Ngaba uyayazi i-oral cancer? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha weva ngomhlaza womlomo? Usenokuba woyika kancinci xa usiva igama. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda oku ngokucacileyo. Kuba ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, kulula ukuwunyanga kwaye unokunyangeka kakhulu. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo mhlaza womlomo ngokweenkcukacha.

Yintoni umhlaza womlomo? Ngubani owufumanayo?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza womlomo luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela kwingqayi yomlomo wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokubonakala njengeengxaki eziqhelekileyo, ezifana namabala amhlophe emilebeni yakho okanye ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho, okanye izilonda eziphuma igazi. Kodwa umahluko kukuba olu tshintsho aluphili kwaye aluqhubeki. Ukuba alunyangwa, umhlaza womlomo ungasasazeka emlonyeni wakho nasemqaleni, kwaye ude usasazeke nakwezinye iindawo zentloko yakho nentamo. Ngokwezibalo, malunga nama-63% abantu abanomhlaza womlomo baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banawo.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba ngoobani abanokuba nomhlaza womlomo. Ngokomyinge, malunga nabantu abalishumi elinanye kwabalikhulu lamawaka banokuhlakulela esi sifo ebomini babo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, amadoda anokuba naso kancinci kunabafazi. Kwakhona, kuthiwa abantu abamhlophe banokuba naso ngakumbi kunabamnyama.

Umhlaza womlomo uwuchaphazela njani umzimba?

Umhlaza womlomo uchaphazela phi ngokwenene? ​​Ikakhulu umlomo wakho kunye nezinye iindawo zomqala wakho. Ngokwezonyango, uchaphazela iindawo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'oral cavity' (`(oral cavity)`) kunye ne-'(oropharynx)`). I-oropharynx (`(oropharynx)`) yinxalenye ephakathi yomqala wakho onokuyibona xa uvula umlomo wakho ngokubanzi, inxalenye yolwimi, kunye nenxalenye yophahla lomlomo wakho. Ukuba umhlaza uvela apho, siwubiza ngokuba yi-`(oropharyngeal cancer)`. Kodwa kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngomhlaza okhula ngaphakathi emlonyeni, oko kukuthi, kwi-`(oral cavity)`.

Zithini iindawo zomlomo?

Ngoko ke, xa sithi ``umlomo``, ungowantoni? Cinga ngawo...

• Imilebe yakho.
• Iintsini zakho.
• Ulusu olungaphakathi kwezidlele zakho (silubiza ngokuba "luphahla lwangaphakathi kwezidlele zakho").
• Isibini kwisithathu solwimi lwakho.
• Umgangatho womlomo wakho (oko kukuthi, indawo engaphantsi kolwimi lwakho).
• Inxalenye yokuqala yophahla lomlomo wakho.
• Indawo engasemva kwamazinyo amabini okugqibela (`(amazinyo obulumko)`).

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza womlomo?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba umhlaza womlomo uvela njani. Ngamafutshane, sinohlobo lweseli emlonyeni wethu olubizwa ngokuba yi-"squamous cells". Ezi ziiseli ezisicaba ezibonakala ngathi ziintlanzi xa zijongwa phantsi kwe-microscope. Iiseli zomhlaza zenzeka xa i-"DNA" yezo "squamous cells" ziqhelekileyo itshintsha, kwaye ezo seli ziqala ukukhula kwaye zahlukane ngokungalawulekiyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomlomo, emva koko ziye kwezinye iindawo zentloko nentamo, kwaye mhlawumbi ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Imikhwa kunye nezizathu ezonyusa umngcipheko

Kukho imikhwa ethile kunye nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza womlomo. Ubusazi na ukuba ama-75% abantu abafumana umhlaza womlomo banxulumene nezi zinto:

• Ukutshaya izinto ezifana neecuba, iicuba, kunye neepayipi.
• Ukuhlafuna icuba, ukusebenzisa icuba elinamagqabi e-betel, kunye nokusebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-"hookah" okanye "shisha".
• Ukusela kakhulu rhoqo.
• Ukuhlala elangeni ixesha elide ngaphandle kokukhusela imilebe (umzekelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ``sunblock'').
• Ukuba nentsholongwane ethi ``Human Papillomavirus`` okanye ``HPV```.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza womlomo (oko kukuthi, ikhonkco lelifa).

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba malunga ne-25% yabantu abafumana umhlaza womlomo abatshayi okanye banezinye izinto ezinokuba yingozi. Ngoko ke kulungile ukuba sonke sikuqaphele oku.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokudidaniswa neengxaki zomlomo eziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ungabona amabala amhlophe emlonyeni wakho ongenakukwazi ukuwakrwela. Ezi zinokuba ziimeko zangaphambi komhlaza.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamabala anje abonakala emlonyeni nasemqaleni, kwaye ahluka ngombala:

• I-Leukoplakia: La ngamabala amhlophe okanye angwevu athe tyaba.
• I-Erythroplakia: Ezi zibomvu, ngamanye amaxesha ziphakame kancinci, okanye ziindawo ezithe tyaba. Zinokopha xa zikrwelwe.
• I-Erythroleukoplakia: La ngamabala axutywe nombala obomvu nomhlophe.

Ukongeza, ezi zilandelayo ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza womlomo:

• Ukuba unezilonda emilebeni yakho okanye emlonyeni wakho ezopha ngokulula kwaye azipholi emva kweeveki ezimbini.
• Izinto ezifana nemilebe, iintsini, iindawo ezirhabaxa ngaphakathi emlonyeni, kunye neendawo apho kukho ukuxobuka.
• Ukuba kukho ukopha ngaphakathi emlonyeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Ukuba uziva ungenazimvakalelo, uneentlungu, okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni bakho, entanyeni, okanye emlonyeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuhlafuna, yokuginya, yokuthetha, umhlathi wakho ubuhlungu, okanye unengxaki yokushukumisa ulwimi lwakho.
• Ukuba ulahlekelwa bubunzima ngokungalindelekanga (`(Ukulahlekelwa bubunzima ngokungeyomfuneko)`).
• Intlungu yendlebe.
• Ukuba unevumba elibi elingapheliyo (`(Umoya ombi ongapheliyo)`).

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza womlomo?

Ukuba uya rhoqo kugqirha wamazinyo, unokujonga iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo ngexesha lovavanyo lwakho oluqhelekileyo. Ukuba ukrokrela oku, angenza uvavanyo olusisiseko okanye akuthumele kugqirha womlomo nobuso (`(Ugqirha womlomo nobuso)`) okanye ugqirha wentloko nentamo (`(Ugqirha weNtloko neNtamo)`). Ezi ngcali zikwabizwa ngokuba ziingcali zeendlebe, impumlo nomphimbo (`(iingcali ze-ENT)`).

Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga umhlaza womlomo:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho aze azivavanye nomlomo wakho. Baza kujonga intloko yakho, ubuso, nentamo yakho ukuze babone iimpawu zomhlaza okanye iimeko ezingaphambi komhlaza.
• I-brush biopsy (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-scrape biopsy okanye i-exfoliative cytology): Ugqirha usebenzisa ibrashi encinci okanye i-spatula ukukrazula kancinci inani elincinci leeseli kwindawo ekrokrisayo. Emva koko iiseli ziyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba azinawo na umhlaza.
• I-biopsy yokusika: Kule nto, ugqirha ususa isiqwenga sethishu kwindawo ekrokrisayo aze avavanye iiseli ukuze abone ukuba zinomhlaza na.
• I-laryngoscopy engangqalanga kunye ne-pharyngoscopy: Ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esinomphetho omde esinesipili esincinci esiqhotyoshelwe kuso ukujonga umphimbo wakho, isiseko solwimi lwakho, kunye nenxalenye ye-larynx yakho (ibhokisi yelizwi).
• I-pharyngoscopy ethe ngqo (eguquguqukayo) kunye ne-laryngoscopy: Ngamanye amaxesha i-endoscope isetyenziselwa ukujonga nzulu emqaleni nasemlonyeni ongenakubonwa nge-scope. I-endoscope yityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enokukhanya kunye nelensi ngaphambili.

Ngaba kukho amanqanaba omhlaza womlomo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ezi mvavanyo zinceda ekufumaneni inqanaba (`inqanaba`) lomhlaza. Inqanaba libhekisa apho umhlaza ukuyo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, kunye nokuba usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo owaqala kuyo. Ezi mvavanyo zikwajonga nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Oogqirha basebenzisa ulwazi malunga neli nqanaba ukucwangcisa unyango kunye nokuqikelela amathuba okuchacha.

Umhlaza womlomo uhlelwa ngokwenkqubo ye-TNM.

• Unobumba u -T ubhekisa kubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba eliphambili.
• Unobumba u -N ubonisa ukuba ithumba lisasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes.
• Unobumba u-M ubonisa ukuba ithumba lisasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (lisasazeke kwi-metastasized).

Amanqanaba omhlaza womlomo adla ngokuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• I-TI: Ithumba emlonyeni liyi-2 centimeters okanye ngaphantsi.
• I-T2: Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-2, kodwa alikho ngaphezulu kweesentimitha ezi-4.
• I-T3: Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza womlomo?

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokunyanga umhlaza womlomo: utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy . Kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngazo zonke iindlela onokukhetha kuzo, iziphumo zazo ezingalindelekanga, kunye nendlela yokuzilawula.

Ugqirha uqwalasela izinto ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba acebise unyango. Phakathi kwazo kukho:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza womlomo onalo?
• Nokuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke ukusuka apho waqala khona ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomlomo wakho nomqala, okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho.
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi.
• iminyaka yakho.

Loluphi utyando olwenziwayo kumhlaza womlomo?

Utyando oluqhelekileyo olwenziwayo kumhlaza womlomo zezi:

• Utyando oluphambili lwe-tumor: Oogqirha basusa i-tumor ngokusika emlonyeni okanye entanyeni.
• Ukususwa kweGlossectomy: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye okanye lonke ulwimi.
• Utyando lwethambo lomhlathi (utyando lwe-Mandibular): Olu lutyando olwenziwayo ukuba kukho umhlaza kumhlathi.
• Utyando lweMaxillectomy: Olu tyando lususa inxalenye okanye lonke uphahla oluphezulu lomlomo (inxalenye emathanjeni ophahla lomlomo, ekwaziwa ngokuba yipalate).
• I-Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Olu vavanyo luvumela oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala.
• Ukususwa kwentamo: Olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze kususwe ii-lymph nodes entanyeni.
• Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha: Emva kotyando lokususa inani elikhulu lezicwili, utyando lokwakha ngokutsha lunokwenziwa ukuze kuzaliswe indawo apho kwakukho khona ithumba okanye kuphinde kwakhiwe iindawo zomzimba, ezifana nomlomo, ulwimi, intlama, okanye umhlathi. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu lwakhiwo ngokutsha lubandakanya ukuthatha amathambo nezicubu eziphilileyo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa nezinye iindlela zonyango, nokuba zidibene notyando okanye ngokwahlukeneyo.

• Unyango ngemitha: Oku kusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ekukhuleni kwazo. Ugqirha wakho unokudibanisa unyango ngemitha nezinye iindlela zonyango.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Olu hlobo lonyango lomhlaza lusebenzisa amayeza okanye ezinye izinto ukuchonga nokuhlasela iintlobo ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kokulimaza iiseli eziqhelekileyo. Ii-antibodies ze-monoclonal ziiproteni zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ezenziwe kwilebhu. Zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ugqirha angasebenzisa amayeza okulwa nomhlaza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango luchaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu lunyango olusebenzisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukulwa nomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha lubizwa ngokuba lunyango lwebhayoloji.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo?

Umhlaza womlomo sisifo esinokuthintelwa. Ungafaka isandla kuso. Ukulandela la macebiso kuya kukunceda uthintele umhlaza womlomo:

• Ukuba usebenzisa icuba (iicuba, ii-beedis), uhlafuna icuba, okanye usebenzisa umbhobho wamanzi, zama ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neenkqubo zokuyeka ukutshaya.
• Ukuba usela utywala, sela ngobunono.
• Xa uphuma elangeni, ungalibali ukusebenzisa i-"UV-AB-blocking sunscreen" ebusweni nasemilebeni yakho.
• Gonyelwa `(iHuman Papillomavirus - HPV)`.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo.
• Fumana uhlolo lwamazinyo rhoqo. Kungumbono olungileyo ukufumana uhlolo lomhlaza womlomo ubuncinane kanye kwiminyaka emithathu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40, kwaye rhoqo ngonyaka emva kweminyaka engama-40.

Ndingazifumana na ukuba ndinomhlaza womlomo?

Ukuba umhlaza womlomo ufunyanwa kwangethuba, ukukhula okanye ukusasazeka kwawo kunokucothiswa.

Ungazihlola umlomo wakho inyanga nenyanga. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga okanye engaqhelekanga ngelixa usenza njalo, bonana nogqirha wamazinyo ngoko nangoko. Nantsi indlela yokujonga umlomo, umphimbo, nentamo yakho ukuze ubone iimpawu zomhlaza womlomo:

• Yiva imilebe yakho, umphambili weentsini zakho, kunye nophahla lomlomo wakho.
• Vava intamo yakho nangaphantsi kwamakhwapha akho ukuze ubone amaqhuma okanye ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
• Yiya kwindawo ekhanyiswe kakuhle phambi kwesibuko uze ujonge emlonyeni wakho.
• Jika intloko yakho umva uze ujonge uphahla lomlomo wakho.
• Tsala izidlele uze ujonge ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ulusu ngaphakathi kwezidlele, kunye neentsini ngasemva.
• Khupha ulwimi lwakho ujonge phezulu, ezantsi, nasemacaleni. Khupha ulwimi lwakho kancinci ubuyele umva ujonge ezantsi komlomo wakho.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndinomhlaza womlomo?

Umhlaza womlomo luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula ngaphakathi emlonyeni. Njengeminye imihlaza, ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokucothisa ukusasazeka komhlaza womlomo. Malunga nesithathu kwisithathu sabantu abaye banyangwa umhlaza womlomo baya kuba nomhlaza omtsha. Ukuba uye wanyangwa umhlaza womlomo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa okulandelayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokugqiba unyango?

Emva kokuba ugqibe unyango lomhlaza womlomo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika ulwazi malunga nendlela unyango oluthile olufumeneyo oluya kuyichaphazela ngayo ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Umzekelo, abanye abantu abanomhlaza womlomo banokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngokususwa kwesi sifo emlonyeni okanye emlonyeni. Nangona kunjalo, umntu onomhlaza osasazekileyo usenokufuna utyando olwahlukileyo nolubanzi, mhlawumbi nokwakha kwakhona inxalenye yomlomo okanye umhlathi.

Nokuba imeko yakho injani na, kuya kufuneka ubone oogqirha bakho, kuquka nogqirha wamazinyo, rhoqo ukuze uhlolwe (`(ixesha lokulandela)`).

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emlonyeni wakho – izilonda ezintsha ezingapholiyo emva kweeveki ezimbini, amabala arhabaxa, njl.njl. – bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kubaluleke kakhulu. Okukhona ufumanisa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Nazi ezinye zemibuzo eqhelekileyo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Yintoni umahluko phakathi komhlaza womlomo ongaphambi komhlaza kunye nomhlaza womlomo?
• Ingaba imeko yam yeyokwexeshana okanye engapheliyo?
• Yintoni enokuba yimbangela yokuba ndibe nomhlaza?
• Luhlobo luni lovavanyo endiza kulwenza kwaye lwenziwa njani?
• Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango?
• Ziziphi ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswayo endaweni yendlela ephambili oyicebisayo?
• Ukuba kufuneka ndityandwe, ngaba kuya kufuneka ndityandwe kwakhona?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nengcali? Iza kubiza malini, kwaye ngaba i-inshurensi yam iya kuyihlawulela?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa iimpawu zam?
• Zeziphi iinguqu endinokuzitshintsha kwindlela endiphila ngayo ukuze ndincede ngonyango kunye nokuchacha?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule! (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Nangona umhlaza womlomo ungowona ubalulekileyo, unokunyangeka ngempumelelo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba.

Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wamazinyo ubuncinane kabini ngonyaka kwaye uzihlole umlomo wakho ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga. Kukho iindlela zokuthintela umhlaza womlomo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwezi kukuphepha ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuthetha nabahlobo bakho kunye nosapho malunga nomhlaza wakho womlomo, thetha noogqirha bakho ngawo. Nyamekela impilo yakho, kuba yeyona nto ixabisekileyo onayo!

Umhlaza Womlomo , Umhlaza Womlomo, Iimpawu, Oonobangela, Unyango, Utyando, Uthintelo, Ukuzihlola