Ngaba nawe uhlangabezana noku kukhwehlela ngakumbi nangakumbi? Masifunde ngakumbi ngeSifo sePhepha!

Xa usiva igama elithi isifo sephepha, usenokuba noloyiko oluncinci, akunjalo? Usenokucinga izinto ezinje, "Owu, ndiza kuyifumana nam?" okanye "Ayisiyiyo na le isifo esiyingozi?" Kodwa xa usazi kakuhle ukuba siyintoni esi sifo, indlela esikhula ngayo, kunye nento esinokuyenza ngaso, olo loyiko luya kuncipha kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngesifo sephepha, okanye `(iSifo sePhepha – iSifo sePhepha)`, ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda kakuhle.

Yintoni iSifo sePhepha? Ngamafutshane...

Isifo sephepha sisifo esibangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya . Ngokuchanekileyo, intsholongwane encinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)` inoxanduva loku. Ihlala ichaphazela imiphunga yethu . Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha inokuchaphazela nezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zomzimba, njengomqolo wethu, ubuchopho kunye nezintso.

Ngaba wonke umntu uba neempawu zesifo sephepha? Isifo sephepha esifihlakeleyo nesisebenzayo

Nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana intsholongwane yesifo sephepha oza kuba neempawu. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

• I-TB Efihlakeleyo: Abanye abantu banokuba nale ntsholongwane emizimbeni yabo baze bahlale besempilweni ngaphandle kweempawu. Le ntsholongwane siyibiza ngokuba yi-'TB efihlakeleyo'. Yicinge njengotshaba olulele emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba inamandla , inokuyilawula le ntsholongwane ize iyigcine ingasebenzi. Ngale ndlela, abanye abantu banokuhlala bengenazo iimpawu ubomi babo bonke. Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-13 yezigidi zabantu eMelika baphila nolu hlobo lwe-'TB Efihlakeleyo'.
• I-TB Esebenzayo: Kodwa... ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka ngandlela thile - mhlawumbi ngenxa yesifo esithile, amayeza owaselayo, okanye kuba nje usaluphala - ezo ntsholongwane zingasebenziyo zinokuvuka zize zisebenze. Kulapho ke isifo siba 'yi-TB esebenzayo'. Kulapho ke kuvela khona iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu zeTB esebenzayo?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu zomntu onesifo sephepha esisebenzayo. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, ngaba kulungile ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha?

• Ukukhohlela okukhulu okuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini: Le yenye yeempawu eziphambili.
• Intlungu yesifuba: Usenokuziva intlungu esifubeni sakho xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela.
• Ukukhohlela i-phlegm okanye igazi: Ukuba ukhohlela i-phlegm (i-sputum/i-mucus) kunye negazi elincinci, oko kuyinto ekufuneka uyiqwalasele.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu kwaye ungenabomi (Ukudinwa/Ubuthathaka): Usenokuziva udiniwe kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkanuko: Ungalahlekelwa yinkanuko yokutya.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba: Ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngokungalindelekanga.
• Ukugodola kunye nomkhuhlane: Asikuko nje nawuphi na umkhuhlane, kodwa ngumkhuhlane obangela ukugodola.
• Ukubila ebusuku: Usenokubila kakhulu xa ulele kangangokuba amalaphu akho ebhedini atsho abe manzi.

Khumbula: Usenokuba uneTB efihlakeleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu. Kodwa ukuba uthatha uvavanyo lweTB, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unayo.

Yintoni ebangela isifo sephepha?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, unobangela woku yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka emoyeni . Xa umntu onesifo sephepha ekhohlela, ethimla, ethetha, ecula, okanye ehleka, ezi ntsholongwane zikhutshwa emoyeni, kwaye xa siphefumla loo moya, zinokungena emiphungeni yethu. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintsholongwane ezingena emzimbeni ngale ndlela zinokuya nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sephepha?

Ewe, uhlobo oluphambili noluqhelekileyo lwesifo sephepha sisifo sephepha esichaphazela imiphunga. Sisibiza ngokuba yiPulmonary Tuberculosis .

Nangona kunjalo, le ntsholongwane inokuchaphazela nezinye iindawo zomzimba. Esi sibizwa ngokuba sisifo sephepha esingaphandle kwemiphunga .

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiMiliary Tuberculosis . Sisasazeka emzimbeni wonke kwaye sinokubangela izifo ezinzulu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba kolwelo lobuchopho - Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'(Meningitis)'.
• Isifo Sephepha Somgogodla - Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'(isifo sikaPott)' okanye '(isifo Sephepha Somgogodla)'.
• Isifo sika-Addison, imeko enxulumene neendlala ze-adrenal.
• I-Hepatitis.
• Ukudumba kwee-lymph nodes entanyeni - Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Scrofula)`.

Isifo sephepha sidluliselwa njani?

Le yinto ekufuneka siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo. Isifo sephepha sisasazeka xa umntu one -TB yamaphaphu esebenzayo ekhohlela, ethimla, ethetha, ecula, okanye ehleka. Okubaluleke kakhulu, sisasazeka kuphela ngabantu abanosulelo olusebenzayo emiphungeni yabo .

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuze ufumane esi sifo, kufuneka ube nobudlelwane obusondeleyo nomntu onesifo ixesha elide . Akulula ukusifumana kumntu odibana naye esitalatweni.

Uninzi lwabantu abaphefumla intsholongwane yeTB bayakwazi ukulwa nentsholongwane baze bayithintele ukuba ingakhuli. Kulapho ke iTB efihlakeleyo endikhankanye ngayo ngaphambili ibakho khona.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba sesichengeni sesifo sephepha?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba sesichengeni sentsholongwane yesifo sephepha. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Isifo sephepha sinokusasazeka lula kubantu abahlala okanye abasebenza kwiindawo ezixineneyo, njengeentolongo, amakhaya abantu abadala, amakhaya abantu abadala, amaziko empilo, kunye neendawo zokukhosela.
• Kwabo basebenza kwiilebhu ze-microbiology (i-Mycobacterial laboratory).
• Kwiindawo apho isifo sephepha sixhaphake khona, njengeLatin America, iCaribbean, iAfrika, iAsia, iMpuma Yurophu, kunye neRashiyaKwabo bakha bahlala okanye bahambahamba.
• Kwabo bebesoloko besondelelene nomntu owaziwayo okanye orhanelwa ukuba unesifo sephepha.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana iTB efihlakeleyo okanye iTB esebenzayo?

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba isifo sephepha esifihlakeleyo sibe yi-TB esebenzayo:

• Kwabo bafaka amayeza ngemithambo yegazi.
• Kwabo baneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Umzekelo, iintsana, abantwana abancinci, abantu abane-HIV, kunye nabantu abasebenzisa amayeza athintela inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba.
• Kwabo banezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sezintso kunye nesifo seswekile.
• Kwabo bafakelwe amalungu omzimba.
• Kwabo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani isifo sephepha?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo sephepha, xa ubona ugqirha, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lolusu okanye uvavanyo lwegazi: Le yindlela ephambili yokujonga ukuba ngaba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane yesifo sephepha.
• Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri kwi-sputum kunye nolwelo lwemiphunga: Kuthathwa isampulu ye-sputum yakho ize ihlolwe ukuba ayinayo na intsholongwane.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukujonga ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olukhoyo kwimiphunga.
• Ii-CT scans: Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunceda ekufumaneni umfanekiso ocacileyo kune-X-ray.

Inyangwa njani isifo sephepha? Ngaba sinokunyangeka?

Ewe! Isifo sephepha ngokuqinisekileyo sisifo esinokunyangeka! Kodwa kufuneka sinyangwe ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Oogqirha banyanga i-TB esebenzayo nefihlakeleyo ngeentlobo ezithile zee -antibiotics . Ukuze ucoce ngokupheleleyo usulelo, kuya kufuneka uthathe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ngaxeshanye.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kufuneka ulithathe eli yeza ixesha elide – ubuncinane iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisithoba . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqiba lonke ikhosi yamayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele, ungaphoswa lusuku olunye. Kulapho ke kuphela apho uya kukwazi ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo le ntsholongwane emzimbeni wakho.

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Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awusebenzisi amayeza ngokufanelekileyo okanye uyeka ukuwasebenzisa phakathi? Esi sifo singabuya. Okuyingozi ngakumbi kukuba iintsholongwane zinokutshintsha zibe ziintsholongwane ezichasene namayeza (ukunganyamezelani namayeza). Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kuba nzima kakhulu ukunyanga.

Amayeza esifo sephepha

Nazi ezinye iintlobo zamayeza ugqirha wakho anokuthi akunike wona:

• `(Isoniazid)`
• `(Rifampin)`
• `(I-Ethambutol)`
• `(I-Pyrazinamide)`
• `(Rifapentine)`

(Ezi ziintlobo zamayeza adla ngokunikwa. Ugqirha uza kuvavanya imeko yakho aze akunike indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yamayeza kunye nomlinganiselo.)

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?

Emva kweeveki ezimbalwa uqalile amayeza, uza kuziva ungcono kancinci, kwaye iimpawu zakho ziya kuqala ukuncipha. Ukukhohlela kwakho kuza kuncipha, kwaye umdla wakho uya kwanda. Kodwa ungayeki ukuthatha amayeza kuba nje uzive ungcono! Lonke ixesha lonyango liza kuthatha phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 nezi-9. Kufuneka uwathathe kakuhle amayeza kulo lonke elo xesha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

• Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka sisifo sephepha, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo sephepha (ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ukwehla kobunzima), qiniseka ukuba uyavavanywa, kuba ungasidlulisela komnye umntu.
• Ukuba usela amayeza esifo sephepha kwaye uziva ngathi uneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kula mayeza (umz., ukutyheli kwamehlo, iintlungu zomzimba, isicaphucaphu), xelela ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela uphuhliso nokusasazeka kwesifo sephepha?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Sonke singaba negalelo koku.

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo.
• Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngengqiniba okanye ngethishu xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Kubalulekile nokuphepha ukukhohlela okanye ukuthimla phambi kwabanye xa ungaphandle.
• Ukuba uneempawu zesifo sephepha, nciphisa ukusondelana nabanye abantu kangangoko unako.
• Ukuba unyangwa isifo sephepha, thatha onke amayeza owanikiweyo ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elimiselweyo.
• Ukuba unesifo sephepha esisebenzayo, ungabuyeli emsebenzini okanye esikolweni de ugqirha wakho akunike imvume.

Kwizibhedlele, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwesifo sephepha kukungena komoya ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweZixhobo zoKhuseleko loMntu ( iimaski) ngabasebenzi bezonyango.

Ingaba ikhona igonyo lesifo sephepha?

Ewe, kukho isitofu sokugonya esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)`. Amanye amazwe (asisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe anjengeMelika, kodwa sisetyenziswa kumazwe anjengeSri Lanka) ayasisebenzisa. Ingakumbi kumazwe apho isifo sephepha sixhaphakileyo khona, esi sitofu sinikwa abantwana abancinci ukubakhusela kwiintlobo ezinzulu zesifo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani isifo sephepha?

Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation, ngo-2020, malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela bosulelwe sisifo sephepha, kwaye malunga nezigidi ezili-1.5 bafa. Ngaxa lithile, isifo sephepha sasingunobangela ophambili wokufa eMelika. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqaliswa konyango olutsha, inani laba baguli lehla ngokukhawuleza ngeminyaka yoo-1940 noo-1950. Isifo sephepha sikwayingxaki enkulu yezempilo eSri Lanka.

Kodwa khumbula, isifo sephepha sisifo esinokunyangeka ukuba ulandela iingcebiso zonyango kwaye uthatha amayeza afanelekileyo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba uza kukwazi ukukhumbula ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako namhlanje malunga nesifo sephepha.

Isifo sephepha asinto yokoyika, kodwa asinto yokuthathwa lula.

• Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini , umkhuhlane, ukubila ebusuku, kunye nokwehla kobunzima, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
• Ukuba ukhe wadibana nomntu onesifo sephepha, xelela ugqirha.
• Kukho unyango lwesifo sephepha, kwaye ukuba unyango lwenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lufikelele kwixesha elimiselweyo, lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
• Nokuba uzive ungcono kancinci xa uqala ukusebenzisa amayeza, ungayeki ukuwasebenzisa de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukucinga ngempilo yakho kunye nempilo yabo bakungqongileyo kwaye wenze izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho wosapho okanye kwiziko lezempilo likarhulumente elikufutshane. Hlala usempilweni!

Isifo sephepha, i-TB, ukukhwehlela, imiphunga, usulelo, unyango, iimpawu