, liza kususwa ngotyando kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Amaqamza omoya kunye negesi ayafunxwa ngumzimba. Ukuba ufaka iqamza lomoya elisweni lakho, kuya kufuneka uyeke ukuhamba uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo nokubhabha okwethutyana. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubukhulu beqamza lomoya kunye noxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso (uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kweso) lunokunyuka njengoko ukuphakama kutshintsha. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ungaphinda wenze ezi zinto nini.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Utyando lokuqhawula i-retina ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengalo naluphi na utyando, kukho iingozi kunye neengxaki ezithile:

• Ukopha.
• Usulelo.
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kweliso.
• Amathuba okuba kufuneke kwenziwe olunye utyando.
• Emva kotyando, ii-membranes zinokwakheka, ezinokuncitshiswa zize zitsale kwizicubu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Proliferative Retinopathy" okanye "Epiretinal membrane".
• Wakhawuleza waba nesifo se-cataract, esafuna utyando.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kotyando lokususa i-retina?

Emva konyango, ungaziva ungakhululekanga kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngeepilisi zokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nezinye iindlela zokukunceda. Kufuneka uphephe ukwenza imisebenzi enzima kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungaqalisa nini ukuzilolonga, ukuqhuba, kunye neminye imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.

Ezinye izinto onokuzilindela emva kotyando:

• Ipetshi yamehlo: Gcina ipetshi yamehlo ivaliwe de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
• Indlela yokubamba intloko yakho: Ukuba une-blister esweni lakho, landela imiyalelo ngqo yokubamba intloko yakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela indlela yokubamba intloko yakho kunye nexesha elingakanani lokuyibamba ukuze iliso lakho liphole.
• Amaconsi amehlo: Ugqirha uza kukunika imiyalelo yokusebenzisa amaconsi amehlo ukunceda amehlo akho aphile.
• Ukuphucula umbono: Ufanele uqaphele ukuba umbono wakho uphucuka kancinci kancinci kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu emva kotyando. Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukubona iziphumo ezipheleleyo.

Ngaba ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kunokuthintelwa?

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-rhegmatogenous, alunakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kunokunceda ukukhusela impilo yamehlo akho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ukuba unesifo sokubona kufutshane (myopia), njengoko i-myopia inyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-retina ihlukane. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokwenza uvavanyo oluvulekileyo ukujonga imingxunya emincinci kwi-retina yakho.
• Hlala ukhuselekile: Sebenzisa izikhuseli zamehlo ezifana neeglasi zokhuseleko xa udlala imidlalo okanye usenza umsebenzi onobungozi.
• Funa unyango olukhawulezileyo: Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retinal, bonana nogqirha wamehlo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.
• Gcina impilo yakho iyonke: lawula izifo ezingapheliyo, yitya ukutya okunesondlo, kwaye uzilolonge rhoqo.

Ukuthintela i-traction glaucoma ebangelwa sisifo seswekile, inceda ekulawuleni amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kakuhle.

Ufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi?

Ngokwesiqhelo licebo elihle ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe kanye ngonyaka kubantu abasengozini encinci yokufumana isifo samehlo. Ukuba usengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo samehlo, kunokufuneka ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neshedyuli yokuhlolwa efanelekileyo kuwe.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndifumana i-retina declination?

Imeko yakho iya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nokuba umbono wakho wawunjani ngaphambi kokuba i-retina isuswe, ukuba i-detachment ihambe kangakanani, kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na ezinye iingxaki. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe malunga nohlobo lombono onokulindela ukuba uphinde uwubone.

Utyando lokususa i-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment ludla ngokuba yimpumelelo enkulu - abantu abalithoba kwabalishumi bayaphila. Ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka utyando olungaphezulu kolunye ukuze kufakwe i-retina kwakhona.

Ngaba i-retina ingabuya kwakhona?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kwenzeke ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, utyando lwesibini lunokufuneka. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namanyathelo okukhusela onokuwathatha ukukhusela umbono wakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wamehlo ngokuchanekileyo, ingakumbi malunga nendlela intloko yakho ebekwe ngayo kunye nemisebenzi oyenzayo.

Buza ugqirha wakho ngeendlela zokwenza izinto zibe lula, njengokusebenzisa umqamelo wentamo oqinileyo ukunceda ukugcina intloko yakho ikwindawo enye. Ukuba kufuneka ulale ujonge phantsi, iofisi kagqirha wakho ingakunceda ufumane izixhobo zobuso obujonge phantsi onokuzisebenzisa ekhaya.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Imiyalelo kagqirha wakho iza kudwelisa ukuba zeziphi iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, kodwa kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ugqirha wakho okanye ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuba buhlungu kakhulu, kuvela intlungu engalindelekanga.
• Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zosulelo (umz. ukudumba, umkhuhlane).
• Ukuba kukho ukukhupha okungalindelekanga okuvela endlebeni.
• Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wam wamehlo?

Ukuba une-retina ehlukanisiweyo (okanye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo), buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto ilandelayo:

• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango lwe-cataracts kum?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndityandwe?
• Ndingayikhusela njani impilo yamehlo am emva kotyando?
• Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?
• Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwe-retina?

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina yimeko engenabuhlungu kodwa imbi kakhulu. Ukuba ngequbuliso uqala ukubona izinto ezidadayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okanye umbono ofipheleyo, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko. Bona ugqirha wamehlo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kufuna uhlobo oluthile lotyando ukuze lulungiswe. Nokuba unyango lulibaziseka iintsuku ezimbalwa, ukulahleka kombono okungapheliyo kunokwenzeka. Emva kotyando, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yogqirha wakho ukuze ukhusele umbono wakho.

Ukuqhekeka kweRetina , Izifo zamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa kukubona, Utyando lwamehlo, Iimpawu zamehlo, Impilo yamehlo