Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi kukho into engalunganga emzimbeni wakho kwaye awuziva kakuhle? Ngaba uziva ngathi umzimba wakho usebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, uziva uxhalabile, kwaye unengxaki yokugcina ingqondo yakho igxile? Ukuba kunjalo, i-thyroid gland yakho isenokuba isebenza nzima kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism.

Yintoni i-hyperthyroidism? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-hyperthyroidism iyenzeka xa i-thyroid gland entanyeni yakho isebenza kakhulu ize ivelise i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu. I-thyroid gland yi-gland encinci, efana nebhabhathane ebekwe ngaphambili entanyeni yakho. Kodwa nangona incinci, yenza umsebenzi omninzi. Ii-thyroid hormones zibalulekile ekulawuleni izinto ezininzi emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi isantya umzimba wethu osebenzisa ngaso amandla, okanye imetabolism.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeehomoni ze-thyroid, i-`triiodothyronine (T3)` kunye ne-`thyroxine (T4)`. Kukwakho ne-`thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)`, evela kwi-pituitary gland kwaye ixelela i-thyroid ukuba yenze iihomoni. Ngoku, kwi-hyperthyroidism, okwenzekayo kukuba ezi homoni ze-`(T3)` kunye ne-`(T4)` ziqokelelana egazini ngaphezu kokuba kufanele. Emva koko, izinto ezininzi emzimbeni ziyakhawuleza, njengololiwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ungaziva ngathi umzimba wakho wonke "uqhuba kakhulu". Ungaziva ngathi awungowenu. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku kwaye ubone ugqirha ukuba uneempawu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Enyanisweni, i-hyperthyroidism ayisiyonto ixhaphakileyo. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuthiwa yi-1.3% kuphela yabemi abanale meko. Kodwa, ichaphazela wonke umntu, ngoko ke kulungile ukuyiqonda.

Zithini iimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism? Jonga ukuba unazo na ezi!

Ngenxa yokuba i-hyperthyroidism inokuchaphazela umzimba wethu wonke, kunokubakho iimpawu ezingaphezu kwesinye. Abanye abantu banokuba nezi mpawu zimbalwa nje, ngelixa abanye banokuba nazo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Jonga ukuba ngaba ufumana naziphi na kwezi:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia) kunye/okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. Kuvakala ngathi yidrama ebetha ngaphakathi esifubeni.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Ukuziva ngathi izandla zakho ziyangcangcazela (`(Isandla siyangcangcazela)`). Kuvakala ngathi uyangcangcazela nokuba uphethe ikomityi yeti.
• Ukuhlala uxhalabile, ungaphumli, kwaye/okanye ucaphuka lula .
• Ukunciphisa umzimba nangona unomdla wokutya , mhlawumbi nangona utya kakhulu.
• Ukurhawuzelela rhoqo okanyeImeko efana norhudo .
• Ukubila kakhulu kunye nokunganyamezelani nobushushu obugqithisileyo.
• Umgca weenwele ongaguqukiyo, njengokulahleka kweenwele okanye ukuqhekeka kweenwele.
• Ukungalali (ukungakwazi ukulala ebusuku).
• Utshintsho kumjikelo wenyanga womfazi, umzekelo, ukwehla komthamo wegazi eliphumayo enyangeni okanye ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukuya exesheni .
• Ukudumba komphambili wentamo, okubizwa ngokuba yi-goiter .
• Amehlo avuvukileyo okanye avele ngaphandle (`(Isifo samehlo se-thyroid)`).

Ezi mpawu zinokuqala ngequbuliso, okanye zinokukhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ukuba uziva ngathi unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu.

Kutheni kukho i-hyperthyroidism? Zithini izizathu?

Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo ze-hyperthyroidism. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili:

• Isifo sikaGraves: Esi sesona sizathu sixhaphakileyo se-hyperthyroidism. Isifo sikaGraves sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Ngamafutshane, amajoni omzimba wethu ahlasela i-thyroid gland yethu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ivelise iihomoni ezininzi kakhulu. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo se-thyroid okanye ezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukuzimela komzimba, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube naso.

• Ii-nodules ze-thyroid: Ezi zii-dumps okanye amaqela eeseli akhiwa kwi-thyroid gland. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi qhuma zinokuvelisa i-thyroid hormone eninzi kakhulu. Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuba yi-toxic multinodular goiter (TMNG). Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ezi qhuma ze-thyroid azifane zibe ngumhlaza.

• I-Thyroiditis: Oku kukudumba, okanye ukudumba, kwe-thyroid gland. Oku kunokubangela i-hyperthyroidism yexeshana. Emva kweli xesha lokuvelisa kakhulu, i-hypothyroidism (ukuveliswa okunganelanga kwee-hormone ze-thyroid) inokwenzeka. Nje ukuba ukudumba kuphele, amanqanaba e-hormone anokubuyela esiqhelweni.

• Ukungenisa iodine eninzi emzimbeni:Ukuba sithatha i-iodine eninzi kakhulu ekutyeni esikutyayo okanye kumayeza athile, inokubangela ukuba i-thyroid gland ivelise i-hormone eninzi kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-iodine yiminerali ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwee-hormone ze-thyroid. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokwenzeka xa ufumana i-IV iodine contrast (idayi esetyenziselwa ii-x-rays ezikhethekileyo) okanye xa uthatha amayeza afana ne-Amiodarone (iyeza lentliziyo).

• I-TSH-releasing pituitary adenoma / i-Thyrotropinoma: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ithumba elincinci kwi-pituitary gland engqondweni yethu livelisa i-thyroid-stimulating hormone eninzi kakhulu (TSH). Oku ke kunyanzela i-thyroid gland ukuba ivelise ii-hormone ezingaphezulu.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-hyperthyroidism?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko kunabanye. Ezinye zezinto ezibangela umngcipheko kukuba:

• Umntu othile kusapho lwakho unesifo se-thyroid kunye/okanye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Ukutshaya.
• Ukukhulelwa (ingakumbi i-postpartum thyroiditis, imeko eyenzeka emva kokubeletha).

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?

Ugqirha uza kulandela amanyathelo aliqela ukuze abone ukuba une-hyperthyroidism:

1. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukuhlola ukuze abone ukuba unayo na impawu ze-hyperthyroidism. Umzekelo, ingaba i-thyroid gland yakho idumbile, ingaba isantya sentliziyo yakho siyanda, kwaye ingaba ulusu lwakho luziva lufudumele kwaye luthambile?

2. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-thyroid: Olu lujonga amanqanaba eehomoni ze-thyroid egazini lakho. Umntu one-hyperthyroidism unezinga eliphezulu kuneliqhelekileyo leehomoni `(T3)` kunye `(T4)`. Inqanaba le-``Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)`` lidla ngokuba liphantsi (kodwa hayi rhoqo) kuneliqhelekileyo.

3. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-thyroid antibody: Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba isifo sikaGraves singunobangela.

4. Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lokufota lwe-thyroid gland yakho lunokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela we-hyperthyroidism. Olu vavanyo luquka uvavanyo lwe-radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) kunye ne-scan, kunye ne-thyroid ultrasound. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela olu vavanyo aze akucebise olufanele wena.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-hyperthyroidism?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-hyperthyroidism yimeko enokunyangwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu semeko yakho, ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokuba zilungele wena kunezinye. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe nganye kwezi ndlela zonyango aze akuncede ukhethe isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

• Amayeza e-antithyroid: I-Methimazole (iTapazole®) kunye nePropylthiouracil (PTU) zinciphisa amandla e-thyroid gland yakho okwenza iihomoni. La mayeza lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lwe-hyperthyroidism. Ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kudla ngokulawulwa kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Iimpawu zakho zisenokuqala ukuphucuka kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

• Unyango lwe-radioactive iodine (RAI): Oku kuquka ukuthatha i-capsule okanye ulwelo olune-radioactive iodine ngomlomo. I-radioactive iodine iya ngqo kwiiseli zakho ze-thyroid ize izitshabalalise. Unyango lwe-RAI ludla ngokutshabalalisa i-thyroid gland ngokusisigxina, ngaloo ndlela luphilisa i-hyperthyroidism. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abafumana olu nyango kuya kufuneka bathathe amayeza e-thyroid hormone (Levothyroxine) ubomi babo bonke ukuze bagcine amanqanaba e-hormone aqhelekileyo.

• Utyando (`(I-Thyroidectomy)`): Ugqirha wotyando unokususa yonke okanye inxalenye ye-thyroid gland yakho. Oku kunokulungisa i-hyperthyroidism, kodwa kudla ngokuphumela kwi-`Hypothyroidism` (amanqanaba aphantsi e-thyroid hormone). Emva koko kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza e-thyroid hormone ubomi bakho bonke.

• Ii-Beta-blockers: La mayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism, ezinje ngokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukungazinzi, kunye nokungcangcazela. Kodwa azitshintshi amanqanaba eehomoni egazini. Ugqirha wakho unokukunika ezi beta-blockers kunye nolunye unyango.

Ngalunye lwezi ndlela zonyango lunemiphumo yalo kunye neengozi zalo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi zinto. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu one-hyperthyroidism? (Ingqikelelo)

I-Hyperthyroidism yimeko enokunyangwa. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphumelela kunyango. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zifuna amayeza obomi bonke, kodwa zinokukunceda ukugcina amanqanaba ehomoni yakho ye-thyroid kwinqanaba elisempilweni.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-hyperthyroidism ebangelwa sisifo sikaGraves ayinyangwa, inokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye ikhokelele kwiingxaki ezifana ne-Graves' ophthalmopathy. Ukuba unesifo sikaGraves, buza ugqirha wakho indlela engcono yokusilawula.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ayinyangwa? Ingaba iyingozi?

Ukuba ayinyangwa okanye ayinyangwanga kakuhle, i-hyperthyroidism inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• I-Atrial fibrillation (Afib) (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga)
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukunganyamezelani (isifo sentliziyo)
• Ukungazali
• `Ischemic stroke` (ukukhubazeka)
• I-Osteoporosis (ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo)

Ingxaki engaqhelekanga kodwa enokuba yingozi ebomini ye-hyperthyroidism yi-thyroid storm (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-thyroid crisis okanye i-thyrotoxic crisis). Oku kuxa i-thyroid gland yakho ivelisa inani elikhulu le-thyroid hormone egazini lakho ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. I-hyperthyroidism enganyangwanga okanye enganyangwanga kakuhle inokubangela i-thyroid storm. Ingandiswa ziimeko ezixinzelelekileyo ezifana nosulelo, ukwenzakala, kunye notyando.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uziva uneempawu ze-hyperthyroidism, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ukuze ahlolwe imeko yakho aze afumane unyango olufunekayo.

Ukuba sele uyazi ukuba unale meko, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ze-"thyroid storm", ezinje ngomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo, yiya kwisibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba le meko iya kubangela ukutyeba?

I-Hyperthyroidism ayibangeli ukutyeba. Enyanisweni, abanye abantu banciphisa ubunzima nangona benomdla wokutya. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-hyperthyroidism inyusa izinga le-metabolism yomzimba wakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba usebenzise iikhalori ezingaphezulu kunesiqhelo zamandla.

I-Hypothyroidism (ukuveliswa okuphantsi kweehomoni ze-thyroid) inokubangela ukwehla kwesantya se-metabolism kunye nokutyeba.

Ngaba i-hyperthyroidism ingakhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Ewe, le meko inokwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhulelwa, umzimba wakho kufuneka uvelise iihomoni ze-thyroid ezingaphezulu kunesiqhelo ukunceda umntwana wakho akhule. Inqanaba lehomoni ye-thyroid elingaphezulu kancinci kuneliqhelekileyo ayiyongxaki, kodwa ukuba inqanaba liphezulu kakhulu, ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka enze isicwangciso sonyango. Kuba amanqanaba aphezulu ehomoni ye-thyroid anokuchaphazela kungekuphela wena, kodwa nomntwana wakho.

I-Hyperthyroidism inokuba nzima ukuyifumanisa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njengoko imeko inokufihlwa kukwanda kwamanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid kunye nezinye iimpawu zokukhulelwa.

Ziziphi ukutya omele uziphephe ukuba une-hyperthyroidism?

Kwezinye iimeko, ukutya ukutya okuninzi kakhulu okune-iodine eninzi okanye okune-iodine eyongeziweyo kunokubangela i-hyperthyroidism okanye kuyenze mandundu imeko ekhoyo.

Ukuba une-hyperthyroidism, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba wenze utshintsho oluthile kwindlela otya ngayo. Soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha okanye ingcali yokutya ebhalisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela otya ngayo. Khumbula, i-hyperthyroidism ayinakunyangwa ngokutya kuphela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kufuna unyango.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa ukutya okune-iodine ephantsi, zama ukuphepha oku kutya:

• Intlanzi
• I-Seaweed (`(I-Seaweed)` kunye ne`(Kelp)`)
• Iinkala kunye neelobster
• I-Sushi
• I-shrimp
• I-Algae kunye ne-alginate
• Iimveliso zobisi ezifana nobisi kunye netshizi
• Umpakathi weqanda
• Ityuwa ene-iodized

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kancinci xa ufumana uxilongo olutsha. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-hyperthyroidism yimeko enokunyangeka. Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokuba umzimba wakho usebenza kakhulu, uziva uxhalabile, okanye unengxaki yokuzikisa ingqondo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha. Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo olulula kwaye akucebise unyango olufanelekileyo ukunceda umzimba wakho ubuyele esimeni esifanelekileyo. Ungakhathazeki, ungahlala usempilweni!