Izinto ekufuneka uzazi nge-Anthrax!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngesifo i-anthrax. Kodwa usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni na, isasazeka njani, kwaye yintoni esinokuyenza ngayo. Ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-anthrax ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iAnthrax?

Ngamafutshane, i-anthrax sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiBacillus anthracis . Iispores zale ntsholongwane zifumaneka kwindawo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi emhlabeni, zikwimo engasebenziyo nengashukumiyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, esi sifo sichaphazela izilwanyana, ingakumbi izilwanyana ezitya utyani. Nangona kunjalo, abantu banokuyifumana. Oku kunqabile kakhulu kumazwe afana ne-United States.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-anthrax ngokusekelwe kwindlela edluliselwa ngayo?

Ewe, eneneni, i-anthrax inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela le ntsholongwane engena ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

I-Anthrax Yesikhumba

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo nolungabulali kakhulu . Okwenzekayo apha kukuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho ngokuqhekeka eluswini lwakho. Khawuthelekelele, unomkrwelo omncinci esandleni sakho, kwaye ukuba le ntsholongwane idlula, le meko inokwenzeka.

• Ngoobani abasengozini enkulu? Iingcali zezilwanyana kunye nabo basebenza ngoboya bezilwanyana, ulusu, okanye iinwele zabo ngabona basengozini enkulu.

I-Anthrax yesisu

Olu hlobo lubangelwa kukutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle evela kwisilwanyana esinegciwane . Le ntsholongwane ichaphazela umphimbo, umphimbo, isisu, kunye namathumbu akho. Ayiqhelekanga kumazwe afana ne-United States, apho izilwanyana zasefama zigonyelwa i-anthrax kwaye izilwanyana ezinegciwane zichongwa ngaphambi kokuba zixhelwe inyama.

I-Anthrax yokuphefumla

Olu lolona hlobo lwe-anthrax luyingozi kakhulu kwaye lunokubulala . Lubangelwa kukuphefumla ii-spores ze-anthrax. Oku kunokubangela ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla kwanokufa. Yayikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"woolsorter's disease" kuba abasebenzi abasebenza kwiifektri zoboya, kwiindawo zokuxhela, nakwiindawo zokuthambisa isikhumba babenokuthi baphefumle ii-spores ezivela kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane.

I-Anthrax yenaliti

Oku akusiyonto siyivayo kakhulu kwindawo yethu. Kuyabonakala kubantu abafaka iziyobisi ezifana ne-heroin . Le meko ibikwe kuMntla Yurophu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba usulelo lukhula nzulu phantsi kolusu okanye kwimisipha.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-anthrax? Ingaba ikhona eSri Lanka?

Nangona i-anthrax ifumaneka kwihlabathi liphela, ayifumaneki kakhulu kumazwe afana ne-United States. Ixesha elininzi, esi sifo sisasazeka kumazwe asakhasayo apho izilwanyana zingagonywanga khona.

Umzekelo:

• Iziqithi zaseCaribbean
• Embindini Merika
• Embindini naseMzantsi-ntshona Asia
• Amazantsi emelika
• EMzantsi naseMpuma Yurophu
• I-Afrika esemazantsi eSahara

ESri Lanka, iimeko ze-anthrax azixhaphakanga kakhulu . Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ulumke xa uphatha izilwanyana kwaye ungenisa iimveliso zezilwanyana kwamanye amazwe.

Ngaba i-anthrax ingaba sisixhobo sebhayoloji?

Ewe, oku kuyadanisa, kodwa kuyinyani. Kukho intetho yokuba ii-spores ze-anthrax zingasetyenziswa kuhlaselo lwe-bioterrorism . Usenokukhumbula, ngo-2001, kwakukho isiganeko eMelika apho umgubo we-anthrax wathunyelwa ngeemvulophu. Abanye abantu baphuhliswa yi-cutaneous anthrax, abanye baphuhliswa yi-inhalation anthrax, kwaye abantu abaninzi bafa. Ke ngoko, imikhosi yokhuseleko ihlala iphaphile ukuthintela izinto ezinjalo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-anthrax?

Iimpawu ze-anthrax ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo . Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kwiveki emva kokuba intsholongwane ichaphazelekile. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu ze-anthrax yokuphefumla zisenokungabonakali ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezimbini .

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo zezi:

• Intlungu yesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (Ndidinwe kakhulu)
• Umkhuhlane kunye nokubila okugqithisileyo
• Intloko ebuhlungu okanye intlungu yemisipha
• Amaqhuqhuva okanye amaqhuqhuva arhawuzelisayo
• Isilonda sesikhumba esinendawo emnyama embindini
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, kunye norhudo olunegazi
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo

Yintoni ebangela i-anthrax?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-anthrax ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiBacillus anthracis . Le ntsholongwane ivelisa ii-spores ezinokuphila emhlabeni iminyaka emininzi. Izilwanyana zasendle ezifana neenyamakazi, kunye nezilwanyana zasefama ezifana neenkomo neegusha zinokuphefumla okanye zitye ezi spores ezileleyo xa zisitya ingca.

Cinga ngayo, ifana nembewu. Akukho nto yenzekayo logama nje isesemhlabeni, kodwa xa ifumana amanzi nezondlo, iyahluma.

Xa ixutywe nolwelo lomzimba wesilwanyana, intsholongwane ye-anthrax iyasebenza, iphindaphindeke, ize isasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Intsholongwane ibangela ukusabela okunobuthi, ngamanye amaxesha okubulalayo . Inkqubo efanayo yenzeka ebantwini ukuba la ma-spores aphefunyezwa, atyiwe, okanye adibana nolusu.

Ingaba i-anthrax iyosulela?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. I-Anthrax ayisosifo esisasazeka lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye njenge-chickenpox okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba awunakuyifumana ngokuba kufutshane nomntu one-anthrax. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu , ukuba udibana ngqo nesilonda se-anthrax eluswini lomntu, unokuba ne-cutaneous anthrax. Kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-anthrax?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-anthrax kunabanye. Oku kuquka:

• Abalimi kunye nabantu abasebenza ngemfuyo
• Abasebenzi basemkhosini kunye nabakhenkethi abaya kumazwe apho i-anthrax ixhaphake khona
• Oososayensi kunye nabasebenzi belabhoratri abaphanda le ntsholongwane
• Oogqirha bezilwanyana banyanga izilwanyana ezosulelekileyo
• Abasebenzi abasebenza kwiifektri zoboya, kwiindawo zokuthunga, nakwiindawo zokuxhela
• Abantu abenza iidrama besebenzisa izikhumba zezilwanyana
• Abantu abafaka iziyobisi ezifana ne-heroin

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-anthrax?

I-anthrax ingabulala ukuba ayinyangwanga kakuhle . Iingxaki ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-anthrax:

• I-cutaneous anthrax: Uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngonyango. Ukuba alunyangwa, malunga nama-20% abo basulelekileyo banokufa.
• I-anthrax yesisu: Malunga nama-60% abantu bayaphila ngonyango. Ngaphandle konyango, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo basulelekileyo bayafa. Olu hlobo lunokubangela imeko ebulalayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-meningoencephalitis, oku kukudumba kwengqondo kunye nomqolo .
• I-inhalation anthrax: Nokuba sele kunyangiwe, ngabantu abamalunga nama-55% kuphela abaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ukuba ayinyangwa, eli nani liyehla liye kwi-15%. Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-anthrax?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nohlobo lwe-anthrax onayo, ugqirha wakho angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo:

• i-biopsy yezilonda zesikhumba (ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba kwisilonda)
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan)
• Uvavanyo lwelindle okanye i-mucus elebhu
• Ukubhobozwa kweLumbar / i-Spine Tap

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-anthrax?

Uninzi lweentlobo ze-anthrax zisabela kakuhle kunyango. Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-anthrax, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, usulelo lunokumiswa ukuba luqhubeke.

Iindlela zonyango lwe-anthrax zezi:

• Iiantibiotics: Iiantibiotics, ezinokuthathwa ngomlomo, zifakwe inaliti, okanye zifakwe ngemithambo, zilwa nosulelo. Kusenokufuneka uthathe iiantibiotics ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezingama-60. Iiantibiotics ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi -ciprofloxacin (Cipro®) kunye ne-doxycycline (Doryx®) .
• Ii-Antitoxins: La ngamayeza afakwa ngenaliti athomalalisa ityhefu ye-anthrax emzimbeni. Adla ngokunikwa kunye nee-antibiotics.
• Ugonyo: I-BioThrax®, ugonyo lokuthintela usulelo lwe-anthrax, ikwasetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abanesi sifo. Iidosi ezintathu zesitofu sokugonya zinikwa ixesha elingangeeveki ezine. Ii-antibiotics nazo zinikwa ngaxeshanye.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-anthrax?

Igonyo le-anthrax lisebenza kakuhle nge-90% ekuthinteleni usulelo . Nangona kunjalo, linikwa kuphela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-18 nengama-65 abasebenza kwimisebenzi enobungozi obukhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba abalimi, abasebenzi bemfuyo, abasebenzi basemkhosini, abantu abaphanda ngeebhaktheriya, kunye noogqirha bezilwanyana. Iidosi ezintlanu zegonyo zinikwa ixesha elingangeenyanga ezili-18. Emva koko, i-booster shot inikwa kube kanye ngonyaka.

Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-anthrax, olu gonyo lunokunceda ekuthinteleni usulelo.

E-United States, kwiindawo apho i-anthrax ixhaphake khona, njengaseTexas, izilwanyana ezitya emadlelweni zinikwa ugonyo olukhethekileyo lwe-anthrax.

Kubalulekile: Olu gonyo lwe-anthrax alunikwa uluntu ngokubanzi.

Ukuba usiya kwindawo apho i-anthrax ixhaphake khona, qaphela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Musa ukutya inyama eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Musa ukuzichukumisa okanye ukuthenga izinto zesikhumbuzo ezenziwe ngezikhumba zezilwanyana okanye uboya.
• Musa ukuchukumisa okanye ukufuya izilwanyana.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kwi-anthrax? (Ingxelo yokuxela kwangaphambili)

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-anthrax, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko uze uqale amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye olunye unyango. I-anthrax ingabulala ukuba ayinyangwa. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokuthintela usulelo olunzima kunye neempawu ezisongela ubomi kwaye lonyuse amathuba akho okuchacha ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-anthrax kwaye unale mpawu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukukhohlela igazi (Igazi eliphuma kwimiphunga yokuphefumla)
• Igazi elisemhlanzweni okanye esitulweni
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Urhudo
• Ifiva
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu

Ukuba ndine-anthrax, yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba une-anthrax, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ndiyifumene njani i-anthrax?
• Luhlobo luni lwe-anthrax endinalo?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Ndingayifumana i-anthrax vaccine?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela i-anthrax ukuba ingaphindi yenzeke?
• Ngaba intsapho yam isengozini yokuba ne-anthrax?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiqaphele iingxaki?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Anthrax ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo eSri Lanka. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abakwimisebenzi ethile kunye nabo batyelela amazwe asakhasayo basengozini enkulu yokwasulelwa yile ntsholongwane. Ukuba usebenza kwicandelo elinobungozi obunjalo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana ugonyo lwe-anthrax.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba usulelo lwe-anthrax lunokunyangeka ukuba lunyangwa ngokukhawuleza. I-anthrax yokuphefumla iyingozi ngakumbi kwaye kunzima ukuyinyanga. Yiyo loo nto ithathwa njengesongelo se-bioterrorism.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Anthrax, i-Bacillus anthracis, ii-spores, izifo ezisulelayo, i-cutaneous anthrax, i-inhalation anthrax, ii-antibiotics