Ngaba uyazi ngezi tyhubhu zibalulekileyo kwindlela yakho yomoya? (Ibronchi) Masifumanise!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umoya ungena njani ngqo emiphungeni xa siphefumla? Yindlela emangalisayo. Omnye wabadlali abaphambili kolu hambo lubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla yibronchi . Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezi bronchi kunye nokuba zibaluleke kangakanani kwimpilo yethu.

Zithini ezi bronchi?

Ngamafutshane, ibronchi yakho yimibhobho emibini emikhulu ethwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni yakho. Xa uphefumla, umoya ongena ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo udlula emqaleni wakho uze uye e-trachea yakho, engumphimbo wakho womoya . Lo mbhobho womoya wahlukana kabini, njengonobumba u-Y. Le mibhobho mibini iphambili ibizwa ngokuba yi-bronchi - enye iya emphungeni wasekhohlo, enye iye emphungeni wasekunene. Emva koko le mibhobho mibini iphambili, njengamasebe omthi, yahlukana yaba yimibhobho emincinci nangakumbi ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho. Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla . Cinga ngayo njengeendlela, ezinceda umoya ukuba ufike kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci (i-alveoli) ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-bronchi?

Nantsi into ebalulekileyo. Umsebenzi ophambili weendlela zomoya kukuthwala umoya uwuse emiphungeni nokukhupha umoya emiphungeni. Kufana nendlela evumela izithuthi ukuba zihambe zibuye zibuye.

Khawucinge ukuba uphefumla...

1. Umoya ungena ngomlomo okanye empumlweni uze uhambe uye kwi -bronchi .

2. Emva koko, umoya ungena kwiindlela ezimbini eziphambili zomoya, ekunene nekhohlo, ezenziwe kukwahlukana kwale trachea.

3. Ezi bronchi zahlukana zibe ziityhubhu ezincinci, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ngeetyhubhu ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba ziibronchioles, umoya udlula uye kwi-alveoli emiphungeni. Kulapho ioksijini yongezwa khona egazini lakho.

Kwakhona, njengoko ioksijini yongezwa egazini, igesi yekhabhoni diokside engafunekiyo egazini iphinda ifunxwe kwiingxowa zomoya. Xa ukhupha umoya, le gesi yekhabhoni diokside ibuya nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kunye ne-bronchioles kwaye ikhutshwa ngomlomo okanye empumlweni.

Kubalulekile: Ingaphakathi leendlela zomoya ligcwele into ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucus . Le mucus ifumisa umoya ongena kwaye ubambe izinto ezinobungozi ezifana neentsholongwane kunye nothuli emoyeni. Ukongeza, kukho izakhiwo ezincinci ezifana neenwele ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cilia ngaphakathi kwendlela yomoya. Ezi zisebenza njengeentshayelelo kwaye zityhala iintsholongwane kunye nothuli oluvalelweyo ngasemva komqala. Kulapho sikhohlela okanye sithimla khona kwaye ziyaphuma. Asiyonkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo na?

Iphi ibronchi?

I-trachea yakho ikwisifuba sakho, ngaphakathi kwimiphunga yakho, ekhuselwe yimbambo yakho. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, le yimibhobho ekwi-trachea yakho (I-bronchi iqhagamshelwe kwisiphelo esisezantsi semiphunga. Iqala njengeetyhubhu ezinkulu, zahlula kancinci kancinci zibe ngamasebe amancinci, kwaye ekugqibeleni zahluma zibe ziibronchioles ezincinci.

Zithini iindawo zebronchi?

Indlela yokuphefumla ayilothungelwano lunye lweetyhubhu. Zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili, njengendlela eyahlulwe yaba ziindlela eziphambili kunye neendlela ezisecaleni.

• Ibronchi ePhambili/ePhambili: Ezi zezona bronchi zimbini zokuqala zinkulu – ibronchi yasekunene neyasekhohlo. Ezi zezona ziqhagamshela ngqo kwi-trachea (ibronchi ). Ezi zezona ndawo zibanzi zebronchi.
• I-Bronchi yesibini/yeLobular: Le yimibhobho ephuma kwi-bronchi ephambili ize ingene kwii -lobes ezahlukeneyo zemiphunga. Ubusazi na ukuba umphunga wasekunene une-lobes ezintathu kwaye umphunga wasekhohlo une-lobes ezimbini? Le bronchi yesibini ingena kwi-lobes nganye.
• I-Bronchi Ephakamileyo/Esecaleni: Le yimibhobho emincinci ehluma ibe ngamacandelo amancinci ngaphakathi kwimiphunga. Emva kwayo, iibronchioles ezincinci ziyaqala.

Cinga ngayo njengendlela. Kufana nokujika ukusuka kwindlela ephambili (eyiPrimary) ukuya kwindlela yesibini (eyiSekondari), uze uye kwenye indlela encinci (eyiTertiary).

Iyintoni isakhiwo se-bronchi?

Iindlela zomoya zenziwe ngemisipha egudileyo kunye nezicubu eziqinileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cartilage ezizingqongileyo. Le cartilage inika iindlela zomoya amandla amahle kwaye iwathintele ekuweni njengoko umoya udlula. Iindlela zomoya eziphambili zineeringi ze-cartilage . Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iindlela zomoya zesibini nezesithathu zincinci, zineendawo ezincinci ze-cartilage. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ezi zine -mucus membranes kunye ne-cilia ngaphakathi.

Lonke olu hlobo lwe-trachea, i-bronchi, kunye ne-bronchioles lubizwa ngokuba ngumthi we-tracheobronchial , oko kuthetha "umthi we-tracheobronchial." Kuba ujongeka njengomthi ojonge phantsi. I-trachea ifana nesiqu somthi, kwaye i-bronchi ifana namasebe.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-bronchi?

Ngelishwa, indlela yethu yokuphefumla inokuba nezifo ezahlukeneyo. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezinye zezi.

• Isifuba: Le yimeko apho iindlela zomoya zihlala zivutha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Kule meko, iindlela zomoya ziyaba zibanzi, zonakale, kwaye zenze iingxowa eziqokelela i-mucus.
• I-Bronchitis: Ukudumba kweendlela zomoya. Oku kungaba lixesha elifutshane (elibukhali) okanye elide (elingapheliyo).
• I-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Le yingxaki yokuphefumla enokwenzeka kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Iyenzeka xa imiphunga ingakhuli kakuhle.
• Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu (i-COPD): Eli liqela lezifo ezivuthayo ezichaphazela imiphunga, zivale iindlela zomoya kwaye zenze kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Esi sisifo semfuza esibangela ukuba i-mucus etyebileyo nenamathelayo iqokeleleke kwimigudu yomoya.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokuphefumla?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwiindlela zakho zomoya, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhwehlela (kusenokuba kukukhwehlela okungapheliyo)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (njengokuphefumla kancinci)
• Ukuphefumla
• Ukopha nge-mucus
• Ukuqina kwesifuba, ukuziva uxinezelekile
• Ukudinwa rhoqo
• Iintsholongwane zokuphefumla ezixhaphakileyo (umz. i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis)

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezijonga impilo ye-bronchi?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukujonga impilo yeendlela zakho zomoya kunye nemiphunga.

• I-Spirometry: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga. Lulinganisa ukuba ungakanani umoya onokuwugcina emiphungeni yakho kunye nokuba ungaphefumla ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo (enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo) ngomlomo okanye empumlweni ukuze ajonge ngaphakathi kwimigudu yomoya.
• I-CT Scan: Olu luvavanyo olusebenzisa iikhompyutha ezikhethekileyo kunye nee-X-ray ukuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemiphunga.
• I-Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): Oku kufana ne -bronchoscopy , kodwa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ukunceda ekufumaneni ukudumba okanye umhlaza kwiindlela zomoya.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Nitric Oxide ephumayo: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani be-nitric oxide oyikhuphayo. Oku kunokuxelela oogqirha ukuba unesifo sokudumba kwindlela yakho yomoya.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo ezichaphazela i-bronchi?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwimeko echaphazela iindlela zakho zomoya. Nazi ezinye zeendlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu:

• Amayeza Afunxwayo: Amayeza anjenge -bronchodilators kunye nee-steroids anciphisa ukudumba kwimigudu yomoya, ayenze yande kwaye kube lula ukuphefumla. La mayeza anokunikwa nge -inhaler okanye i-nebulizer.Ungayibeka kulwelo uze uyivumele iphume ngomphunga.
• Unyango lwe-oksijini: Ukuba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, kunokufuneka unikwe ioksijini evela ngaphandle.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Le yinkqubo yokuzilolonga neyokufundisa enceda ukuqinisa imiphunga nokulawula izifo zemiphunga.
• Amayeza Omlomo: Amayeza anjenge -steroids okanye ii-antibiotics anokumiselwa ukuba athathwe yonke imihla okanye xa usulelo lukhula okanye isifo siqhubeka sisanda.
• Unyango Oluhle Loxinzelelo Lomoya: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba usebenzise umatshini we-CPAP okanye we-BiPAP® . Oku kunceda ukugcina iindlela zakho zomoya zivulekile.

Ndingayigcina njani i-bronchi yam isempilweni?

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze ugcine yonke inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla, kungekuphela nje kwendlela yakho yomoya, isempilweni:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya nokutshaya i-vape. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
• Kuphephe ukuphefumla umsi ophuma komnye umntu.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho licocekile kwaye utshintshe izihluzi zomoya rhoqo.
• Zilolonge rhoqo ukuze uqinise intliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga.
• Nciphisa ukuvezwa kungcoliseko lomoya kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Ukuba uhlala ujongene nothuli, izinto ezibangela i-allergen, okanye umsi weekhemikhali, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nemaski yobuso.
• Ukuze uzikhusele kwizifo zokuphefumla, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, uphephe iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi ngexesha lomkhuhlane, kwaye ufumane imigonyo ecetyiswayo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ukhohlela rhoqo okanye uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo zokuphazamiseka kokuphefumla , kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwisebe likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ongwevu, okanye ongwevu wemilebe, ulusu, okanye iinzipho (iCyanosis)
• Ukurhoxa kwesifuba (ukuziva ngathi isifuba sakho siyatshona xa uphefumla)
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile
• Ukudumba kwempumlo (ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumla)
• Ukubila ngaphandle kokunyuka kobushushu bomzimba
• Ukuphefumla

Khumbula: Iindlela zakho zomoya zinoxanduva olukhulu lokuthwala umoya uwuse emiphungeni yakho. Umzimba wakho usebenzisa lo moya ukuze ufumane ioksijini oyidingayo ukuze uphile. Kwangaxeshanye, iindlela zakho zomoya zifumisa umoya, zikukhusele kwiintsholongwane nakwezinye izinto ezinokukulimaza.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku.

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba i-bronchi ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba yonakele okanye ivuvukile, izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis kunye ne-COPD zinokuvela. Ke ngoko, ukuze ugcine i-bronchi yakho isempilweni, kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo kwaye ungaphefumli nantoni na eyingozi kwimiphunga yakho. Lumka umphefumlo wakho! Kuba umphefumlo ophilileyo sisitshixo sobomi obusempilweni.

I- Trachea, imiphunga, ukuphefumla, inkqubo yokuphefumla, i-asthma, i-bronchitis, imiphunga esempilweni