Xa sisiva amagama athi "i-brain tumor," uninzi lwethu luqala ukoyika ngoko nangoko, akunjalo? Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi kukuba ayizizo zonke ii-tumor ezikhula engqondweni ezibangela umhlaza. Kukwakho neentlobo zee-tumor ezingezizo umhlaza, oko kuthetha ukuba azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, kodwa zinokukhula ngobukhulu kwaye zibangele iimpawu ezithile. Oogqirha babiza ezi 'tumor ezingalunganga'. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi tumor zengqondo ezingezizo umhlaza.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nangona la maqhuqhuva engengomhlaza, akufanele atyeshelwe. Kuba, nangona engaqhelekanga, amanye awo anokuguquka abe ngumhlaza kamva. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho kwaye wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-meningioma yi
Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba lobuchopho. Lubandakanya malunga nesinye kwisithathu sazo zonke iithumba zobuchopho. Zikhula kwiingubo zokukhusela ezijikeleze ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-meninges.
Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana olu hlobo lwethumba kunamadoda. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko:
- Ukuvezwa kwimitha ephezulu kakhulu.
- Ukuba uneemeko zofuzo ezifana `(Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1))` okanye `(type 2 (NF2))`.
Amaxesha amaninzi, la mathumba awabonakalisi zimpawu de abe makhulu. Njengoko ithumba likhula, iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukuxhuzula
- Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza
- Utshintsho lobuntu kunye nokudideka kwengqondo
- Iingxaki zokubona
- Ubunzima bokuthetha
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukukhala ezindlebeni
- Ubuthathaka bemisipha
I-Schwannoma (ithumba le-neuronal)
Ezi thumba zibizwa ngohlobo lweseli ezivela kuyo: iiseli zeSchwann, ezijikeleze iiseli zemithambo-luvo.
Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuba yi-vestibular schwannoma. Ugqirha wakho usenokubiza oku ngokuba yi-acoustic neuroma. Oku kuchaphazela imithambo-luvo ebaleka isuka endlebeni yethu yangaphakathi iye engqondweni kwaye ilawula ukulinganisela komzimba.
Abantu abanesifo esidluliselwa kwilifa esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(NF2)` banamathuba amaninzi okufumana ezi thumba. Nalapha, abafazi basengozini enkulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili:
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva
- Ukuva isandi esirhabaxa okanye esivuthuzayo ezindlebeni
- Isiyezi
- Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya
- Iingxaki zokulinganisela
I-pituitary adenoma (ithumba le-pituitary gland elilawula iihomoni)
Ezi thumba zikhula kwi-pituitary gland, ekwisiseko sobuchopho. Le gland yindawo ephambili yokuvelisa iihomoni kunye nokulawula ezinye ii-gland emzimbeni wethu.
Ezi zikwaluhlobo oluqhelekileyo lweethumba. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu abadala unokuba neethumba ezincinci kakhulu zepituitary. Kodwa uninzi lwazo alukhuli zikhulu okanye lubangele iingxaki.
Abantu abanesifo esizuzwe njengelifa esithi "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)" basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa zezi zifo.
Ezinye iithumba zepituitary zivelisa iihomoni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba 'ziithumba ezisebenzayo.' Iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni ingaba ithumba livelisa iihomoni, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, zeziphi iihomoni.
- Ihomoni yeprolactin: Abafazi banokuba nexesha lokuya exesheni elingacwangciswanga okanye ukungabikho kwexesha lokuya exesheni. Amadoda anokuba nelifu elikhulu.
- Ihomoni ye-ACTH: Oku kubangela iimpawu zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Cushing's disease". Umzekelo, ukutyeba, ukukrweleka lula, kunye nobuthathaka.
- Ihomoni yeTSH: Ibonisa iimpawu ze-thyroid gland esebenza kakhulu (i-Hyperthyroidism), ezinje ngokuncipha kwesisindo, ukucaphuka, kunye nokubila kakhulu.
Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono okanye ukubona kabini
- Ukuncipha komnqweno wesondo
- Ukungazali
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha
- Ukunyuka kobunzima ngaphandle kwesizathu
Ezinye iintlobo zeethumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza
Kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zamandongomane.
I-Hemangioblastoma
Ezi zikhula kwimithambo yegazi. Zingakhula kwingqondo, kwintambo yomqolo, okanye kwi-retina yeliso. Zibonakala kubantu abanesifo esizuzwe njengelifa esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome." Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukungaziva kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba, ubuthathaka, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba.
I-Craniopharyngioma
Ezi ziqala kwiiseli ezisezantsi kwengqondo, kufutshane ne-pituitary gland. Zingaba ziisacti eziqinileyo okanye ezizaliswe lulwelo (ii-cysts). Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-14 kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala. Zinokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu, ukoma kakhulu, ukukhula okungalindelekanga ebantwaneni, kunye nokutshintsha kombono.
IGlioma
Ezi zivela kwiiseli ze-glial ezixhasa iiseli zemithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni nakwi-spinal cord. Zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Amabanga oku-1 kunye nawesi-2 awangomhlaza kwaye akhula kancinci. Amabanga esi-3 kunye nelesi-4 ziithumba ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nezinobundlongondlongo.
| Ibanga leGlioma | Inkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| Ibanga loku-1 | Iiseli zifana neeseli eziqhelekileyo. Zikhula kancinci kakhulu. |
| Ibanga lesi-2 | Kukho iingxaki ezincinci kwiiseli. Emva konyango, inokubuya njengethumba elikumgangatho ophezulu. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 | Umhlaza onzima apho iiseli zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 | Iiseli azifani kwaphela neeseli eziqhelekileyo. Ngumhlaza ohlaselayo kakhulu nosasazeka ngokukhawuleza. |
Oogqirha bafumanisa njani ukuba ezi thumba zikhona?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokuxhuzula. Emva koko, ukuze enze uxilongo oluchanekileyo, angenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo:
- I-CT Scan: Inkqubo esebenzisa ii-X-ray ezinamandla ukuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho.
- I-MRI Scan: Inkqubo esebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yobuchopho.
- I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwithumba lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.
- Ukubhoboza eLumbar / iSpinal Tap: Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe ukujonga iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kulwelo lomqolo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekukhangeleni iihomoni okanye ezinye izinto ezikhutshwa emzimbeni ziithumba.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kuhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nendawo yethumba.
- Iithumba ezincinci: Akukho nyango lunokufuneka. Ugqirha wakho uhlala esenza i-CT okanye i-MRI scan ukujonga ukuba ithumba liya likhula na.
- Iithumba ezinkulu: Ukususwa ngotyando lolona nyango luphambili. Ugqirha uza kuzama ukususa uninzi lwethumba kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Unyango ngemitha:Le yinkqubo esebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukunciphisa iithumba. Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa iithumba ezingenakususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando okanye eziye zaphinda zavela emva kotyando. I-Stereotactic Radiosurgery luhlobo olukhethekileyo lonyango lwemitha olujolise ngqo kwithumba, lunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda ukhethe isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe, exoxa nawe ngazo zonke iindlela onokukhetha kuzo. Ngoko ke musa ukwenza naziphi na izigqibo wedwa. Soloko uxoxa ngazo nogqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukoyika xa usiva igama elithi "ithumba lobuchopho." Ayizizo zonke iithumba ezikhula engqondweni ezibangela umhlaza. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeethumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza.
- Nokuba yithumba elingelomhlaza, ukuba likhula ngobukhulu, linokubangela iimpawu ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu, iingxaki zokubona, kunye nesiyezi.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezingaqhelekanga ezihlala zikho, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba unyango luyadingeka okanye alufuneki kwaye loluphi unyango oza kulusebenzisa. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
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