Masifunde yonke into malunga novavanyo lwakho lomchamo (uvavanyo lomchamo) ngendlela elula.

Molo! Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ugqirha ekucela ukuba 'unike isampuli yomchamo ' xa usiya kugqirha, akunjalo? Usenokuba ucinga, "Ngaba kufuneka ndiphinde ndikwenze oku?" Ixesha elininzi, esimele sikwenze kukunika umchamo omncinci kwikomityi encinci. Kodwa ngolu vavanyo lulula, olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Urinalysis", ugqirha unokufumanisa okuninzi ngomzimba wethu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngolu "Urinalysis", ukuba lujonge ntoni, kwaye kutheni lubalulekile.

Yintoni uvavanyo lomchamo (uvavanyo lomchamo)? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, uhlalutyo lomchamo luluhlu lweemvavanyo ezithatha umchamo wakho (okwabizwa ngokuba ngumchamo ) kwaye zijonge ukuba ujongeka njani, nokuba uneeseli zegazi, iiproteni, okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Ugqirha angasebenzisa oku njengenxalenye yovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuhlola, okanye ukujonga ukuba unesifo, iingxaki zezintso, isifo sesibindi, okanye imeko efana nesifo seswekile.

Abantu abaninzi bayazi oku njengovavanyo " lokuchama ekomityini." Ewe, yiloo nto kuphela ekufuneka uyenze. Ugqirha emva koko uthumela isampuli kwilebhu. Apho, bayayijonga kuqala, baze bafake umcu omncinci kuyo ukuze bajonge iikhemikhali ezithile (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "uvavanyo lwe-urine dipstick"), baze ekugqibeleni bayijonge phantsi kwe "microscope" ukuze bajonge ezinye izinto ezingabonakaliyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lwe-"dipstick" kwigumbi lakhe aze akunike iziphumo ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni kanye kanye ejongwa luvavanyo lokuhlola umchamo?

Kukho iinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili zovavanyo lomchamo: ukuhlolwa komchamo ngokubona (ukuhlolwa ngokubona), uvavanyo lwe-dipstick, kunye novavanyo lwe-microscope. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abasoloko beyalela zonke ezi zinto. Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri abalwenzayo luxhomekeke kwinto abayifunayo.

Izinto ekufuneka uzijonge kuqala (Uvavanyo olubonakalayo)

Umntu othile kwilebhu uza kuqala aqaphele iimpawu ezibonakalayo zesampuli yomchamo wakho, njengombala wawo kunye nokucaca kwawo.

• Umbala: Ngokwesiqhelo, umchamo ophilileyo unokuza ngemibala eyahlukeneyo emthubi. Unokuba ngongenambala, mthubi okhanyayo, okanye ube mdaka omdaka. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni usele amanzi angakanani, oko kuthetha ukuba umchamo wakho uxinene okanye uxutywe kangakanani.
• Ukucaca: Umchamo nawo uyajongwa ukuze kubonakale ukuba ucacile okanye unamafu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kukho inkangeleko emdaka, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho into ebonakala ngathi idada, oko kuyaphawulwa.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwe-dipstick?

Nantsi into ebendithetha ngayo ngaphambili, uvavanyo apho ubeka khona umcu omncinci weplastiki kumchamo wakho. Kukho izikwere ezincinci kumcu, kwaye kusetyenziswa iikhemikhali kuzo. Ukuba kukho into ekhethekileyo kumchamo wakho, ezo zikwere ziya kutshintsha umbala. Oku kunokukunceda ujonge izinto ezininzi ngokukhawuleza.

• Ubumuncu (i-pH yomchamo):Oku kulinganisa ibhalansi ye-asidi yomchamo wakho. Izinto ezifana neengxaki zezintso kunye nosulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs) zinokubangela ukuba i-pH inyuke (ibe yi-alkaline ngakumbi). Iimeko ezifana ne-ketoacidosis enxulumene nesifo seswekile kunye norhudo zinokubangela ukuba i-pH inciphe (ibe yi-asidi ngakumbi).
• I-Bilirubin: Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwisibindi okanye kwimibhobho yenyongo, i-bilirubin isenokuba ikhona kumchamo. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi azikho kumchamo.
• Igazi (iHemoglobin): Olu vavanyo lukhangela igazi kumchamo. Iintsholongwane, ukwenzakala kwindawo ethile kumchamo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokubangela igazi kumchamo. Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuthi "i-hematuria".
• Iglucose: Olu vavanyo lweswekile (iglucose) kumchamo. Abantu abanesifo seswekile okanye isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa banokuba neglucose kumchamo wabo. Umchamo womntu ophilileyo akufuneki ube neglucose.
• IiKetones: Imeko eyingozi enokwenzeka kubantu abanesifo seswekile ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Diabetes-related ketoacidosis." Olu vavanyo lujonga iiketones kumchamo.
• I-Leukocyte esterase: Le yi-enzyme. Inceda umzimba wethu ukulwa nosulelo. Ukuba ilungile, oko kuthetha ukuba ikhona kumchamo, oko kunokubonisa ukudumba kwindawo ethile kumchamo. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa lusulelo lomchamo (UTI).
• IiNitrites: Xa kukho usulelo lwebhaktiriya kwindlela yomchamo, iibhaktiriya zivelisa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-nitrites. Ngoko ke ukuba ii-nitrites ``zilungile``, lunokuba luphawu losulelo kwindlela yomchamo.
• Iiproteni: Umchamo ujongwa ukuba kukho iiproteni ezifana ne-`(Albumin).` Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka kubekho zimbalwa kakhulu, ukuba zikhona. Amanqanaba eeproteni kumchamo anokunyuka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, umonakalo wezintso (ingakumbi umonakalo obangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo seswekile), ukuzilolonga kakhulu, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ubunzima bomchamo: Oku kulinganisa uxinano lwazo zonke iikhemikhali ezinyibilikisiweyo kumchamo. Lumlinganiselo wokuba umchamo utyebile kangakanani. Eli xabiso linokuba lingaqhelekanga ngenxa yezifo ezininzi.

Yintoni iMicroscopic Exam?

Kukho izinto ezingenakubonwa ngamehlo okanye nge-dipstick. Ukuze uzibone, kufuneka ujonge nge-microscope.

• Iikristale: Ukuba kukho iintlobo ezithile zeekristale kumchamo, oko kungaba luphawu lokuba amatye ezintso ayavela.
• Iiseli ze-epithelial:Ezi ziintlobo zeeseli eziphuma kwindlela yethu yokuchama. Zingadweliswa kwingxelo njenge `(iiseli ze-epithelial zeTransitional)`, `(iiseli ze-Renal tubular)` okanye `(iiseli ze-epithelial ze-Squamous)`. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba nentwana akuyongxaki. Kodwa ukuba zininzi, kunokuba luphawu losulelo lwendlela yokuchama, ukudumba, okanye mhlawumbi umhlaza. Ukuba kukho `(iiseli ze-epithelial ze-Squamous)` ezininzi, oko kuthetha ukuba isampuli yayi `(ingcolile)` ngaphandle (umzekelo, eluswini) xa yayithathwa.
• Iibhaktheriya, igwele, iiparasites: Ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi efunyenweyo kumchamo, inokuba luphawu losulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI), usulelo lwegwele, okanye usulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubasetyhini, ezi zinokungena zijikeleze i-vagina xa isampuli ithathwa kwaye zingcoliswe.
• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu (RBC): Ukuba zininzi kwezi zinto kuthetha ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo, nangona lisenokungabonakali emehlweni. Oku kunokubangelwa yingxaki kwisinyi, kwizintso, okanye kwenye indawo kwindlela yomchamo.
• Ii-coastal zomchamo: Ezi ziincinci, ezifana neetyhubhu ezenziwe ngeproteni eveliswa ziiseli zezintso. Ezinye iintlobo zee-coastal zibonisa ingxaki kwizintso. Ezinye iintlobo zee-coastal ziqhelekile.
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (i-WBC): Ukwanda kwezi zinto luphawu olukhulu lokuba kukho usulelo okanye ukudumba kwindawo ethile kwindlela yomchamo.

Kutheni ndifuna uvavanyo lomchamo?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba ugqirha angakucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lomchamo:

• Njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwakho lwempilo lonyaka , chonga ezinye izifo kwangethuba.
• Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lomchamo, isifo sezintso, okanye isifo seswekile (umz., ukuchama rhoqo, ukutsha xa uchama , umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomqolo).
• Jonga iimeko ezithile zempilo esele zikhona (umz., jonga imeko yezintso kumntu onesifo seswekile).
• Uvavanyo oluyimfuneko ngexesha lokukhulelwa .
• Ukuba ungeniswe esibhedlele .
• Ngaphambi kotyando .

Ndingayilungiselela njani i-urinalysis?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwexesha, oku akudingi lungiselelo lukhethekileyo . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho okanye umntu oselebhu ukunika imiyalelo ekhethekileyo, kufuneka uyilandele ngokuchanekileyo.

• Ukuba ukhathazekile kukuba awuyi kukwazi ukuchama , sela iglasi yamanzi eyongezelelweyo ngaphambi kokuba unike isampuli. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba ukuba usela amanzi amaninzi kwaye unciphise umchamo wakho, iziphumo zisenokungachaneki.
• Xelela ugqirha ezi zinto kwangaphambili:
• Ukuba usexesheniYitsho kuba igazi lokuya exesheni kunye nokukhupha ulwelo kwilungu lobufazi kunokuchaphazela ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuchama ngaphandle kwekhaya, njenge-shy bladder syndrome, baxelele loo nto nabo. Baza kukufumana indlela elula kuwe.
• Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha usenokuthi:
• Isampuli kufuneka ithathwe kwangethuba, kwaye isampuli yokuqala yomchamo ithathwa xa uvuka .
• Akufanele utye ukutya okuthile ngaphambi kovavanyo.
• Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo kwaye ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukuwasebenzisa kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa . Kodwa khumbula, kufuneka uyeke ukuwasebenzisa kuphela xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba uyeke. Musa ukuwayeka wedwa.

Uvavanyo lomchamo (uvavanyo lomchamo) lungenziwa njani ngokuchanekileyo?

Ixesha elininzi, kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi lokuhlambela eofisini kagqirha wakho okanye elebhu ukuze ufumane isampuli yomchamo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yindlela "yokubamba ngokucocekileyo". Kuthetha ukuba uqokelela isampuli ngokucocekileyo, ngaphandle kokungcola. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, baya kukunika ikomityi encinci yesampuli kunye neewipes ezicocekileyo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isampuli.

Ukuba une-labia, kufuneka unikeze isampuli ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, hlala phantsi kwindlu yangasese uze ukhulule imilenze yakho kancinci.

2. Sebenzisa iminwe yakho emibini ukubamba i-labia macala omabini.

3. Sula ingaphakathi lelabia nge-waya yokucoca ecocekileyo abakunike yona, ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva . (Musa ukusula ukusuka ngasemva ukuya phambili, njengoko oku kunokubangela iintsholongwane ukusuka kwimpundu ukuya phambili).

4. Thatha enye i-waste wipe uze usule i-urethra.

5. Emva koko, qala ngokuchama kancinci kwindlu yangasese (oku kuya kususa ezinye iintsholongwane kwi-urethra).

6. Emva koko, yeka ukuchama okwethutyana, bamba indebe enikiweyo kude kancinci ne-urethra, uze uchamele kuyo. Chaza ide indebe izalise isiqingatha, okanye kangangoko ugqirha akuxelele kona. Akunamsebenzi nokuba ayizali ngokupheleleyo isiqingatha.

7. Hlamba okuseleyo (ukuba kukho) ubuyisele kwindlu yangasese.

Ukuba unepenis, kufuneka unikeze isampuli ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Coca intloko yepenis kakuhle nge-washer ecocekileyo abayinikiweyo. Ukuba awukaluki, kufuneka uqale ucoce ijwabu ngokulitsala.

2. Emva koko qala ngokuchama kancinci kwindlu yangasese.

3. Yima kancinci ngelixa uchama , bamba indebe engezantsi kwepenis yakho, uze uchamele kuyo. Chaza ide indebe izalise isiqingatha, okanye kangangoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele kona. Akunamsebenzi nokuba ayizali isiqingatha.

4. Hlamba okuseleyo (ukuba kukho) ubuyisele kwindlu yangasese.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ungavumeli ingaphakathi lekomityi okanye ingaphakathi lesiciko lichukumise umzimba wakho, impahla, okanye naphi na. Ukwenza njalo kungcolisa isampulu.

Ukuthatha isampuli nge-catheter

Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, umzekelo, ukuba awukwazi ukuzichamela wedwa, ugqirha okanye umongikazi unokufaka ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) kwi-urethra yakho ukuze aqokelele isampuli yomchamo. Ngaphambi kokuba benze oku, baya kucoca indawo ejikeleze i-urethra yakho ngesisombululo se-antiseptic. Emva koko baya kufaka i-catheter baze baqokelele umchamo kwisitya esicocekileyo. I-catheter iya kususwa emva koko.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lomchamo?

Emva kokuba unike isampuli, ithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lwe-'dipstick' eofisini yakhe aze akunike iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo.

Ndizifunda njani iziphumo zovavanyo lwam lomchamo?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ingxelo yakho yovavanyo lomchamo iya kubonisa izinto ezinje:

• Igama lovavanyo okanye oko kwavavanywayo (umz. iGlucose, iProteni, iRBC).
• Iziphumo zakho: Eli lingaba linani, nokuba li-`positive` (ewe) okanye li-`negative` (hayi), okanye inkcazo (umz. umbala - umthubi, ukucaca - kucacile). Ukuba kukho izinto ezinokubalwa, ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iibhaktheriya, iziphumo zinokuba ``zimbalwa``, ``ziphakathi``, okanye ``zininzi``.
• Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo okanye uluhlu lolo vavanyo.
• Itshathi ebonisa ukuba iziphumo zakho zingaphakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo okanye akunjalo .

Ngokuxhomekeke kuvavanyo oluyalelwe ngugqirha wakho, ingxelo yakho inokuba neziphumo ezininzi okanye ezimbalwa. Ezi zinokubonakala njengoluhlu okanye itheyibhile.

Zithini iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lomchamo?

Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo anokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwilabhoratri, kodwa ngokubanzi, kufuneka abonakale ngolu hlobo:

• Umbala: Umthubi okhanyayo ukuya kwi-amber.
• Ukucaca: Kucacile.
• Ixabiso le-pH: phakathi kwe-4.5 - 8.0.
• Ubunzima obuthile: Phakathi kwe-1.005 - 1.030.
• Iswekile: Ayilunganga.
• IiKetones: Ezingalunganga.
• I-Bilirubin: Ayilunganga.
• IiNitrites: Hayi `(Ezingalunganga)`.
• Igazi/iHemoglobin: Ayilunganga.
• Iiproteni: Akukho nto okanye incinci kakhulu (Engalunganga okanye elandelelanayo).
• I-Leukocyte Esterase: Ayilunganga.
• Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (i-WBC):Amanani aphantsi kakhulu xa ejongwa ngemakroskopu (umz. 0-5 nge-HPF nganye).
• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu (RBC): Amanani aphantsi kakhulu xa ejongwa ngemakroskopu (umz. 0-2 nge-HPF nganye).
• Iintsholongwane, igwele, iikristale, ii-casts: azikho okanye zimbalwa kakhulu.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zovavanyo lomchamo?

Nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lomchamo "zilungile" okanye zingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba unokuba nengxaki yempilo. Kodwa kukho into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Oogqirha abafane benze uxilongo ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo lomchamo kuphela. Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, ugqirha unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ukuze afumane unobangela.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uya kufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lomchamo kwiintsuku nje ezimbini zomsebenzi . Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngayo, okanye unokukwazi ukuyijonga ngokwakho kwirekhodi yakho yezempilo ye-elektroniki.

Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke ukuba ndifumana iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga?

Hayi, ukuba nje isiphumo sovavanyo esinye asiqhelekanga akuthethi ukuba yimeko enzima. Akuthethi ukuba unento enzulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga iziphumo aze akuxelele ukuba yingxaki ngokwenene okanye ukuba ufuna olunye uvavanyo. Uza kuqwalasela iimeko zakho zempilo zangaphambili, iimpawu zakho zangoku, kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo lomchamo:

• Amanye amayeza kunye nezongezo ozithathayo, ezifana neevithamini . Umzekelo, i-metronidazole, izongezo zevithamini C.
• Ungcoliseko lunokwenzeka xa isampuli iqokelelwa, nokuba ivela kwiintsholongwane okanye kwezinye izinto (umz. ukukhupha ulwelo kwilungu lobufazi, igazi lokuya exesheni) .

Ndifanele ndimtsalele umnxeba nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olutsha kumchamo wakho (umz., utshintsho oluqhubekayo lombala, ivumba elingaqhelekanga, okanye utshintsho lokufana), okanye ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lomchamo wakho, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ewe, ukuchama kwikomityi kunokuba yinto engaqhelekanga nehlazisayo. Kodwa olu vavanyo lwe-'Urinalysis' luvavanyo 'olungangenisi' olunika ugqirha ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo malunga nempilo yakho ngaphandle kokubangela monakalo okanye intlungu emzimbeni wethu.

Olu vavanyo lulula lunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqaphele imeko ngokukhawuleza okanye agqibe kwelokuba ufuna olunye uvavanyo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba kutheni udinga olu vavanyo kunye nokuba iziphumo zithetha ukuthini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngempilo yakho!

Uhlalutyo lomchamo , Uhlalutyo lomchamo, Usulelo lomchamo, Isifo sezintso, Isifo seswekile, Isampuli yomchamo